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Mathematical Symbols
Mathematical Symbols
List of all mathematical symbols and signs - meaning and examples. Basic math symbols Geometry symbols Algebra symbols Probability & statistics symbols Set theory symbols Logic symbols Calc l s & analysis symbols ! mber symbols Gree" symbols #oman n merals
& , . / 0 1 23 78 * ; <
e' ality
( & )*+ (,(.-/( (0-1( ) 4 2+*(3 & 56 725*)3925*(38 & 5: 5*5&) );5&5 + < ( & : and -) + ( & -) and :
not e' al sign ine' ality strict ine' ality strict ine' ality ine' ality ine' ality parentheses brac"ets pl s sign min s sign pl s - min s min s - pl s greater than less than greater than or e' al to less than or e' al to calc late expression inside first calc late expression inside first addition s btraction both pl s and min s operations both min s and pl s operations
9 4 = > $ @ . ab a^b Ga
+ -
m ltiplication m ltiplication
di?ision slash di?ision horiAontal line di?ision $ fraction remainder calc lation decimal pointC decimal separator exponent exponent
mod mod lo
period poEer caret s' are root c be root fo rth root n-th root 2radical3 percent per-mille
Ga Ga = a
+
Ga Ga Ga I
Ga +a +a = a a a a = a
-
Ga
for n&+C nG: & ) 5I & 5$5DD 5J & 5$5DDD & D.5I 5ppm & 5$5DDDDDD 5ppb & 5$5DDDDDDDDD 5ppt & 5D-5) 5DI 4 +D & + 5DJ 4 +D & D.+ 5Dppm 4 +D & D.DDD+ 5Dppb 4 +D & +45D-B 5Dppt 4 +D & +45D-5D
Geometry symbols
Symbol
Symbol !ame
Meaning $ definition
%xample
M K O OO
AB
& 6DK AC | BC AB QQ CR SABC STUV SABC ~ STUV XABC XBCR Q x-y Q & ( c & =d & )==r +6DK & )Y rad +6DK & -DD grad
| || W X |x-yQ Y
rad
pi constant radians
& +.5-5(H)6(-...
is the ratio betEeen the circ mference and diameter of a circle
grad grads
Algebra symbols
Symbol
Symbol !ame x ?ariable e' i?alence e' al by definition e' al by definition approximately e' al approximately e' al proportional to lemniscate m ch less than m ch greater than parentheses brac"ets braces floor brac"ets ceiling brac"ets exclamation mar" single ?ertical bar f nction of x
Meaning $ definition n"noEn ?al e to find identical to e' al by definition e' al by definition Eea" approximation approximation proportional to infinity symbol m ch less than m ch greater than calc late expression inside first calc late expression inside first set ro nds n mber to loEer integer ro nds n mber to pper integer factorial absol te ?al e maps ?al es of x to f2x3
%xample
x Z := W [ \ 23 78 ]^ x x x_ QxQ f 2x3
2f g3 composition
f nction
2aCb3 7aCb8 S S ` `` a e c d Y
open inter?al closed inter?al delta discriminant sigma sigma capital pi e constant $ % lerPs n mber % lerMascheroni constant golden ratio
St & t5 - tD
X & b) - -ac
s mmation - s m of all ?al es in range of series do ble s mmation prod ct - prod ct of all ?al es in range of series
` xi= x5+x)+...+xn
& +.5-5(H)6(-...
pi constant
is the ratio betEeen the circ mference and diameter of a circle
= 4 A B 78
a=b a4b AB
matrix of n mbers
23 QAQ det2A3 QQ x QQ Ae A A9 A -5
parentheses determinant determinant do ble ?ertical bars transpose fermitian matrix fermitian matrix in?erse matrix
matrix of n mbers determinant of matrix A determinant of matrix A norm matrix transpose matrix cong gate transpose matrix cong gate transpose
A A-5 & I
ran" of matrix A dimension of matrix A
P2A3 & D.( P2AhB3 & D.( P2AB3 & D.( P2A | B3 & D.+
c m lati?e distrib tion f nction 2cdf3 pop lation mean expectation ?al e conditional expectation ?ariance ?ariance standard de?iation standard de?iation median
F2x3 & P2 1 x3
mean of pop lation ?al es expected ?al e of random ?ariable T expected ?al e of random ?ariable T gi?en U ?ariance of random ?ariable T ?ariance of pop lation ?al es standard de?iation of random ?ariable T standard de?iation ?al e of random ?ariable T middle ?al e of random ?ariable x co?ariance of random ?ariables T and U correlation of random ?ariables T and U correlation of random ?ariables T and U s mmation - s m of all ?al es in range of series do ble s mmation ?al e that occ rs most fre' ently in pop lation
! & 5D "2 3 & 5D "2 | #=$3 & ( %ar2 3 & i$ & std2 3 & ) i &)
s mmation
do ble s mmation
mode
)* )d j5 j) j+ x s) s ,x W
-2!C.)3 U2aCb3 ex/2k3
)* & 2x+ax*x+in3$)
half the pop lation is beloE this ?al e )(I of pop lation are beloE this ?al e
(DI of pop lation are median $ second beloE this ?al e & ' artile median of samples pper $ third ' artile sample mean sample ?ariance B(I of pop lation are beloE this ?al e a?erage $ arithmetic mean pop lation samples ?ariance estimator
pop lation samples sample standard standard de?iation de?iation estimator standard score distrib tion of T normal distrib tion niform distrib tion exponential distrib tion gamma
,x & 2x-x3 $ sx
distrib tion of random ?ariable T ga ssian distrib tion e' al probability in range aCb
f 2x3 = 0e-0x C x0D f 2x3 = 0 c xc-5e-0x $ l2c3C x0D f 2x3 = x1$)-5e-x$) $ 2 )"$) l21$)3 3
P&iss&n2k3 Poisson
f 213 = 01e-0 $ 1_
distrib tion
4e&+2/3
f 213 = / 253/3 1
Combinatorics Symbols
Symbol Symbol !ame factorial perm tation Meaning $ definition %xample
n_
n n
n_ & 5=)=+=...=n
P1
P+ = (_ $ 2(-+3_ & 6D
21
combination
(
2+ = (_$7+_2(-+3_8&5D
Symbol !ame set intersection nion s bset proper s bset $ strict s bset not s bset
Meaning $ definition a collection of elements obgects that belong to set A and set B obgects that belong to set A or set B s bset has feEer elements or e' al to the set s bset has feEer elements than the set left set not a s bset of right set
%xample
]^ AB AB AB AB AB
A & ]+CBCHC5-^C B & ]HC5-C):^ A B & ]HC5-^ A B & ]+CBCHC5-C):^ ]HC5-C):^ ]HC5-C):^ ]HC5-^ ]HC5-C):^ ]HC66^ ]HC5-C):^
AB AB AB )A
s perset
proper s perset $ set A has more elements strict s perset than set B not s perset poEer set poEer set set A is not a s perset of set B all s bsets of A all s bsets of A both sets ha?e the same members all the obgects that do not belong to set A obgects that belong to A and not to B
e' ality
complement
relati?e complement
A & ]+CHC5-^C B & ]5C)C+^C A-B & ]HC5-^ A & ]+CHC5-^C B & ]5C)C+^C A-B & ]HC5-^ A & ]+CHC5-^C B & ]5C)C+^C A S B & ]5C)CHC5-^ A & ]+CHC5-^C B & ]5C)C+^C A B & ]5C)CHC5-^ A&]+CHC5-^C + A A&]+CHC5-^C 5 A
relati?e complement
obgects that belong to A and not to B obgects that belong to A or B b t not to their intersection obgects that belong to A or B b t not to their intersection set membership no set membership collection of ) elements set of all ordered pairs from A and B
symmetric difference
QAQ pA
the n mber of elements of set A the n mber of elements of set A infinite cardinality of nat ral n mbers set cardinality of co ntable ordinal n mbers set
empty set ni?ersal set nat ral n mbers $ Ehole n mbers set 2Eith Aero3 nat ral n mbers $ Ehole n mbers set 2Eitho t Aero3 integer n mbers set rational n mbers set real n mbers set complex n mbers set
q&]^
set of all possible ?al es
C & ]q^
& ]DC5C)C+C-C...^
& ]5C)C+C-C(C...^
& ]...-+C-)C5CDC5C)C+C...^
-6
& ]x Q x&a$bC aCb )$6 ^ & ]x Q -\ / x /\^ & ], Q ,=a*biC -\/a/\C -\/b/\^ 6.+-+-+- 6*)i
Logic symbols
Symbol Symbol !ame and caret $ circ mflex and and Meaning $ definition %xample
x y xFy
& * Q xP x r _ W
Symbol
ampersand pl s re?ersed caret ?ertical line single ' ote bar not exclamation mar" circled pl s $ opl s tilde implies e' i?alent for all there exists there does not exists therefore beca se $ since
and or or or not - negation not - negation not - negation not - negation excl si?e or - xor negation
if and only if
7 e yP y PP y2n3
epsilon e constant $ % lerPs n mber deri?ati?e second deri?ati?e nth deri?ati?e deri?ati?e
7bD e & lim 25*5$x3x Cxb\ 2+x+3P & Hx) 2+x+3PP & 5:x 2+x+32+3 & 5: d2+x+3$dx & Hx) d)2+x+3$dx) & 5:x
e & ).B5:):5:):...
deri?ati?e - LeibniAPs notation deri?ati?e of deri?ati?e n times deri?ation deri?ati?e - LagrangePs notation deri?ati?e of deri?ati?e
second deri?ati?e
s2x)*y)3$sx & )x
opposite to deri?ation integration of f nction of ) ?ariables integration of f nction of + ?ariables
integral do ble integral triple integral closed conto r $ line integral closed s rface integral
closed inter?al open inter?al imaginary nit complex cong gate complex cong gate nabla $ del ?ector nit ?ector
7aCb8 & ]x Q a 1 x 1 b^ 2aCb3 & ]x Q a / x / b^ i Z G-5 , & a*bi b ,9&a-bi , & a*bi b , & a-bi
gradient $ di?ergence operator
x9y
y2t3 & x2t3 9 92t3 F2s3 & ]f 2t3^ 2:3 & ]f 2t3^
; \
!ame Aero one tEo three fo r fi?e
! meral symbols
% ropean #oman find Arabic febreE
D 5 ) + ( t tt ttt tu u
six se?en eight nine ten ele?en tEel?e thirteen fo rteen fifteen sixteen se?enteen eighteen nineteen tEenty thirty fo rty fifty sixty se?enty eighty ninety one h ndred
6 B : H 5D 55 5) 5+ 55( 56 5B 5: 5H )D +D -D (D 6D BD :D HD 5DD
ut utt uttt tT T Tt Ttt Tttt Ttu Tu Tut Tutt Tuttt TtT TT TTT TL L LT LTT LTTT TC C
! " # $ % &
w x l X { }
N y c z | ~ k Y i
d m
! mber
ta-oo oo-psi-lon
ph ch ps o
#oman n merals
#oman n meral
D 5 ) + ( 6 B : H 5D 55 5)
Tttt Ttu Tu Tut Tutt Tuttt TtT TT TTT TL L LT LTT LTTT TC C CC CCC CR R RC RCC RCCC
CM M u T L C R M
See also
Algebra symbols Geometry symbols Statistical symbols Logic symbols Set theory symbols Calc l s & analysis symbols ! mber symbols Gree" alphabet symbols #oman n merals tnfinity symbol Math calc lators
MATH SYMBOLS
Basic math symbols Algebra symbols Geometry symbols Statistical symbols Logic symbols Set symbols Calc l s symbols ! mber symbols Gree" symbols #oman n merals Add to na?orites #ecommend Site Send needbac" Abo t
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