Manifesto of Emancipation (Urdu Translation)

(Manifesto of Emancipation)
(University of Quebec, Canada)
(Marxian Concept of Capital & the "
( Paresh Chattopadhyay)
"
" "
"
"
"
(Manifesto of Emancipation)
(Distribution of Production in Socialist Society)
(Significance of Wage)
2010
(Labour and Division of Labour)
(basic
Soviet Experience)
"2000 " University of Massachusetts
"
( http://marxmyths.org/paresh-chattopadhyay/index.php )
(" wage or salary system)
"
"
concepts)
"
" (associated) "
(Marxian science)
( quotations)
( bold letters)
(opposite position)
( 1,2,3)
" 1
" 1875
'
"
'

"
)
"9
"
1
'
')
1891
3

'
'
'
) 1864:(First International
First International
' '
" "
" "
General German Workers
) (draft program
1849
"
)(dialectically
)(International Workingmen Association
) (social mode

"
)(product of labour
) Factors

'
)(nature
'
) (2
)(production
1871
( )
1871
)(labour process
)(Manifesto
) (individually
("
)) (factors(
(1) League of Just (2) Communist Correspondence Committee
) (process
( ) (production
commune
)(apply
' )(Communist League
):(mode of production

) :(Paris Commune
"
) 1847 (Communist Manifesto 1848
"
) (Communist Manifesto
)1875:(Critique of the Gotha Program
Brussels ) (merger
4
Association Social Democratic Workers Party ) (merger
) (Friedrich Engels: 1820 1895
)(theoretical breakthroughs
"
"
( )(2
: )(Karl Marx: 1818 1883
)(1
"
"
)(marginal notes
' '

)(serf
'
' )(Means of production
)' (totality
)) (means
' '

'
)' labour
11
"
) (allocation and distribution

"
)10( "
12
(wage

13
) (followers
"
14
'
) analysis
):(Labour
12
) (producer needs

14
' '
'
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(critical
)(means of subsistence
means of subsistence
(social
) ( )
)(production needs
) (natural & social expression )(two aspect ' ' qualitative aspect
' '
"
)(abolished
' '
use value
[ 26 ''
) (price
)(autonomous relations
) (
) (social institute
)(Marxian concept of state
) (social relation
)(consist
1847
) SNLT] (socially necessary labour time-SNLT
)(consume
) :(state
) (money
) (form of value ) (exchange value
'
' ' quantative aspect ) (medicine

'
) :(value
) (socialist ideology
)] (means of production
)(society s total products:
13
) :(Ferdinand Johann Gottlieb Lassalle : 1825 - 1864
1849
) expression
11
) (three volumes
) (means of labour
] [

)'(wage labour and capital
"
)" :(Das Capital
10
85
)(medium of wage
):(capitalism
) (
" )(Engels, Anti Durhing- 1894
)(Labour & Division of Labour

"
"
17
18
) :(Inorganic life
19
20
20
22
1859
18
"
"

"
) (Estranged Labour
inorganic life
'
"19 1861
" )
) : (Use value ) : (Use value
)(organ
) (Estranged Labour
)(natural property
' ) (plough
'
)(Enconomic and Philosophical Manuscrpt 1844
17
) (Labour process
"
http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/111gotha.html
inorganic

) : (A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy
( "21
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) (May 1875
16
16
1844
15
15
'
)(discover

""To discover the various uses of things is the work of history
)(social development & historical
((basic use value
) (labour process
21
22
):(commodity

"
)(create
) (goods & services )

)(servant
"
) (use value
commodity
"
)(direct social
"
"

30
( barter
"
" ) (commodity
) (production
"
"
derived
)(dicover
)(Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy- 1859

"
) (uses
) (commodity form
) (1 ) (2
"23)"
"
)x (production
)
(B
indirect relation
) (money
)(direct
23
24
27
) :(Material wealth
29
"24
27
"28
) Y X (individual needs
)(Labour hours
10000
)
'
'
- (
48
) (aggregate of production relations
) (senses

satisfy want
25
) :(social labour
) (volume 1)
) (Das capital 1894) (volume 3
money
"
29
) satisfy (wants
28
)(Das capital - 1867
" "
25
26
"
"
"
"
"
"
26
"
)(Wage, Price & Profit
) (isolation
) :(socially necessary labour
"
"
34
socialiy necessary labour time SNLT

"
"
30
" 32
"
31
32
34
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)(

SNLT

) (time
"
) 10 ( SNLT
33
'
'
cost
) (standard
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"34

) (innovation
) (competition
)(Part: Commodity
)(Theories of Surplus Value
) (Das Capital
)(Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy- 1859
" " )(medium

):(Elimination of Capital
) (2
" 31"
33
10

30
software
8
"
) (1
)(social contact
) (3
) (social labour
Fetishism of Commodities

'

'

"
35
"
"
" 36
) "subordination

"
)
35
certificate

36
37
) :(Class
"

) (exploitation

"
) (
" ) (
( "
)(appropriate
" " 44
) (rulers and being ruled
38
) (social position
Comments of James Mills Elements of Political Economy:
1821 Elements of Political Economy

39
40
41
42
43
1844
) (comments
' ' ) (bourgeois right
) (
Haves and Have-nots

)(producers
) (higher phase
39
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(enslaving
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)(concept of class
"41
42
"38
"
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) (dealer
"
"43
(37
"40
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" )
1844
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"47
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51

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45
46
47
48
49
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'
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) (Theories of Surplus Value)(volume III
256
')(class society
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'
) (
) (private capitalism
72
)(producers
) (production relation
) (state capitalism
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" 53
(Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy- 1859
" "
: )(appendix I: Production
"50
) (social aspect
(Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy- 1859
)(personal dependence
"
" 48
: )(appendix I: Production
) :(class society
52
"
) (volume I) (Das Capital )(7th Chapter
52
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/03/list.htm
"49
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53
51
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44
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"54
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54
55

56
'
58
59
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58
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" ) (
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60
)(Communism and Private Property
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Adam Smiths Labour as Sacrifice:
"
) (political economy
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Adam Smiths Labour as Sacrifice:
) :(higher phase of association
) (two phases
"
"
' )(Grundrisse-1953
)(Big Industry and Contradiction
Grundrisse 1953

"
56
" ) (association of free individual

60
' 59
"
)(Grundrisse-1953
Wealth of Nations
) :(Adam Smith: 1723 1790

57
'
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" 57
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applicable
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)(Significance of Wage Labour
61 ) (concept of wage

)

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66
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'
'

63
66
1955
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67
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45 1844
1863
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Anarchist
: )(Chapter 5- Wage
")(Philosophy of Poverty

)(Principle of Political Economy and Taxation 1817

: 1847 "

) :(David Ricardo: 1772 1823
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) :(Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: 1809 -1865
) ( 1840
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) (
):(Iron Law of Wage or salary
" "
62
'
'
67
) :(Ferdinand Johann Gottlieb Lassalle : 1825 - 1864
65
63
64

62
" "
61
' 1847 "
)"(Poverty of Philosophy
' ) (Das Capital
) (iron law of wage

Moral
"
"
68
69
71
"
72

Lange
"

"
69
71
)(Grundrisse-1953
socialized

) (slavery
) (absolute impoverishment
separate
state capitalism
separate
( )
( ) (separation
socialized
70
"
)(mode of production or labour socialized
8 6 4 2
) :(Malthusian Theory of Population
16 8 4
) (
)25
1828 Friedrich Albert Lange
70
) (
"68
"72
) (wage based on minimum subsistence level
: (
" )
"
socialized
73
"
75
:
:
" 75
) (tailor

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73
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: :
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) :(Labour Power
"74

74
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"
"

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77
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"Socialism79
76
78
79
) (two phases
78
"

-Vulgar
) (
(:Production Relations
) (
) (slavery
) (society of free and associated producers
)(socialism

77

"
76
)(Distribution in the Socialist/Communist Society
) (apply

)(master or slave-owner
) (
vulgar socialism
) (equal distribution of wealth
vulgar socialist
" 80
) (
" " )

80
81
82
83
"
"
"
"
" )" (volume 1
"
" )
"" 85
"
) (
)(Grundrisse, Notebook 1, Chapter on Money

)10,000 (10 x 1000
) (abilitiy to produce
1000
) (labour time required for production
) (production & its distribution
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)(money
production value
' ' concept
) (production value
production value exchange value

'
exchange value

"
) :(exchange value concept
85
) (available labour time
Grundrisse
84
1 :
84

"
83
( "
"
)
"
( "
82
)( 1857-58 )
81
exchange value

'
)(price
production value
' ) (Labour Coupon
2 :
) (Grundrisse, Notebook 2, Chapter on Money

"
"

"
( "
"
"
" 86
"
"
) (total production of society
"
' '

)(production needs )(producers needs

87
'
'
'
'
) (personal use

'
"

) (money
"
" "
] 85
'
) / (
) (products

) (private property
'
concept
"
) (societys total labour time

'
'
' '
) (owner) (consumer
) (necessary deductions
)(supply
) (apply
) (products
) (producers
)circulation
) (wage labourer or salaried person
(certificate

) (first point ) (products
) (
' ) 87
'
):(Labour Coupon
) /
86
) (
' circulation
'
) (first phase
) (allocation & distribution of products
88
)value
"94
) (Money
95
88
89
91
92
95
'
" 93
"
)(commodity form
' )(standard
objects
) (form of value
) (vulgar economists
'
94
90
apply
93

"
) :(Living Labour
):(Realized labour OR Objectified labour OR Embodied labour
)(Finished products
90
91
"
"
"
) (
89
"92
"
(form of
)(nationalization of means of production
) (consumption goods
) (antagonism
)(Critique of the Gotha Program, Part I
1 :
1 :
(Grundrisse, Notebook 1, Chapter on Money
) :(First Phase of Communist Society
) (producers
) (private capitalism
)(labourer
'

'
) (state
) (
"
" "
) (
guarantee
'guarantee
'
) (first phase of communist society
"
) (Bourgeois Right
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97
" "
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) (principle of commodity production
96

' '
) (higher phase of communist society

96
97
) (dealer
certificate

supplier of labour
) :( bourgeois horizon
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) (participate

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unequal

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) (higher phase
)(producers
' ' ) (bourgeois horizon
)(Manifesto of Emancipation
) (
"
"

98
):(Associated Mode of Production
)
apply
'
)(real producer
'
1 :
) (
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") (
" "
"
" "
"
" 99
"
" "
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) (labour power
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100
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99
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98
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101
102
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1 :
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104
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) (
"105
103
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1844
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/08/07.htm
105
106
107
108
:'
'
commune
)(The Communist Manifesto, 2nd Chapter
) :(Paris Commune
' '
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' '
1871
1871
1871
)(Civil War in France: Part Concerning the Paris Commune
"
110
) (social functions

"
" "

" 114
109
111
1910 :Raya Dunayevskaya 112

'
:Raya Dunayevskaya 113'

114
) policy
) (proletariat state

) (control

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)(1924
) (Leninism
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Humanism
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concept

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) (
"
112
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1987
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Raya Dunayevskaya
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110
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"113"

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111
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115
"
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117
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( " "
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116

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118
http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1921/oct/17.htm
115
116
117
)(Lenin: State & the Revolution, Chapter V: Higher Phase of Communist Society
"
"
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)(Lenin: State & the Revolution, Chapter V: Higher Phase of Communist Society
' ' ) (Prague
1938
118
):(Bolshevik
1903
) (majority

1917
119
( )
"121
) (

"
"
" -120
"
"
===========================================================================
119
1917
):
120
121
:
:
1917
(USSR)Socialist Republics
1922
Bolshovik
Union of Soviet
) ?(Lenin: Book State & Revolution, Chapter: What is to Replace the Smashed State Machine
15 1917)
1917

( 1917:
1917
1917
)(Karl Marx: Civil War in France, Character of Paris Commune, First Draft

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(Manifesto of Emancipation)

(University of Quebec, Canada)

(Marxian Concept of Capital & the "

(Distribution of Production in Socialist Society)

(Labour and Division of Labour)

"2000 " University of Massachusetts

(" wage or salary system)

" (associated) "

General German Workers

)(International Workingmen Association

(1) League of Just (2) Communist Correspondence Committee

' )(Communist League

) 1847 (Communist Manifesto 1848

)1875:(Critique of the Gotha Program

Association Social Democratic Workers Party ) (merger

) (Friedrich Engels: 1820 1895

: )(Karl Marx: 1818 1883

' )(Means of production

) (allocation and distribution

)(Marxian concept of state

) SNLT] (socially necessary labour time-SNLT

) (form of value ) (exchange value

' ' quantative aspect ) (medicine

)(society s total products:

) :(Ferdinand Johann Gottlieb Lassalle : 1825 - 1864

)'(wage labour and capital

)" :(Das Capital

" )(Engels, Anti Durhing- 1894

)(Labour & Division of Labour

) : (Use value ) : (Use value

)(Enconomic and Philosophical Manuscrpt 1844

) : (A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy

""To discover the various uses of things is the work of history

)(social development & historical

((basic use value

) (goods & services )

)(Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy- 1859

) (aggregate of production relations

) (Das capital 1894) (volume 3

)(Das capital - 1867

)(Wage, Price & Profit

) :(socially necessary labour

)(Theories of Surplus Value

)(Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy- 1859

" " )(medium

) (rulers and being ruled

Comments of James Mills Elements of Political Economy:

1821 Elements of Political Economy

' ' ) (bourgeois right

Haves and Have-nots

) (powerful & powerless

) :(narrow horizon of bourgeois right

) (James Mill: 1773 1836

)"(simple & abstract

) (Friedrich List: 1789 1846"

) (Friedrich List: 1789 1846"

) (Friedrich List: 1789 1846"

" ) 1845 (National System of Political Economy

) (slave society )(lord