Followup - pdf28 1

Kurt Burnum
Khufus Counterweights! Revised Edition Written By Kurt Burnum
Khufus Counterweights!
Copyright 2013 Kurt Burnum All rights reserved.
Kurt Burnum
DEDICATION This book is dedicated to the late Frank Steiger and his daughter for creating, keeping and maintaining the wonderful ideas and theories on how the construction of the great Pyramids was achieved and to how those ideas are still alive to this very day. May he live on through this book as well?
CONTENTS
BUILDING PYRAMIDS THROUGH DOCUMENTARIES....6
LOGISTICS AND STRUCTURE.........14
CONFIGURATIONS...22
COUNTERWEIGHT THEORY DEBUNKED....29
MATHEMATICALLY SPEAKING.....39
NEW COUNTERWEIGHT THEORY....47
THE ABSOLUTE TRUTH...57
WHAT AND WHERE OF THE WAY IT WAS MADE...62
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO..68
THREE STAGES TO THE FINAL CHAPTER...76
ULTIMATELY DECIDED UPON....81
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First I would like to acknowledge my sister to whom my life depended on for her warmth and grace. I would also like to acknowledge my lovely Wife Celeste for proofing theses few short chapters and bearing with me through all the time spent at the computer in order to make this book happen, and my brother for all his support over the years thank you all for you love and kindest wishes!
BUILDING PYRAMIDS THROUGH DOCUMENTARIES!
This Book entitled Khufus Counterweights! Was designed to be used by students, and enthusiasts alike at every level of education, and interest around the world by Kurt R. Burnum as a periodical reference as to how the interior, and exterior lift used during the construction of The Great Pyramid of Khufu in Egypt had operated. It was completed on, or about June 28th, 2013 and is the most recent representation of the events that occurred during the construction of The King's Burial Chamber in The Great Pyramid of Khufu as expressed by Architect Jean Pierre Houdin in the first 3 chapters. After that, well debunk his theory and form a new one in the chapters that follow.
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At the very beginning Jean-Pierre said, "There were two stages of construction that the Ancient Egyptian workers would've used during the construction of the five different relieving chambers built directly above The King's Burial Chamber that was located in the very heart of The Great Pyramid. The Ancient Egyptian workers wouldve used these two stages of construction to raise gigantic beams and rafters that they needed to support the tremendous weight from above this incredible chamber. In turn, these granite beams and rafters would've supported the flat ceiling constructed directly above The King's Burial Chamber four thousand five hundred years ago." In order for them to have done this The Ancient Egyptian Stone Haulers of the day would've had to of moved each beam or rafter from the port on The Nile River to the top of The King's Burial Chamber in one trip! In order for The Great Egyptian Architect of that time Hemiunu, who designed and over saw the construction of the pyramid to have completed such a remarkable stone hauling task he would've had to of given his best workers full use of two different counterweight systems. Both of which would've been made to be readily available to be at the disposal of the workers at any time during the day, or night. One of these counter7
weight systems of which even up to this very day is still buried underneath the north east corner of Khafre's Pyramid which was strategically located to be built inside a trench that was dug into the surface of the Giza Plateau at the top of the port ramp and there were also two more counterweight systems that were used by the stone haulers of that time. One of these counterweights systems of which was made to be located inside a trench that was built to be inside south side of the unfinished pyramid itself at the forty three meter level. Another one of these counterweights was designed to operate inside The Grand Gallery itself which even up until this very day is still located in the very heart of The Great Pyramid. Both powerful counterweight systems were readily used to lift the beams and rafters up to the top of the higher levels of the unfinished pyramid. All of these separate counterweights would've had the same length in their glide path of about forty seven meters for a counterweight run of about forty meters. While at the same time the counterweight sliding in the port ramp trench with all its materials, and devices linked to it was dismantled and used again in the second stages of raising the beams and rafters up from the forty third meter level storage area to their respective 8
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place in the ceiling above The King's Burial Chamber! Jean Pierre says, "The first of these two stages was divided into two secondary steps." These two secondary steps consisted of moving all sixty five beams and rafters in an upwards, and westerly direction from the port on The Nile River to the top of the port ramp, (Which was located at the base of the external pyramid ramp.) From the foot of the external pyramid ramp the beams and rafters were then moved upwards in a northerly direction to the top of the external pyramid ramp. They were then stored at the forty third meter level on the pyramid itself! These two secondary stages were successive. All the beams and rafters had to travel upwards from the port on The Nile River to the top of the forty third meter level in one trip. Once all the beams and rafters had been stored there the second stage could follow, the construction of the ceiling above The Kings Burial Chamber. At the same time when the stone haulers working above the trenches were still using counterweights to help them move the monolith beams and rafters up the higher levels of the unfinished pyramid these workers would've also wanted to slow the momentum of the counterweight loads that weighed over fifty tons on the way back down to the bottom of the 9
slopes again! They would've done this for the safety of the workers, but also because of the fact that they didn't want to have any damage done to the pyramid itself. The beams and rafters that weighed more than fifty tons would've been pulled by the counterweights directly and by the stone haulers themselves. Jean Pierre said, A single traction of the load is equal to one counterweight run in its glide path. That was around forty meters then the counterweight was reloaded. About the rope configurations Jean Pierre said, "In the first stage of construction there were three separate sets of ropes that The Ancient Egyptian workers would've used to operate the counterweights in the port ramp trench, and in The Grand Gallery. All of these ropes would have worked independently of one another." Although all of the ropes were about an inch and a half wide and didn't stretch very much they were all twisted before each traction to get tension." These granite beams and rafters that The Ancient Egyptian workers would've needed to support the tremendous weight of the pyramid from above The Kings Burial Chamber were all quarried in Asuan which is located over eight hundred kilometers to the south of The Giza Plateau on the Nile River. 10
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These same beams and rafters that The Ancient Egyptians wouldve used in order to construct the relieving chambers that were built directly above The King's Burial Chamber were all transported to their final destination on the grounds of the pyramid's site building complex by way of wooden barges that would've sailed south using The Nile River. These large vessels were made up of cloth sails and wooden planks tied together with ropes, and knots. The Ancient Egyptian ship builders would have tied these barges together like this because they didn't have nails to hold them together. On their way down the river they would've used the wind and sails to travel south on The Nile and on their way back to the building site on The Giza Plateau the Ancient Egyptian Sailors would have used the current to sail north and complete their final journey to the building complex. Once the beams and rafters were delivered to the building site they were then stored there at the port until the workers were able to raise them up to their final places in the ceiling above The Kings Burial Chamber. The second stage ceiling construction would've involved transporting all sixty five of the monolith beams and rafters directly above the ceiling inside The King's Bur11
ial Chamber. While doing that at the same time they would've been utilizing a brand new type of pyramid design. One that would've involved the use of a room with a flat ceiling, and at the time it had never been used before nor has it ever been used since. This new type of burial chamber that was designed to be used singly, standing by itself alone, and would've been built into the center of Khufu's Pyramid itself in order for it to be used half way up in the pyramid which at that time would've started out at its base at the forty third meter level. The same level as the beams and rafters had been stored at until they were able to be lifted up and put into place in the ceiling of the constructions five different relieving chambers which at the top rose to be the height of the sixty fourth meter level. The last level in the construction of the room's ceiling above the relieving chambers, the rafters, and the roof. While at the time the stone haulers of the day were working on the ceiling's relieving chambers they also would've wanted to implement a brand new type of a counterweight system. One that if standing alone would've been made completely of the re-used trolley, the building materials, and the devices of the former 12
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counterweight that was previously located in The Port Ramp Trench. This second stage counterweight system was able to raise a monolith beam or rafter anywhere from between ten to forty meters above the forty third meter level storage area all the way up to the sixty fourth meter level located on the pyramid itself. Only this time the new counterweight would've sat directly across from The Grand Gallery itself a hundred and eighty degree angle facing The South Side Slide Lifting Platform to the north in order for it to have raised them to the higher levels of this new pyramid.
13
LOGISTICS AND STRUCTURE
Jean-Pierre says, "All of these beams and rafters were raised up in only one run of the counterweight's pull, but not all in one traction". They were raised in several split up tractions meaning that the counterweights in The Grand Gallery only had to be lowered just enough to raise one of them on the other end of the ropes up to the level in the ceiling where it was going to be used. So, they raised them on the south side slide lifting platform anywhere between ten, and forty meters. The more they needed to rise the deeper the split up tractions became so the effort to raise a beam or rafter could be diluted on a full day and the haulers would have time to breathe. Jean Pierre says, "On a fifty percent slope, you need 575kg/f to pull one ton. The 14
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weight of the beams, and rafters for The King's Burial Chamber ranged from twenty seven to sixty three tons. You have sixty five beams and rafters in all, but fifty four weigh less than fifty tons. So, the counterweight is calculated depending on the ratio of weight/slope! Once the stone haulers had successfully completed a single traction or a full run of the counterweight's load the Architectural Engineers of the day who designed The Great Pyramids on The Giza Plateau would've had to of come up with a good, real world solution to the big problem, how they were going to reset the powerful monolith stone lifting counterweights once they were located back down at the bottom of the twenty eight percent grade of the counterweight slopes again while at that time they would've been working without assistance of the full strength of a forty ton counterweight to back up the stone haulers logistically! An engineering feat that's gone unbeknownst even up until this very day but still, they had a good solution! During this same time period when the stone haulers were busy working on the flat ceiling from above any of the pyramid's three counterweight trenches when any one of them was in need of a full counterweight reset there were two more secondary steps that the 15
workers would've used. First the pyramid workers would've used a technique that would cut the lifting force required to reset the heavy counterweights in their trenches completely in half. In order for them to have implemented this technique there were six ropes anchored to the top of each one of the slides. In the trench above the port ramp they were anchored in the bed rock, and in The Grand Gallery they were anchored to the portcullis chamber. From that anchor these ropes would have traveled down the slides, taken a U turn on the front of their respective counterweights, and from that counterweight the ropes would've traveled backwards up, and out of their slides to workers facing west in front of the trench above the port ramp, and to the south of The Grand Gallery facing to the north. The workers would've then pulled on these ropes while the counterweights rose in their slide. The port ramp workers would've pulled to the east, while the workers above The Grand Gallery would've pulled to the south. To be more efficient the stone haulers would've leaned backwards using their own weight like fishermen on a beach pulling a net. Jean-Pierre says, "The counterweights stop after each pull on the ropes thanks to the 16
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ratchets in the slides. This is a fractional reloading pull. Jean-Pierre goes on, To move just one beam or rafter from the port on The Nile to the top of the port ramp that beam or rafter needed to travel six hundred and fifty meters with sixteen tractions and sixteen reloads. Moving them from the top of the port ramp up the external pyramid ramp up to the forty third meter level storage area on the pyramid itself that beam or rafter had to travel three hundred and twenty meters requiring eight tractions and eight reloads. That comes out to be somewhere around a thousand meters for each lift or the equivalent of moving them a distance of nine football fields from the port on The Nile River to the top of The Kings Burial Chamber! During the second stage of construction, in order for the pyramid workers to have reset the system so they could use the lifting platform again, they would've had to anchor a set of six ropes indirectly from the front of the south side lifting platform and then routed them back over the top of The King's Burial Chamber to where they were then connected directly to the back of The Grand Gallery Trolley. During the second stage of construction there was no need for a rope to be anchored in the portcullis chamber of The Grand Gallery anymore, because when the 17
stone haulers of the day had needed a complete reset of The Grand Gallery counterweight instead of just indirectly connecting the ropes around the front of The Grand Gallery Trolley they connected them directly to the back of it instead. Then instead of the workers pull to the south, the workers would've just connected the ropes indirectly to the front of the south side lifting platform. Once the pyramid workers had done all of that the only thing they would've had left to do next would've been to use the south side slide lifting platform as a counterweight to the counterweight. Jean Pierre said, "During the second stage of the ceilings construction the workers would have also used the same technique that they had used to halve the amount of force needed to raise the beams and rafters as they did in the first stage of construction." "When lifting, a third set of ropes would have also been added to pull directly on the sledge or sledges that were carrying the beams and rafters that weighed over fifty tons." About the same lifting technique that The Ancient Egyptian had found of using a counterweight to help pull the beams and rafters Jean Pierre says, "The force resulting from the weight of the counterweight, the slope of the slide on which it runs, and the friction from the sleds on rollers, and the ropes". A one ton load will give only 18
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around a 575kg/f restitution force when the slope of the slide is 50%=26.57. The logs below the sleds of the counterweight were lowering the friction. That said, when you pull a sixty ton beam or rafter on a sloping ramp, the force needed depends on the slope on which the beam is pulled. You have five slopes on the pyramid building site. The first slope was a twenty six degree angled slope facing the port ramp at a hundred and eighty degree angle located inside a trench dug into the Giza Plateau. The second was the port ramp of 8.5% (4.87) to the west. The third was the external pyramid ramp which was also an 8.5% (4.87) slope, but to the north. The fourth slope was in The Grand Gallery itself with a twenty six degree angle slope to the south, and in the second stage there was a fifth slope also at a twenty six degree angle, but this time facing to the north at a hundred and eighty degree angle to The Grand Gallery. On a 4.87 degree (Or 8.5%) slope, you need 320kg/f to pull one ton. Jean-Pierre says, "The great advantage of controlled traction of the load is that workers were able to easily slide rollers under the sleds, and the sledges while moving at low speed." The counterweight which was located inside The Grand Gallery itself would've 19
been reset after each time one of the beams or rafters had traveled up the south side slide and was unloaded at its level in the pyramid's ceiling construction. Jean Pierre said, "The problem for the construction workers would've been for them to raise a monolith beam or rafter every time. Once the lifting platform that was carrying the beams and rafters would've been unloaded and set into place in the ceiling's relieving chambers the platform was left empty! Nothing prevented the workers from loading the lifting platform with sixteen small two and a half ton granite blocks that were easily transferable from the forty third meter level up to the level where the platform stood." So the sixteen small two and a half ton granite blocks that the workers would've needed to reset the counterweight in The Grand Gallery at that time were all risen up from the forty third meter level storage area to the higher levels of the pyramid by a team of workers at that level of the ceiling that was under construction. For that, there was a small parallel slide set off to the right hand side of the main slide with a wooden portico on top. A small team of around thirty workers would have pulled on a rope that was linked to the carrier 20
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sledge that would have slid on this small, near vertical slide. Each two and a half ton block was set on the carrier, pulled up to the upper level, unloaded, and then stored. After that, the workers would have slid the carrier sledge down to the lower level of the pyramid taking up another two and a half ton block with it.
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CONFIGURATIONS
Jean-Pierre says, "It was possible to raise the granite blocks up to the higher levels of the pyramid using the wooden portico because the counterweight blocks were small but in the end the sixteen small granite blocks supplied a forty ton counterweight. Enough weight to reload the counterweight in The Grand Gallery." So, loading the south side slide lifting platform with the sixteen two and a half ton granite blocks was enough weight to reload the twenty five ton counterweight in The Grand Gallery, and the south side slide lifting platform's run downward would have been slowed by the haulers from above. Jean Pierre says, "Everything was just a question of balance." In the meantime, at the rear of the trolley there 22
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was a wooden piece, or brake that The Ancient Egyptian workers would have used to stop the trolley when necessary. When the trolley ran up, a brake would've followed the ratcheted guide beams that lined the walls of the slides and the driver would have stood ready to stop the trolley at any given moment in the event that something should go wrong like a rope should break. When the trolley ran down the driver at the front of the trolley would have kept the brake up. Notice there are ropes on the side of the trolley running from the front to the rear, and the command or wooden piece on the front of the trolley depicted on the front of the trolley. In the event that something should have happened, the driver of the trolley would have released the command, and the wooden brake would have fallen down into the wooden ratchets of the lateral guide beams, and would've stopped The Grand Gallery Trolley from going any further. During the second stage of construction, when the twenty five ton counterweight in The Grand Gallery was reset by the sixteen small two and a half ton counterweights on the south side slide lifting platform The Grand Gallery trolley would have been left standing in its place, because the counterweights on the south side 23
slide lifting platform would have kept it standing there in its place. Jean Pierre says, You have to imagine that on the other side there were the same wooden devices. Wooden Lateral pieces with ratchets, a roller train, a platform, a brake, and a command with a driver. After each traction the brake would have fallen down into the ratchets so, the platform would have been blocked from running down. When workers would have pulled on the ropes for a new traction the platform would have run upward, and so on." During this stage in the construction of The Great Pyramid the people who were in charge of the workers who were actually building The Great Pyramid would've probably needed about a hundred or so workers to reload the counterweights in The Port Ramp, and in The Grand Gallery counterweight trenches. They would've done this so that they could once again start to move the construction beams and rafters up to the top to the forty third meter level storage area once again which was located on the south side of the unfinished pyramid itself. In order for them to have reset the counterweights in the second stages of construction so the pyramid workers could operate the lifts in that stage there was a max24
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imum of two hundred workers in a team. These men just pulled gently for the lightest beams and used more and more force as the beams grew heavier up to the maximum for the heaviest. With the two counterweight system using around two hundred workers in a team for the heaviest of loads, the workers were able to set beams and rafters of up to sixty three tons in place all the way up to a hundred and four meters above the last level of the port for the last part of the ceiling at the sixty fourth meter level on the pyramid itself. Jean Pierre says, The number of workers that were needed was ultimately decided by The Operating Chief Officer on the site. Jean-Pierre Houdin continues, Two hundred workers is a big team, but we have a drawing from a temple in Deir ElBersheh showing a team of a hundred seventy two men pulling a heavy statue so we're in range." Meanwhile, for the platform counterweight system, another rope measuring about sixty meters long, and about one and a half inches wide worked independently of the other ropes which were all attached directly to the front of the roller train. In the case of the counterweight that was running in the Grand Gallery the roller train itself took up about half the length of about twenty meters plus the length of the trolley of six meters 25
making it about twenty six meters long. The trolley rested on this roller train. The other end of the rope was actually looped around a log located in the upper corner of the floor in The Grand Gallery. From there the rope was routed back down at a hundred and eighty degree angle under the roller train before being fastened to the round weight behind the roller train which was called a ballast weight. The ballast weight's glide path was equal to the same amount of space left over between the front of the roller train up to where this rope was routed downward to the bottom of The Grand Gallery, so around thirty meters. This line maintained tension pulling on the top of this roller train from above. The ballast weight itself weighed approximately the same amount as the roller train would have weighed. Jean Pierre says, "While running up or running down the trolley ran at twice the speed of the roller train, because it also ran on top of the roller train itself which was already in motion." So, due to the amount of friction between the rolling logs, and the trolley while the trolley was being pulled forward on top of the roller train, the logs rotated under its weight three hundred and sixty degrees. At the same time, the ballast weight was connected to the top 26
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of the roller train keeping tension on that rope, and the roller train on line. The wooden frame of the roller train helped keep the rolling logs parallel to each other with a permanent spacing and the ratcheted guide beams also helped to keep the rolling logs inline. To sum it up, there were five separate components that made up The Grand Gallery lift inside The Great Pyramid of Khufu. Those five components were the ratcheted guide beams that lined the adjacent walls of The Grand Gallery, (Which also would've helped keep the roller train, and trolley inline.) The other components were the trolley, the lifting platforms, and the roller trains. The ballast weights also would've helped to keep tension on the top of the roller trains, and the last components that would've been used were the ropes. All of these components moved except for one, that one thing being The Grand Gallery itself along with the ratcheted guide beams that had lined the walls of the trenches. Other than that the other four components all moved. Them being the ballast weight, the trolley along with the lifting platforms, the roller train, and ropes. While the trolley was being pulled forward on top of the roller train, the trolley's friction rolled the logs underneath it 27
three hundred and sixty degrees moving the roller train along with it. This roller train was made up of twenty eight rolling logs of about thirty centimeters in diameter that were made out of a very hard cedar wood imported from Lebanon. The roller train was also made up of two parallel wooden beams that ran on top, and also on the bottom of the rolling logs vertically that had wooden dowels connecting them in the middle. At the same time, the ballast stone kept tension on the rope that was indirectly connected to the front of the roller train. As the roller train moved up the ballast weight would slide down, and as the roller train moved down the ballast stone would move back up again. It did this, because it was looped around the log in the top of the floor of The Grand Gallery at a one hundred and eighty degree angle from the top of the roller train to the ballast weight which was located behind the trolley while the driver and command operated the brake which followed the ratcheted guides.
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COUNTERWEIGHT THEORY DEBUNKED!
There are two different counterweight systems portrayed throughout this chapter. All of which are either attached directly together with ropes and knots or are made to be operated apart from one another separately. In order for The Ancient Egyptians to have moved the monolith beams and rafters that they needed to construct the five different relieving chambers that are built directly above The King's Burial Chamber in the center of The Great Pyramid Khufu the construction workers of that time would've used three different counterweight lifts. All three of which are depicted as being The Port Ramp Counterweight and The South Side Slide Lifting Platform on the left hand side of the counterweight and The Grand Gallery Trolley itself which is also depicted but is demonstrated on the right 29
hand side of the model counterweight, and as for The Port Ramp and The External Pyramid Ramp are concerned, they are also depicted herein by the written body of his chapter. Once we completed the first three chapter in this book called "Building Pyramids through Documentaries!" Jean Pierre' and I wanted a model counterweight system that would demonstrate his theory on this webpage. Surprisingly enough just after that one thing had led to another and then soon after that I had successfully accomplished a complete mock up model counterweight system designed the same way as the one that Jean-Pierre described in Dassault Systemes computer animated pyramid constructing documentary that was entitled , "Khufu Reborn." What we discovered while using all of these different counterweights was quite astonishing, and demonstrated to me a few things that I think need be looked at in depth by any true believer of Jean Pierre' Houdin's work, and skeptics alike! These counterweights had demonstrated to me that Jean Pierre's rope configuration and weight distribution hypotheses for his counterweight system had what I call, "A few flaws. So first of all, what I mean when I say that is when I was recording the demonstration video to be shown on the website there were two different things that I had no30
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ticed right off the bat about Jean Pierre's rope configurations. Namely, the lifting platform in the left hand side of the video depicts it traversing only half of the designated glide slope even though both sides of the counterweight run the same length in their glide path. The next thing I noticed is that even though there are twice as many bricks on the left hand side of the model counterweight as there were on the right, the counterweight still refused to reset itself. So in order to reset the counterweight as it was described by Jean Pierre Houdin they wouldve needed to directly connect the ropes to the back of The Grand Gallery Trolley with its 25 ton counterweight and then attach the ropes over on the other side of the counterweight indirectly to the front of the south side slides lifting platform which was supporting a forty ton counterweight load made of a 16 2.5 ton small counterweight blocks. As you look on, I also noticed that the roller train was completely free and functioning as demonstrated on The South Side Slide Lifting Platform's way up the slope, but the counterweight still refused to reset itself. After doing the math I found out that it still wouldve left 6.25% of the weight of The South Side Lifting Plat31
form that was left to be lifted by the workers using brute strength alone or 2.5 tons! That wouldve only been when using a 40 ton beam or rafter. Just think what a 63 ton beam wouldve done if only using a 25 ton counterweight in The Grand Gallery? Its no wonder that The Egyptians wouldve needed just under 200 men in order to raise a 63 ton beam up the south side slide when using that kind of rope configuration, but well get into that later because when the south side slides lifting platforms ropes were connected indirectly to the front of it like that it wouldve only traversed half its designated glide slope. After that, when it came time to reset The Grand Gallery Trolley counterweight again, (While using this kind of rope and pulley configuration and weight distribution combination.) it came to 1.2% of the weight of that 25 ton counterweight that would've still needed to be lifted upwards by the pyramid workers even when resetting, and thats only considering if the counterweight weighed only 25 tons which in this case still comes out to being .3 tons that would require brute strength to lift! Once again while I was filming the very first video I also noticed how easily the beams and rafters were 32
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moved up the steep slope of The South Side Slide on the back of The South Side Lifting Platform after the pyramid workers had connected their ropes directly to the front of The South Side Lifting Platform and then pull on them from above. Now, after that I noticed where it showed that when the ropes were connected directly to the back of The South Side Lifting Platform that the roller train seems to move up The South Side Slide in quite the same way. You may be thinking though, "You shouldn't be able to move the ropes from the back of The Grand Galley Trolley, and over to the front of The South Side Lifting Platform without cutting the length of the counterweight glide path by the length of the lifting platform and while doing so decreasing the maximum lifting abilities of the counterweight in the process as well." Believe it or not it doesn't really matter if you connect the ropes to the front or to the back of The Lifting Platform as far as the length of the incline goes. Both of them seem to allow for the same lifting height on the glide slope. That would've meant that the same distance was used from top to bottom with both configurations. So, as far as I can tell, they're both the same except for the ropes cross when you connect them to the front of the lifting platform. Other than that, both rope config33
urations seemed to work in the same way as the other one did. On the other hand, if you moved the ropes from the back of The Grand Gallery Trolley to the front, you would've then cut the lifting height of the beam or rafter on the other side of the counterweight by the length of the trolley in question. The reason why the lifting platform does this on one side of the counterweight and not the other is because of the total length associated with The Grand Gallery Trolley's glide path. The lifting platform itself seemed to have worked quite smoothly and it also seemed to be easy to manage, and quite easy to lift as well. The Ancient Egyptian Architectural Engineers of that day who designed The Great Pyramid would've also had to of imagined at that time that it was a lot easier for them to transport all of the beams and rafters to the top of the counterweight slopes if they made wooden roller trains with rolling logs for The Grand Galley Trolley and the two Lifting Platforms to roll up and down the slopes on. These same Ancient Egyptian Designers would've also had to realize at that time that the roller trains themselves would've been placed out of balance by gravity and the friction caused between the two parts of the 34
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counterweight system when they were on their way up and down all three of the different counterweight slopes separately while at that time the architectural engineers who designed the counterweight system would of had to ingeniously imagine an indirect rope and pulley configuration that would've used the full function of an equally proportioned ballast weight to the roller train. This ballast weight was designed to equally proportion two separate partitions of the counterweight system. In order to connect the two sections indirectly together the pyramid workers at that time would've had to use wooden rolling logs. These rolling logs would've been located at the top of each of the counterweight trenches in both stages in the ceiling's construction. These rolling logs would've also guided the rope from front to back. The ballast weight kept roller trains from slipping out from under the counterweights, and out from under the, would be beams and rafters on their way to the top of the counterweight trenches. They also served to reduce any slippage that would've been caused between the two separate pieces of the counterweight's structures run down the hill as well, and while using a roller train ballast weight in this way 35
at that time; there wouldve been a gap created in any part of the length of counterweights glide path starting out at the base of the counterweights forty foot glide path and continued on from its start to its finish. Due to the fact that all of The Grand Gallery Trolley, The South Side Slide Lifting Platform, and The Port Ramp Lifting Platform's counterweights being compared individually or separated apart from one another identically the upward leniency of the incline plane or slope of the slide always tended to lend itself over to one side of the counterweight or the other regardless of whether it was a simple counterweight reset during the first stage of construction or if it was something more complex like, "Raising the rafters above the five different relieving chambers at the end of the second stage of construction." Giving Jean Pierre Houdin the benefit of the doubt, and considering that he connected the counterweights directly to each other and used a counterweight of at least half the amount of weight of the beam or rafter in the first stage of construction, that wouldve accounted for 71.2% of the weight of the beam or rafter and in the first stage of construction and they would've just cut that number in half due to the fact that the counterweight only weighed no more than half as much as it 36
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did when it was in the second stage of construction. Doing it that way would account for 35.5% of the immense weight. As far as the weight of the beams and rafters themselves go they would've had to figure 128.8% to account for the weight of the counterweight plus the slope of the slide then halve that once you've accounted for the indirect rope and pulley configuration used by the pyramid workers in both stages of construction you would have at least 64.5% of the weight of the beam or rafter left to be lifted by the pyramid workers each and every time. It also appeared to me that during the first stage of construction above The King's Burial Chamber that if the pyramid designers that they had used a 26 degree positive slope for the counterweight's glide path that the mathematical equation's parameters for determining the lifting abilities and effectiveness of The Port Ramp Lifting Platform and Grand Gallery Trolley's 31.5 ton counterweight blocks surely weren't going to account the same amount of weight as if they were using 90 degree or a 100% vertical angle as a construction ramp. It wouldn't have even been the same thing as if the workers were utilizing the entire 71.2% of the counterweights downward force being exerted on The Port 37
Ramp or The Grand Gallery Trolley's roller trains either! They would've moved just the 35.5% of the weight of the counterweight over to that positive category just because of the fact that the counterweights would've only weighed 31.5 tons instead of 63. That's half as much as the beams or rafters that they were lifting, and as for the weight of the beams and rafters themselves go, because of the slope of the 8.5% Port Ramp and External Ramp slides being at the angle that they were, the workers would've had to lift 54.3% or 34.2 tons instead of 63 tons simply because of the fact that they also would've taken another 50% of that due to the indirect rope and pulley configuration used by the workers. That would've given the workers 54.3% of the weight of the beams and rafters that still would've been left over in the negative weight category left to be lifted up by the workers themselves.
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MATHEMATICALLY SPEAKING
Basically, that would be like taking both sides of the counterweight and putting them on the same level playing field with one another. All they would've had to of done next would've been to have taken the 35.5% of the weight of the beam or rafter in the positive weight category away from the 54.3% of the weight in the negative weight category, and subtract one from the other. By doing it in this way it would've left a difference of 18.5% of the weight between the two percentages. After that they would've taken the original 54.3% of the weight in the negative weight category and multiply the number by 18.5% to get a qualified percentage. Calculate the percentage of the counterweights lifting force like this: 18.5% is 10.1% of 54.3% left to be lifted by the pyramid workers, or .185 X 39
54.3%=10%. So, 35.6% of the weight of the beam or rafter was accounted for using the counterweights, and 54.3% of the weight of the beam or rafter was accounted for by using the indirect rope and pulley configuration needed to get to the top of the 43rd level storage area on the side of the unfinished pyramid itself. Once you get a percentage, subtract that from 100% and you will come up with 90% of the weight of the beam or rafter left to be accounted for or 6.5 tons. Once The Ancient Egyptian Stone Haulers had done all that, what do you think would've happened in the first stage of construction if the workers had indirectly connected the same rope and pulley configuration to the front of The Port Ramp Lifting Platform and to The Grand Gallery Trolley and gave the ropes to the pyramid workers facing the counterweight slopes at the top of the construction ramps enabling them to move the counterweights up The Port Ramp and External Pyramid Ramp's 8.5% slopes again? In any case they would've done the exact same thing as they had done when they were using the weight of The Port Ramp Lifting Platform and that of The Grand Gallery Trolley as a counterweight to the beams and rafters themselves. That would've given them a total of 64.5% 40
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of the weight of the counterweight that still needed to be reset. Then they would cut that number in half too due to the indirect rope and pulley configuration that was used by the pyramid workers to halve the loads. After that the workers would've multiplied the 32.2% of the weight of the beam or rafter from the positive weight category by the original 128.8% of the weight in the negative weight category and that would've given them a total of 41.4% of the weight that still needed to be factored into the mathematical equation. The wouldve subtracted the 41.4% of the weight of that counterweight from the original 128.8% to determine what the proper percentages of the counterweight's combined downward force is as compared to the, "would be" beam or rafter resting on the 8.5% slope of The Port Ramp and that of The External Pyramid Ramp. That meant that 87.4% of the counterweight's weight was being lifted by the rope and pulley configuration, and not by the pyramid workers themselves. That would've left them with a grand total of 12.6% of the weight of the beam or rafter or 7.9 tons that would've been needed to be lifted up so that the stone haulers could reset the counterweights in their trenches. As 41
opposed to the 11% or 6.5 tons it would've taken to move them up The Port Ramp and The External Pyramid Ramp. So, it would appear to me now that if it would've been easier to raise the 64.5% of the weight of the beams and rafters on the port ramp using a counterweight of 31.5 tons as it was opposed to having the 12.6% of the weight of the beam or rafter that would've needed to lift and indirectly reset the counterweights in their trenches or 7.5 tons. That would account for 87% vs. 90% and that adds up to be a 3% difference or 1.9 tons with each lift. Compared to the stone haulers who were standing at the top of The Port Ramp and Exterior Pyramid Ramp in the first stages of construction if they had attached a single set of six ropes indirectly around the front of the sleds or sledges at the base of the pyramid's construction ramps which in this case would've still left a staggering 54.3% of the weight of that beam or rafter that would've needed to be moved up the construction ramps by the pyramid workers without them having the full use of the 31.5 ton granite counterweights to help them out logistically! In this case that would've turned out to be an unremarkable weight difference of only 35.5% in favor of 42
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them using the counterweights as opposed to how it would've been for them if they didn't have a 31.5 ton counterweight to help lift the beams and rafters in the first stage of construction at all. My experiments also showed that you can't halve the total amount of weight on a counterweight with a mutual 26 degree slope on one end of the counterweight, and add the full amount of that weight on the other end of that counterweight and then connect the two of them together indirectly in the middle. Say for instance, "From the back of The Grand Gallery Trolley and around the front of The South Side Slide Lifting Platform." and have the counterweight reset itself with little effort by the pyramid workers anyway. It doesn't work that way if you use a two sided counterweight both on a 26 degree negative slope! Doing it that way is like taking two steps forward and one step back when lifting the beams and rafters, because the south side slide lifting platform would've only traversed half its designated glide slope when doing it that way. The Grand Gallery trolley itself would've done that exact same thing as the lifting platform would've done if the ropes were indirectly connected to that side of the counterweight.
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During the second stage of ceiling construction whichever side of the counterweight you put the loop around will have its weight cut in half, and it will only traverse half of its designated glide slope. The same thing goes when it came to pulling the beams and rafters up the 8.5% slopes of the port ramp and external pyramid ramp in the first stage of construction. Sure they mightve had a chance to double the length of the counterweight ropes with every pass of the counterweight if you looped the ropes around the counterweight's side, but in this case there would've only been a ratio of 19.3% of the weight of the beam or rafter that would've been accounted for using a counterweight rope, and pulley like that. That would've left them with 80.7% of the weight left of the beam or rafter to be lifted by the stone haulers of that time. My question is, "Had the Ancient Egyptian pyramid workers been able to move the 7.5 tons of weight that was still looming around in the negative weight category that was left over from the pyramid workers were raising or resetting the counterweights on The Port Ramp Lifting Platform and on The Grand Gallery Trolley during the first stage of counterweight construction?" I think that they probably would've been able to but if you do it Jean Pierre's way I'm also thinking that 44
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in the first stage of construction, "If the pyramid workers had to lift the beams and rafters 36 times, and reset the lift 72 times for each beam and rafter just to get them up to the bottom of the pyramid ramp. Then another 16 lifts and 32 resets to get them up to the storage area on level 43 and average of say, 7 tons for each lift being moved over a course of about 970 meters. First setting the counterweight and then moving the beams and rafters and then resetting them again. That's 52 lifts and 104 resets for each beam and rafter with a total of 65 beams and rafters. That's 5,200 meters of movement for each lift of the stone pillar over a combined course total of around nine hundred and seventy meters. That comes to a grand total of 3,380 sets of 6.5 tons over a course of 20 meters and another 6,760 resets of 7.5 tons over a course of 40 meters. That's 10,140 steps at an average lift of say 7 tons for each step, or the equivalent of moving 72.670 tons over a distance of 210 miles. That's 346 tons for every mile, or the equivalent of moving an elephant family of 3 over a distance of 3,632 miles or from New York City to Paris, France with their bare hands!" So, you have to stop and ask yourself, "How much does an elephant weigh?"
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In the first stage of the ceiling construction, if The Ancient Egyptian Construction Workers had anchored the beams and rafters directly to the front of the counterweights and then had the pyramid workers indirectly connect their ropes to the front of the sledge, or sledges carrying the beams and rafters they would've needed in order to utilize the full run of the counterweight's 40 meter glide path. During the second stage of the ceilings construction, The Ancient Egyptian workers would've needed a separate counterweight with a slope of the slide that was of a comparable amount to accomplish such an undertaking. Then they wouldve connected the two counterweights directly together and then you can lift that kind of weight.
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NEW COUNTERWEIGHT THEORY!
The best rope and pulley configuration to use during the first stage of the ceilings construction when the stone haulers were still resetting the counterweights by hand without the use of a counterweight to back them up wouldve involved the use of a single set of ropes that at first starting out wouldve been connected directly to the front side of the counterweight in question. Then, by taking those ropes and stringing them over to top of the logs separating the ropes from one another that were still strung over the top up above The Kings Burial Chamber, and then guided back over and around again to where they were connected indirectly to the front of the same counterweight. After that, they wouldve looped them under the logs that were separating the ropes from each other above The Kings Burial Chamber once again and then pulled on 47
the ropes from above The King's Burial Chamber to the south. I call this, The single rope and double pulley configuration. In order to find the correct percentage of the amount of weight that wouldve been needed to be lifted up in order to reset the counterweights in their trenches using this configuration the pyramid workers wouldve first had to take into account that they wouldve used not only just half the weight of the beam or rafter as a counterweight, but or 75% of the largest beams and rafters of 63 tons or 47.25 tons as a counterweight instead! With this new rope and pulley configuration the stone haulers wouldve had to of taken into account the full weight of this would be beam or rafter and put it into the negative category at 128.8% of the weight of the beam or rafter or that of 81 tons. That would've brought the negative weight category down in this case to 96.5% of the weight of the beam or rafter that would've still needed to be lifted by the workers. Cut that in half because of the indirect rope and pulley configuration leaving us with 48.3% of the weight of the, would be beam left over in the negative weight category because of the new rope configuration.
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They would've then cut that number in half also giving us 24% of 128.8% which comes out to be a total of 31% from the original 128.8% of the weight of one of the beams or rafters. So, subtract that from the original 128.8% to get a weight total of 97.8% of the weight of the counterweight being lifted when using this single rope configuration in order to reset the counterweight in its trench. When hauling one of the beams or rafters up the 8.5% grade of the pyramids construction ramps they wouldve been using the full 108.5% of the weight of the beams and rafters that was added on to the negative weight category. Cut that number in half because of the indirect rope and pulley system used by the workers to halve the loads leaving the usual 54.3% of the beam or rafter that still needed to be lifted up by the stone haulers. Then moving the beams and rafters up The Port Ramp, and The External Pyramid Ramp in the first stage of construction would be an absolute breeze! Considering that fact that 53.4% of the beam or rafter wouldve been accounted for when using of the weight of the beam or rafter as a counterweight. Stack that up against the 54.3% of the weight left over in the negative weight category once youve accounted 49
for the indirect rope and pulley configuration used by the workers to halve the counterweights load you have 1% of the weight of the beam or rafter needing to be factored into the equation by the workers of .54% or 99.5% of the weight of the beam or rafter being accounted for when moving the beams and rafters up the 8.5% grade. That's pretty awesome dont you think? During the second stage of construction The Ancient Egyptians needed a separate counterweight system. One that used the same slope of the slide as The Grand Gallery Trolley did. They would've also used the same amount of weight as they had on The South Side Lifting Platform in order to accomplish such an undertaking. Then you have to connect the two counterweights directly together and then they could lift that kind of weight. Anyway, my rope and pulley counterweight stone moving theory is this: The rope configuration shown in model counterweight video below demonstrates that they don't need to change the amount of weight that you use on either end of the counterweight. They should be as close as you can get to being the same amount of weight as the other one did So, that being said the best strategy for moving these large granite beams and rafters to the top of The King's Burial 50
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Chamber would be to use the heaviest weight or sixty three tons on each end, as for the 48 ton beams they could've been hoisted alongside the smaller beams and rafters or simply lifted in a cycle all of their own. Because of this, the best rope configuration would've been to connect both trolleys directly to each other. One on each end of the counterweight they would've been connected directly to the back of The South Side Lifting Platform, and on the other side they would've been connected directly to the back of The Grand Gallery Trolley itself. A separate set of ropes would have been anchored indirectly to the front of each one of the lifting platforms and pulled on in either direction leaving the workers with little to do as far as restringing the rope configuration before and after each lift was concerned. The counterweight's brake would've been used in the case that a rope should break. It would've stopped the counterweight from plummeting back down to the bottom of the slope in the case of an accident. So doing it this way it would be like taking the two separate weights of equal amounts both on a 26 degree slope and weighing them off against one another. So, by moving something up the 26 degree slope of The South Side Slide you would have to lift the entire 128.8% of the 51
weight of that beam or rafter so they would've added that on the negative weight category. On the other hand, this time we used 100% of the weight of the counterweight on The Grand Gallery Trolley's side along with the 28.8% slope of the slide giving them a positive force of 71.2%. So, that would've given them 71.2% of the weight of the beam or rafter over to the positive weight category just because of the fact that 100% of the weight of the counterweight would've been bearing down on the 26 degree slope of the slide of The Grand Gallery trench. Then they would've added on 128.8% of the weight of the beam or rafter over to the negative weight category because of the weight that the beams and rafters exert on The South Side Slide Lifting Platform. After that, they would've been able to attach their ropes indirectly around the front of both of the counterweights and then pull on them in either direction which was effectively cutting the weight in the negative weight category by half or 64.5% of the weight of that beam or rafter. That would make a difference of 6.8% multiply that by the original 64.5% of the weight in the negative weight category and you get 4.3% or 95.7% of the weight of the beams and rafters being lifted by the counterweight and the indirect rope and pul52
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ley configuration. That's 2.7 tons with each lift every time. As far as the counterweight rope configurations goes, it seems to me that this is the only viable rope, weight, and counterweight configuration made possible according to my experiments using this device as thus described. I call this configuration, The Cantilever Lifting Technique. As far as the beams and rafters go, I believe they wouldve dragged the smaller stones of around 2.5 tons up the stone ramps using wooden sleds but only because they wouldve have wanted one of those stones to come tumbling down the side of the pyramid on accident! It wouldve been much easier for them not to enclose the internal ramp but to leave the outer walls at the edge of the pyramid empty and level. Like the step pyramids that came before The Ancient Egyptians wouldve started out with a foundation and like making a wedding cake or something they wouldve started out adding layer upon layer, only this time, once they had finished with a layer they wouldve had to use ramps to move the blocks up to the next level. So they would add a layer of rock and with each new layer the workers wouldve created a temporary ramp to go along with it. Once they had made it all the way to the top of the pyramid they wouldve filled in the step area with the 53
flat facing stones starting at the very top of the construction and working their way down. This demonstrates the landing, the ramps, and the different levels of construction. This is the path that the stones traveled up the side of the pyramid through switch backs for the shortest route to the top, and below it shows how the temporary ramps were configured in order to complete the pyramids from form the top of the pyramid and working their way down to its base using nothing but thousands of incredibly beautiful lime stone blocks. This way they could use the same roller trains throughout construction without having to modify them. Plus it would've only required a very short external pyramid ramp of a 26 degree slope, not just 7 or 8 degrees. One of the first things that I would like to point out to you is elements of pyramid construction theories that have come before me and of whom I have extrapolated upon. The counterweight theories that I have come from the people that came before me. Like Jean-Pierre Houdin who received his ideas from people like his father. One of the first things that I would've liked to point out to you is the elements of the pyramids construction theories that have come before me and from chapter three 54
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in a book that was entitled, The Riddle of The Pyramids and was published back in 1974 by an American Author Kurt Mendelssohn. The book is about building pyramids all around the world but in this chapter called, The Unsolved Problems He talked about The Great Pyramid Khufu which according to me sounds like a referral to an inner passageway leading up from the inner rooms of the pyramid that were all sealed up by the priest or workers, but only after they had successfully finishing The Kings Burial Chamber and didnt have any way of getting back out again. Even the empty sarcophagus was too large to have been placed in the chamber again. In the chapter except for if it were done while the pyramids inner chambers were still under construction. This interesting quote that was from the book that was written by this American author is as follows, Although the existence of the ascending passage in Khufus pyramid was revealed only when the Caliph Mamuns battering rams caused the concealing roof slab to fall, the robbers of the Intermediate Period would have known of another access to The Kings chamber. They seem to have make use of it 3000 years before the Caliph. In order to allow escape of the workmen who had originally sealed the ascending passage from within, a 55
narrow shaft had been constructed which connects the bottom of The Grand Gallery with the unused subterranean tomb chamber. The Men who would've left last then allowed a prepared block of limestone to drop into its place so as to cover the entrance to the shaft from the Grand Gallery. Probably the shaft itself as well as the underground chamber was subsequently filled with masonry. The block concealing the tip of the shaft is now missing and one might suspect that the ancient thieves removed the missing and one might suspect that the ancient thieves removed the masonry and then ascended through that shaft into the sealed interior. Frank Steiger who recently passed back on July 29th, 2010 had a theory debunking the mud ramp theory. Basically what he used were ramps that joined one layer to another level starting at the base creating a foundation with stone blocks layer upon layer until the pyramid began to take shape. Once one layer was complete after that they wouldve made a temporary construction ramp perpendicular the level of construction that they were working on using the step, or shelf left over as the pyramids horizontal levels as they steadily decreased in size and thus causing the slanted, Pyramid effect. 56
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THE ABSOULUTE TRUTH
There's a green line that wouldve indicated the foundations base line which was located below the pyramid and would've run level the full length of the pyramid and in relation to the exact size and shape of the construction ramp that the workers would've had to of been using to go along with the percentage angle or degree of the counterweight in The Grand Gallery in order to move the beams and rafters that were not only to build The King's Burial Chamber, but also for The Queen's Burial Chamber. Red right angled triangles would've marked the ramps themselves that were built and are also identical to one another in relation to their own surroundings such as 57
that of The Grand Gallery Trolley, The King and Queen Burial Chambers, and also of that in relation to one another while at the same time it would still allowed The Ancient Egyptians to raise the monolith beams and rafters up the side of the pyramid with relative ease. They would've all had to of been of the same relative size because they would've had to of all been accommodated by the single counterweight that was located on the inside The Grand Gallery. Yellow indicated a lifting platform that would've run on top of a roller train that was of a comparable size and shape as to the one built into The Grand Gallery itself. These ramps were perfectly suited for moving large beams and rafters from the ground level to the ceiling above The King and Queens Burial Chamber by having them chocked to the front of the lifting platforms that were resting in place up on top of the roller train as the pyramids construction rose in its height. This way the counterweight workers couldve used the same roller trains throughout the entire construction of the interior without having to modify them. Plus, it wouldve only required a very short external pyramid ramp of a 26 degree slope, not just 7 or 8 degrees. Moving all of these blocks from the bottom of the pyramids ramps using all four sides of the structure to mount wooden ramps on, I 58
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think they wouldve used a series of switchbacks to get the construction stones up to the level of the pyramid that was being built at that time. I think also, the same way that Frank Stieger did about the pyramid that they would've completed the outer casing stones made of white Tura Limestone starting at the top of the structure. Stacking the blocks next to one another steadily removing the temporary ramp after each tier of the pyramid that was completed with a beautiful row of Tura white limestone casing stones that were chiseled flat on all sides once the pyramids temporary construction ramps swirling down from the top of the pyramid all the way down and around to the bottom of The Great Pyramid had been subsequently removed. Descending around the outer most exterior rung of the pyramids construction following the same path all along the way from the very top to the bottom of the pyramid removing the ramps and completing the pyramid from the top down using no internal ramp of any kind. Now, The Grand Gallery itself is 153 feet long and is at 26 degree slope facing to the south. It rests at its base at approximately the 20 meter level mark of the interior of the structure and below that is a room that's known as The Queens Burial Chamber. The rafters in this antechamber are immense! Even though the room 59
itself doesnt contain a flat ceiling like the one above it the rafters here are holding a tremendous amount of weight thats resting from above its rafters. In fact these rafters must have been put into place using a counterweight system designed to be used the same way that they created the rafters above The Kings Burial Chamber. Now if you will notice that if you took the entire structure of The Grand Gallery and doubled its size and length of 153 feet or 46.5 meters making it twice as long it would normally have extended itself all the way down to the ground level of the pyramid exactly. Now, think about what it might have looked like if The Ancient Egyptians had used a counterweight that was operated using this counterweight rope configuration that we had discussed earlier on in chapter 6 called the single rope and double pulley system. That would allow them to have the full length of the roller train to lift these rafters that are built there but the question is, How did the rafters get there? What wouldve happened in that case is that they would've used a single counterweight that had the same roller train and the same slope of the slide and the rope configurations that they used to affectively reset the counterweights while using just ropes alone! They also 60
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rolled the same beams and rafters that were going to be needed in order to construct the five relieving chambers that were built directly above The Kings Burial Chamber and then had they moved up to the same level as the rafters of The Queens chamber were at. Which at that time was located on the same level as the roller train itself was at and that would've guided them all the way to the top using the inner walls of its inner track. Then, they wouldve continued on building the pyramid in an upward fashion starting at the 21st or 22nd meter level or at the same level as the top of The Queens Burial Chamber had been at. They would've then raised the beams and rafters up to the higher levels of the pyramid starting at the 43rd meter level while using The South Side Lifting Platform which at that time was the exact same length and height as The Grand Gallery Trolley would've been at that time. That meant that the full run of the south side slide's roller train could've been utilized along the way when they were lifting the beams and rafters into position above The King's Burial Chamber.
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THE WHAT AND WHERE OF THE WAY IT WAS MADE
As for the actual structure, make-up, and functionality of five separate pieces that go together on each side of the two counterweight systems you must first start with the roller train itself. One of these roller trains in and of itself wouldve been made up of hundreds of different pieces that had to fit together in a seamless fashion with the accuracy and continuity that The Ancient Egyptians were so famous for, and so talented at. Jean Pierre Houdin suggests that there were 28 rolling logs made for each one of the counterweight lifts, and that they all had the same length in their glide slope. I do think thats what happened because of the fact that when you connect ropes to the back of a counterweight trolley you must consider the fact that its going 62
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to be connected on the other side by ropes between the two counterweights! Because of that, the roller train wouldve remained the same but the length of The Grand Gallery must have been greater or longer than that of the 26 degree internal/external construction ramp that weve talked so much about that was in three sections. I say this because there must be a certain amount of slack in the vertical angle of the ropes on The Grand Gallery Trolleys side because if there wasnt any, the back end of the trolley wouldve stood up on its front end. Remember earlier where we talked about there being a difference in the lifting abilities when you connect the ropes to the front end of The Grand Gallery Trolley? Thats the reason along with the fact that the angle of the ropes incline in order to string the ropes back over the other end wouldve been much too deep of a cut. The point is that the roller train wouldve been of the same size but the length of the slide that it rode upon compared to the length of its glide slope on the incline plain of The Grand Gallery wouldnt have been the same. The Grand Gallery wouldve been longer to accommodate the leaner cut in the angle of the ropes that bound the two sections together. Talking about the ballast weight we run into an interesting dilemma. 63
If they had used a single slope on the south side of the pyramid that reached from the ground up to the 64th meter level the ballast weight configuration mustve been allowed space beneath and behind the roller train instead of it just being behind it like it was in The Grand Gallery. So, another rolling log mustve been employed that would be at the base of the construction ramp. One at the bottom of the ramp underneath the roller train, and a second at the top. Then, they mustve connected the rope that was fitted to the ballast weight to the back side of the roller train that wouldve slide along inside of the enclosed sided 26 degree construction ramp, and then back down again. That way the ballast weight would maintain tension is the same manner as it did in The Grand Gallery. The rolling logs that were to fit inside the guided frame of the roller train wouldve had to of been perfectly rounded to the same exact diameter completely through on both sides where they rested on the runners of the incline plane, and each one wouldve had to of matched up perfectly in order to assure that the rolling logs would be affective and not useless when moving the lifting platform or counterweight that was being used. 64
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These rolling logs begin to lessen in the size of its diameter with use, so they have to be repaired or replaced after a certain number of lifts in order to keep the roller train up and running. If the dowels that separated the rolling logs were out of alignment one way or the other the rolling logs wouldve bound up stopping the trolley in its place and the same thing happens also when they arent all of the same exact diameter because they wouldve bound up too. So, this was no easy task. It had to be done perfectly. The same thing goes when it came time to construct the lifting platforms. If the bottom skids that ran on top the rolling logs were too wide or werent in the exact alignment, and height in the groove as the one next to it the roller train would not budge. It would freeze up and stop the roller train dead in its tracks! Thats why its especially important that you get it right if youre going to connect the ropes to the back end of the lifting platform. The reason being that it has a tendency to pull upwards on the back end forcing the front of the skids on the lifting platform into the rolling logs and also binding up and stopping the counterweight lift in its track. For them to have been able to use the rope configurations that are being described to 65
be effective, both sides of the counterweight wouldve had to have two logs that separated the ropes one behind the other on the front end of the trolleys that would allow the very front of it a permanent rolling log to anchor ropes directly to and for the front of the trolley and also one just behind that for the ropes to fit around in an indirect manner. Two sets of ropes wouldve had to work independently of each other using both the single rope and double pulley system and also when using the cantilever lifting technique. The problem with connecting ropes the front end of a counterweight is that it raises the front end and can cause derailment of the trolley and the load could fall over. Thats why its important to connect ropes not only to the front of the lifting platform but also to the back when cantilevering instead of just one or the other and thats why there must be a gap of at least the full length of the trolley above the top of the roller train inside The Grand Gallery. Another reason to connect them to the back is as I had said, because of the length of the counterweights glide slope effecting the lifting abilities of the counterweight system. On the other hand, the south side slide lifting platform mustve been able to ride all the way to the 66
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top of its intended glide slope to allow for the load and off load of the counterweights, beams, rafters, or anything else that they mayve needed to lift. I also think that the lifting platform on the south side wouldve been twice as wide as the one in The Grand Gallery to insure the ability to fit more than one beam, rafter or counterweight and also to supply the stability thats needed to lift these objects with complete confidence that theyre not going to tip over! If that happened inside the grand gallery the walls wouldve prevented it from turning completely over, but the construction ramp on the south side mayve not been lined that well.
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THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO
Please understand that if performing this operation while using Jean-Pierre Houdins rope and weight distribution theories that The Ancient Egyptians must have started out the 43rd meter level and used several split up actuations that were needed to raise the beams and rafters. If they had done it that same way the roller trains themselves wouldve had to be completely redesigned and remanufactured after the completion of every relieving chamber to allow for the height of the relieving chambers, and that's not even to mention what Jean Pierre Houdin had described as being the External Pyramid Ramp. That didnt happen. They wouldve just used a single rope and pulley system that would've been used in order to raise the monolith 68
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pillars of stone up to the level of the rafters that were for The Queens Chamber and then finishing the ceiling that would've been needed for that particular burial chamber, and after that, the workers wouldve built the pyramid up to the 43rd meter level along with The Grand Gallery itself. They would've been able to use The Grand Gallery Trolley as a brand new counterweight to The South Side Slides Lifting Platform counterweight and wouldve been including it the whole way up. Continuing on the guided roller train and the trolley's glide path it would've continued on upwards with the raising of this brand new pyramid. The glide path was used for the lifting platform had become longer than the roller trains ability in order to keep up due to its lack of length as compared to the roller train? In any case The Ancient Egyptians wouldve just chocked the lifting platform right in place at the rear of the lifting platform or from behind it while starting out from below the counterweight or under the roller train itself at appropriately the same height or level of the pyramids construction that had been achieved by the workers up to that point. There would've been three stopping points along the way. One was on the level of the entrance to the pyramid and that of the ceiling to The Queen's Burial Chamber and the next level that 69
would've been at the 43rd meter level storage area. Then, the last level doled out was located at the top of the different intervals that would've matched the level of the relieving chamber under construction. The Grand Gallery Trolley itself wouldve done all the heavy lifting from the very start and continued on all the way up to the finish at the 64th meter level without ever descending the entire length of the glide slope which could've continued on all the way from the base of the pyramid all the way to the top of the 64th meter level. The same level as the completion of the five different relieving chambers. No long external pyramid ramp like Jean Pierre had needed to move the monolith beams and rafters up to the higher levels of pyramid, but only for the one extendable ramp which was itself at a 26 degree angle which started out at the base of the pyramid and would've also continued on upward where it was eventually long enough to stretch to the top of the 64th meter level. They wouldve used a single roller train that could've easily of been chalked into place from behind which wouldve allowed it to ascend the corridor with relative ease while carrying the weight of the stone masonry. The Ancient Egyptians also required to build such a 70
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stone structure. The average weight of a beam that related the five different relieving chambers were all around the 45 ton range each! The Rafters on the other hand only weighed 21 tons each. They would've done it this way because they could stack three rafters one at a time on the lift being at a Constant 63 tons while at the same time with the counterweight in The Grand Gallery of 48 tons is the amount of weight that could've been lifted by the double rope and pulley configuration. They could've mixed and matched the other beams and rafters when they were moving them upwards on the lifting platform at the same time. There are forty three different beams that support and segregate all of the five relieving chambers that are all located above The Kings Burial Chamber, and starting out at the top rung one of the pyramid and while working their way downwards from the first tier all the way down to where the rafters were at constitute the fifth level that the relieving chambers started out at, and listed from left to right there are eight beams that are all stacked neatly against one another stretching 10 meters from one side to the ceiling to the next. The first beams weighs around 63.2 tons continuing on from left to right the next beam is 36.1, 55.6, 38.8, 40.6, 31.6, 24.8, and 63.6 tons in that order. 71
Below that we have nine more starting out on the left with a beam that is 37.3, 33.9, 33.9, 51, 46.2, 51, 2701, 28.4, and rounding off the fourth row would be the last one on the right hand side of 55.3 tons. Traveling downwards once again we start out from the left with 463.5, 51, 31.6, 43.4 47.4, 47.4, 47.4 and 56 tons. The second row from the bottom starts out with 47.9, 40.2, 39.5, 51.5, 47.4, 49.7, 43.4, and 44.3 tons allowing plenty enough room for nine more beams that form the actual ceiling inside The Kings Burial Chamber starting out with the one on the left as being 51, 61, 55.6 , 36.1, 45.2, 51, 52.8, 40.6, and 36.1 tons. All of them come in a variety of shapes and sizes and only being chiseled into a flat side on three sides. The top of them are rounded and unfinished because what would've been the point in flattening them? The Kings Chamber itself measures roughly 5.8 meters high, by 5.3 meters wide, by 10.5 meters long. There are 22 rafters that were used by The Egyptians all of a weight value of around 21.5 tons comparable to one third the lifting power of that of The South Side Slide Lifting Platform. Which allowed the workers to lift all three of the rafters for The King's Chamber at the same time using a 63 ton counterweight in The Grand Gallery, and of 72
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course all three of them combined would've weighed more than The Grand Gallery Trolley itself would've but that just kept the rafters from moving up the slopes in an uncontrolled manner. While at the same time there were a few more unexplained questions that I had regarding to Jean- Pierre's Houdin's Internal Ramp Theory. Mostly regarding the photos that had been created by using Assault Systemes computer animated software including ones that showed where the workers neatly lining up casing stones at the corners of the pyramid stacked one upon the other. Then if you looked at the same picture you would've noticed how the outer blocks were being exactly positioned at the corners of the pyramid for what he says is for, "The exact alignment of the whole geometry of the entire pyramid." Then in another picture depicting the corner of the pyramid at the level of the internal ramp, and my question is, "How could've they possibly managed to fill in the void at the corners at the level of the internal ramp once the pyramid workers had completed the job? How would've they been able to do that?" Please take note because doesn't anyone else ask these questions? It wouldve been much easier for them if they had not 73
enclosed the internal ramp but if they had left the outer walls open at the edges and the side of the pyramid empty and level. Like the step pyramids that came before The Ancient Egyptians wouldve started out with a foundation and like as if they were making a wedding cake or something like that which they wouldve started out at its foundation adding layer upon layer, only once they had finished with a layer they wouldve had to use temporary ramps to move the blocks up to the next level. So they would add a layer of rock with each level they wouldve created a temporary ramp that would go along with the construction of the pyramid. Once they had made it all the way to the top of the pyramid they wouldve filled that in and left the stepped area for the outer level's flat limestone casing stones that wouldve started out at the very top of the pyramid's construction and after that by working their way down to the bottom again the workers would've completed the outer layer of the pyramid working from the top down. It wouldve looked something like this: Imagine in your mind an image demonstrated in yellow where the landing is located on one level to where it meets up with the level above it and the top of another ramp that was directly above that one that's adjacent to the top level that's above the level that they were 74
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working at, and red represented the temporary construction ramps that were removed by workers as the pyramid had progressed in a downward spiral. Brown indicated the different levels that were under construction. This is the path that the stones haulers traveled up the side of the pyramid through switch backs for the shortest route to the top, and then below that where it shows how the temporary construction ramps were configured to complete the pyramid form the top down with beautiful lime stone casing blocks!
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THREE STAGES TO THE FINAL CHAPTER
My thing is, there is no internal ramp. Look at it like this: If you could get a good birds eye view from the top down and imagine that in red were the temporary construction ramps as they were being represented in that particular color and the flat layers of the step pyramid wouldve been displayed as being brown and light brown, and the landing's themselves at the top of the construction ramps that were all designated in yellow. In this same picture in your mind where the landings were in yellow and one of these landings coincide with Jean Pierre Houdin's, "Bobs Room" as you could tell, the casing blocks would have been put into placement so perfectly starting with the top one, because all the workers would've had to do was to remove the tempo76
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rary inverted ramp, and slide one of the blocks next to the one behind it. Just like that! So not only did they build the pyramids from the inside out but they also completed its outer workings from the top down, and by the way? How far up on the pyramid is Bob's room and does it coincide with the alignment of Jean Pierre Houdin's Internal Ramp theory because I had looked for the information but I couldn't find it anywhere so I don't know First step would've started off at the base of the pyramid when construction was just underway on the project. Once they had worked their way up to the 21st level with the 26 degree ramp they would've begun to move the beams and rafters for both The King and The Queens Burial Chambers, but also for the main entrance to the pyramid on the east side. That way they could construct the slanted roof over the main entrance to the pyramid as well. Which is located on its east side at around the 21st meter level, and continued on moving the beams and rafters that weighted between 27 and 48 tons, (Or in that general vicinity.) up to the top level of the first phase in the construction of moving the beams and rafters up to the 21st meter level storage area by using the single 77
rope and double pulley system so in the second stage of construction while using this 26 degree external/internal ramp, and the rope and pulley system, plus the combined weight of 63 ton counterweight in The Grand Gallery the construction method wouldve started after the completion of The Grand Gallery counterweight which started out at the base of the 21st meter level where all the beams and rafters below 48 tons were waiting to be lifted into the next level of counterweight glide path for the second stage of lifting them up to the 43rd meter level. Using the same rope and pulley configuration and a counterweight load of say 32 tons they would've been able to provide enough weight in order to reset the 63 ton counterweight located inside The Grand Gallery. That means when the lifting platform was at the very top of its track in the second stage of construction at the 43rd meter level. In order to have it reset The Grand Gallery Trolley once it had taken up a full actuation to cover that much distance on the south side lifting platforms run downward from start to finish. That would leave it back down at ground level so they would take up 4 of the 16 ton rafters with the cantilever lifting technique and then take a 48 ton beam and raise it up to the 21st meter level storage area along with a 16 ton counterweight using a 63 ton counterweight in The Grand Gallery. 78
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This wasn't going to be a problem for The Egyptians because once they considered that's how far beam could've traveled before running out of space in order to reset The Grand Gallery trolley so the only other option for them was to wait until the Grand Gallery Trolley counterweight was finally completed and the pyramid stood at the 43rd meter level in order for them to have moved the beam that weighted over 48 tons any further up the 26 degree construction ramp. The Ancient Egyptians would've just started out with a 63 ton counterweight in The Grand Gallery for this second stage of the ceilings counterweight construction resetting and cantilevering the small beams that weighed around 48 tons up to level 43. Then for the larger beams and also for the 21 ton rafters they wouldve then added on 63 tons into or on top of The Grand Gallery Trolley. After that they would just cantilevered the beams up to the 43rd meter storage level using the same process all over again when moving the beams and rafters into the ceiling above The Kings Burial Chamber unti l they were finally ready to install the rafters. They weigh about 21 tons each so 3 of them could travel all the way from the 43rd meter level up to their final destination 79
allowing The lifting platform to go back down with the 16 ton rafters because they wouldve been used as counterweight blocks in order to reset The Grand Gallery Trolley for the next lift until it was completed. That's how you can find 63 ton beams that were at the very top of the last level of the relieving chambers that was below the rafters themselves by using The Cantilever Lifting Technique. Then the 21 ton rafters would've been raised in three's and had just been installed one at a time resetting the lifting platform with each lift using the single rope and double pulley system using a 32 ton counterweight to the 63 ton counterweight in The Grand Gallery. Once again using the cantilever lifting technique to hoist up the return counterweight blocks that effectively wouldve rest The Grand Gallery Trolleys 63 ton counterweight!
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ULTIMATELY DECIDED UPON
Trying to offset one side of the counterweight against the other allowing for huge amounts of weight to be lifted with brute strength alone by achieving a balance of both sides of the counterweight to be as close to the same amount of weight as there was on the other side. I also had mentioned earlier about connecting the counterweights directly together. If you connect the counterweights directly together from the front of the south side lifting platform then run those lines over and connect them directly to the back of The Grand Gallery Trolley you can utilize the full length of the space required to form a reset of the counterweight in one pass of the glide slope.
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What needs to happen in order to accomplish this is for the workers to use ropes that are indirectly connected to front side of the south side lifting platform along with the rope used while using the single rope and double pulley system for a rope configuration. Now, we move on to the weight aspect of the situation. Ive found that using a counterweight that weighs only half as much as the 63 tons on The Grand Gallery Trolley, connecting the two directly together, and then stringing the single rope and double pulley lifting system as a rope configuration it would work out perfectly. The center rung of the tower above the counterweight trenches that separate the ropes from one another wouldve allowed the ropes to pass cleanly through the both of them working smoothly with the single rope and double pulley rope configuration because the ropes that were connected directly to the separate counterweights never cross in one section in the back of the tower where the ropes wouldve been able to weave between each other were as, due to the fact that both sets of ropes must have been directly attached to the front of the south side lifting platform. So, they wouldve connected the rope directly to the front of the south side lifting platform over to the back 82
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of The Grand Gallery Trolley through the center of the two rolling logs that separated the ropes from one another located above the counterweight trenches. These towers wouldve been taller than a person because that wouldve allowed the workers to guide the single rope that they needed to pull on in order to move the lifting platform, or The Grand Gallery Trolley when it was in need of a reset through the bottom of the tower. So in other words the tower was tall enough for the ropes that connected the two sides of the counterweight together to pass over head, and having the single rope that was connected both directly and indirectly to the front of the counterweight in question and at a height that the workers could easily pull on them from above the counterweight glide slopes or what we call, The Interior/Exterior Pyramid Construction Ramp which traveled at a 26 degree angle from the base of the pyramid on up to the very top of the 64th meter level above The Kings Burial Chamber. These ropes wouldve passed under the towers and through to where to workers would stand at the top of the trenches with the ropes that connected the two directly together riding over their heads and since the tower that guided the ropes in back of the workers 83
didnt need workers on the other side of it pulling of the rope because of the fact that there was plenty of room between the towers for the workers to use in order to stand in line and pull on the ropes. Same concept as when a boat or fairy cross a body of water using a rope strung from one side to the next. Same principle, but only between the towers. One in at the top and in front of the south side lifting platform and the other just above The Grand Gallery. No workers were needed north of The Grand Gallery as Jean Pierre had suggested. Once you consider that, you must decide how much weight can you pull with a certain number of people? Then decide thats going to be 4 or 5% of the actual weight that you are going to lift after you do the math and you find out thats how the percentage of something you can lift using the cantilever lifting technique. So if 4 or 5% is all you can move of something then you must consider that times 4.5%. So say they could lift 2.7 of something using brute strength alone. Whatever that might be. It could be 2.7 pounds, it could be ounces, and it could even be tons. After that consider that youve done the math for the cantilever lifting technique and found that you can lift all but 4.28% of something than you can lift 4.28% of what? In this case 2.7. 84
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So 2.7 is 4.28% of what? The answer is 63, or in this case 63 tons. It works with any denomination. Anyway, back to the math at hand. First we should go over how to properly use the single rope and double pulley system because when using half the weight of the 63 ton counterweight it actually lessens the load needed to be lifted by the pyramid workers when resetting The Grand Gallery Trolley or when lifting a beam that weighs around 48 tons. So in order to find out how much weight is needed in order to lift a certain load you first must start out with the rope configuration and the weight of the load that you want to lift. Considering that we want to use the amount of weight of the counterweight when using the single rope and double pulley system, and since there are two pulleys involved we take half and then half again leaving 24.2%. So, on the other side of the counter weight we want to find out what percent of the total amount of weight in the positive weight category. If it were 100% of the weight that you want to lift you subtract the 24.2 from that would be possible or 75.8% of the total 63 tons you get 47.7 tons. So, the optimum amount of weight that they couldve managed to lift is 48 of whatever it wouldve been that 85
they were attempting to lift. So, in other words in order to lift the maximum amount of weight possible you would using a 26 degree counterweight with a double rope and pulley system you could lift 48 tons in this case. That being said, if we want to lift the full 128.8% of the 63 tons using the single rope and double pulley system in order to reset the 63 tons on The Grand Gallery Trolley you must first divide 128.8% by 4 because of the two different pulleys being used and you get 32.2%. Once again 71.2% subtract 32.2% is 39% of 128.8% or another way of saying it is 39% of 81.1 tons and you get somewhere around 31.6 or in this case 32 tons. Now we must consider that 63 tons minus 48 tons of which most of the beams weigh is 16 tons. That means that you could lift 4 16 ton counterweights in one pass and using two of them to reset the 63 ton counterweight using the cantilever lifting system, and after that lift a 48 ton rafter alongside another 16 ton counterweight. That would mean that there were now 3 16 ton counterweight blocks located on the upper tier of the counterweight lift. Just enough to reset the full weight of the 63 ton counterweight in The Grand Gallery 1 times. So, a single counterweight lift using a beam of 48 tons alongside a 16 ton counterweight block couldve 86
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been used side by side in one single lift allowing for 2 more 32 ton counterweight resets of The Grand Gallery Trolley which also turned out to be half that of The Grand Gallery Trolleys weight while at the same time using the single rope and double pulley system. In order for the beams and rafters to be pulled on by the workers from between the two towers above the trenches after they had connected two counterweights directly together with another set of ropes that wouldve operated separately from those ones that were directly connected together allowing the workers a total reset of the counterweight in question. So, just how much weight will the single rope and double pulley system require the workers to lift when resetting The Grand Gallery Trolley using 32 ton counterweights? Well, we just consider like we always did that the full 128.8% divided by 4 because of the rope configuration comes to 32.2% of half the weight in the positive category of 71.2% leaving the same 35.5% subtract the two and you have 3.4% of the negative 32.2% for a total of 99% of the weight of the 63 ton counterweight being lifted by the operating system at the time. The 48 ton beams couldve still been lifted in a cycle of their own. Same as before.
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So they would start out at the ground level moving the rafters for The Queens Chamber up to that level in the construction of the pyramid. After completing The Grand Gallery they would cantilever 4 16 ton counterweights to the first storage area on or around the 21st meter level. For the second stage of lifting them to the 43rd meter level they would lower the south side lifting platform all the way to the ground, scoop up a 48 ton beam alongside a 16 ton counterweight, resetting The Grand Gallery Trolley with 2 16 ton counterweight blocks. Thats half as much. It seem kind of funny how everything adds up to 63 tons doesnt it? Theres 3 21 ton rafters, 48 ton beams with one 16 ton counterweight block, and 4 16 ton blocks all add up to 63. A perfect balance between the two halves of Khufus Counterweights!
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Kurt Burnum
ABOUT THE AUTHOR Born in Ely, Nevada Kurt Burnum grew up in small town atmosphere not far from Salt Lake City Utah. Graduating from White Pine High School in 2002 he lead the life of a Blackjack Dealer in The Northeastern Nevada Casinos such as the Hotel Nevada and Gambling Hall in Downtown Ely. Currently living in the high desert of Southern California he resides with his Wife and Life Long Partner Celeste and six year old Cat Gabriel.
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Kurt Burnum

Khufus Counterweights! Revised Edition Written By Kurt Burnum

Copyright 2013 Kurt Burnum All rights reserved.

LOGISTICS AND STRUCTURE.........14

COUNTERWEIGHT THEORY DEBUNKED....29

NEW COUNTERWEIGHT THEORY....47

THE ABSOLUTE TRUTH...57

WHAT AND WHERE OF THE WAY IT WAS MADE...62

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO..68

THREE STAGES TO THE FINAL CHAPTER...76

ULTIMATELY DECIDED UPON....81

BUILDING PYRAMIDS THROUGH DOCUMENTARIES!

LOGISTICS AND STRUCTURE

COUNTERWEIGHT THEORY DEBUNKED!

NEW COUNTERWEIGHT THEORY!

THE ABSOULUTE TRUTH

THE WHAT AND WHERE OF THE WAY IT WAS MADE

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO

THREE STAGES TO THE FINAL CHAPTER

ULTIMATELY DECIDED UPON

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