Ethics in

the
Governm
ent
Service
ETHICS

the moral principles

the moral principles
which determine the
which determine the
rightness or
rightness or
wrongness of
wrongness of
particular acts or
particular acts or
activities.
activities.
ETHICS
is the distinction we make
between Right and Wrong,
Good and Evil in relation to
actions, intentions or character.
`
`
is deciding
is deciding
what is RIGHT
what is RIGHT
and doing it
and doing it
ETHICS
ETHICS
ETHICS is equated with:
Good Governance: It requires us
to decide what is good.
Public Service Ethics: Requires
us to give quality service to the
public.
Standards, Rules, Morals -
ETHICS is the science of human
duty.
ETHICS OF GOVERNANCE
ETHICS OF GOVERNANCE
Good Governance is characterized with: Good Governance is characterized with:
Accountability Accountability
Transparency Transparency
Participation Participation
Non-Discrimination Non-Discrimination
Responsiveness Responsiveness
Poverty Alleviation Poverty Alleviation

Participation
Participation

Rule of Law
Rule of Law

Transparency
Transparency

Responsiveness
Responsiveness

Consensus Orientation
Consensus Orientation

Equity
Equity

Effectiveness and Efficiency
Effectiveness and Efficiency

Accountability
Accountability
ETHICS OF GOVERNANCE
ETHICS OF GOVERNANCE
(According to UNDP as cited by Cario) (According to UNDP as cited by Cario)
Ethical Bases
Ethical Bases

RULES
RULES

RESULTS
RESULTS

RELATIONSHIPS
RELATIONSHIPS

TRADITION
TRADITION
RULES as an Ethical Basis
RULES as an Ethical Basis

We believe in them as
We believe in them as
coming by divine revelation.
coming by divine revelation.

With authority or of our

With authority or of our
community.
community.
RESULTS as an Ethical
RESULTS as an Ethical
Basis
Basis
The utilitarian principle focuses our
The utilitarian principle focuses our
attention on results or the
attention on results or the
consequences of our actions. It has
consequences of our actions. It has
been expressed traditionally as
been expressed traditionally as
Seeking the Greatest Good for the
Seeking the Greatest Good for the
Greatest Number
Greatest Number
RELATIONSHIPS as an
RELATIONSHIPS as an
Ethical Basis
Ethical Basis
Confucius Golden Rule of caring:
Confucius Golden Rule of caring:
Do not do to others what you
Do not do to others what you
would not have them do to you.
would not have them do to you.
Jesus Christs expression of LOVE:
Jesus Christs expression of LOVE:
In everything, do to others as you
In everything, do to others as you
would have them do to you.
would have them do to you.
TRADITION as an
TRADITION as an
Ethical Basis
Ethical Basis
Traditional Ethics
Traditional Ethics
the ethics of
the ethics of
earlier generations that is based
earlier generations that is based
on tradition. It is right to act in
on tradition. It is right to act in
certain way because that is what it
certain way because that is what it
has always been done.
has always been done.
Section 1, Article XI, 1987 Constitution Section 1, Article XI, 1987 Constitution Public Public
Office is a Public Trust. Office is a Public Trust. Public Officials and Public Officials and
employees must at all times serve the people with employees must at all times serve the people with
utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty and utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty and
efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and lead efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and lead
modest lives. modest lives.
Section 28, Article II, 1987 Constitution Section 28, Article II, 1987 Constitution The State The State
shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public
service and take positive and effective measures service and take positive and effective measures
against graft and corruption. against graft and corruption.
RULES as an Ethical Basis
RULES as an Ethical Basis
RA 3019
RA 3019

Anti-Graft and Corrupt
Anti-Graft and Corrupt
Practices Act
Practices Act

(Anti-Graft Law)
(Anti-Graft Law)
enacted in 1861
enacted in 1861
RULES as an Ethical Basis
RULES as an Ethical Basis
Graft is defined as
the acquisition of gain or advantage
by dishonest, unfair or sordid means,
especially through the use of ones
position or influence in politics,
business, etc.
(People vs. Bernales, September 3, 1968)
Graft and corruption is an act or
omission involving breach of the rules
of decency, honesty and efficiency, for
the purpose of obtaining undue
advantage at the expense of the
government-owned resources. In our
legal system, graft and corruption is
basically a crime.
BALDRIAS, Napoleon S. The Legal
Implications of Graft and Corruption
Corruption is an act done with an
intent to give some advantage
inconsistent with official duty and the
rights of others. It includes bribery, but
it is more comprehensive, because an
act may be corruptly done through the
advantage to be delivered from it be not
offered by another. (Magallanes vs.
Provincial Board, 66 O.G. 7839)
Corruption is the perversion or
destruction of integrity of fidelity in
discharging public duties and
responsibilities by bribery or favor. It
entails the use of public power for
private advantage in ways which
transgresses some formal rule of law.
(Tendero)
RA 6713
RA 6713

Code of Conduct and Ethical
Code of Conduct and Ethical
Standards for Public Officials and
Standards for Public Officials and
Employees
Employees

signed into law by
signed into law by
then President Corazon C. Aquino
then President Corazon C. Aquino
on February 20, 1989
on February 20, 1989
RULES as an Ethical Basis
RULES as an Ethical Basis
RA 6713
Rule X. Grounds For
Administrative Disciplinary
Action
Directly or indirectly
having financial and
material interest in
any transaction
requiring the approval
of his office.
RA 6713
Owning, controlling,
managing or accepting
employment as officer,
employee, consultant,
counsel, broker, agent,
trustee, or nominee in any
private enterprise
regulated, supervised or
licensed by his office, unless
expressly allowed by law.
RA 6713
Engaging in the private
practice of his profession
unless authorized by the
Constitution, law or
regulation, provided that
such practice will not
conflict or tend to conflict
with his officials
functions.
RA 6713
Recommending any
person to any position
in a private enterprise
which has a regular or
pending official
transaction with his
office.
RA 6713
Soliciting or accepting,
directly or indirectly, any gift,
gratuity, favor, entertainment,
loan or anything of monetary
value which in the course of
his official duties or in
connection with any operation
being regulated by, or any
transaction which may be
affected by the function of his
office.
RA 6713
Unfair discrimination in
rendering public service
due to party affiliation.
RA 6713
Disloyalty to the Republic
of the Philippines and to
the Filipino people.
Failure to act promptly on
letters and requests
within 15 working days
from receipt, except as
otherwise provided in
these Rules.
Failure to attend to anyone
who wants to avail himself of
the services of the office or
to act promptly and
expeditiously on public
personal transactions.
Failure to file sworn
statements of assets,
liabilities and networth, and
disclosure of business
interests and financial
connections.
RA 6713
RA 9485
RA 9485

Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007
Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007

signed into law by
signed into law by
Pres. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Pres. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
on June 02, 2007
on June 02, 2007
RULES as an Ethical Basis
RULES as an Ethical Basis
Violations
Violations

Refusal to accept application and/or
Refusal to accept application and/or
request within the prescribed period or any
request within the prescribed period or any
document being submitted by a client.
document being submitted by a client.

Failure to act on an application and/or
Failure to act on an application and/or
request or failure to refer back to the client
request or failure to refer back to the client
a request which cannot be acted upon due
a request which cannot be acted upon due
to lack of requirement/s within the
to lack of requirement/s within the
prescribed period.
prescribed period.

Failure to attend to clients who are
Failure to attend to clients who are
within the premises of the office or
within the premises of the office or
agency concerned prior to the end of
agency concerned prior to the end of
official working hours and during lunch
official working hours and during lunch
break.
break.

Failure to render frontline services
Failure to render frontline services
within the prescribed period on any
within the prescribed period on any
application and/or request without due
application and/or request without due
cause.
cause.
Violations
Violations

Failure to give the client a written notice
Failure to give the client a written notice
on the disapproval of an application or
on the disapproval of an application or
requests.
requests.

Imposition of additional irrelevant
Imposition of additional irrelevant
requirements other listed in the first
requirements other listed in the first
notice.
notice.
Violations
Violations
Grave Offense
Grave Offense

Fixing and/or collusion with fixers in
Fixing and/or collusion with fixers in
consideration of economic and/or other
consideration of economic and/or other
gain or advantage.
gain or advantage.
Violations
Violations
-Rule X. Grounds For Administrative
Disciplinary Action
Directly or indirectly having financial and material
interest in any transaction requiring the approval
of his office.
RED TAPE
RED TAPE

Inaction/No Action
Inaction/No Action

Slow Action
Slow Action

Inappropriate/Wrong
Inappropriate/Wrong
Action
Action

Inadequate/Insufficient
Inadequate/Insufficient
Action
Action
RED TAPE
RED TAPE
Services that are:
Services that are:

Not delivered
Not delivered

Mis delivered
Mis delivered

Under delivered
Under delivered

Poorly delivered
Poorly delivered
UNLAWFUL ACTS
UNLAWFUL ACTS

RA 3019
RA 3019

Graft and Corruption
Graft and Corruption

Malversation
Malversation

RA 6713
RA 6713

Pecuniary interest
Pecuniary interest

Conflict of interest
Conflict of interest

Nepotism
Nepotism
Graft and
Corruption
Dishonesty
Falsification of Documents
Misconduct
Conduct Prejudicial to the
Best Interest of the Service
Violations of the
Code of Conduct
Criminal
Administrative
Administrative
Administrative
Sandiganbayan
PAGC
Ombudsman

Ombudsman
Civil Service
Commission
Concerned
Agency
Ombudsman
Civil Service
Commission
Violations of the
Anti-Red Tape Act
Criminal
Administrative
Ombudsman
Civil Service
Commission
NATURE OF OFFENSE OFFENSES JURISDICTION
Not all things that are
Legal are Moral !
` `
UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR
UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR
is not necessarily
is not necessarily
illegal but
illegal but
nevertheless is
nevertheless is
contrary to what is
contrary to what is
RIGHT and doing
RIGHT and doing
WHAT
WHAT
IS NOT RIGHT
IS NOT RIGHT
Disservice to the Government
and the People
Bad Image of the Government
Unethical
Behavior
Yields Adverse Results
Violates the Norms of
Relationships and Traditions
DI BAWAL,
DI BAWAL,
PERO DI DAPAT !
PERO DI DAPAT !
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DAPAT
DAPAT
PADRINO SYSTEM
DI BAWAL , PERO DI
DI BAWAL , PERO DI
DAPAT
DAPAT
KAMAG-ANAK SYSTEM
WASTAGE OF OFFICE
SUPPLIES AND
EQUIPMENT
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DAPAT
DAPAT
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DAPAT
DAPAT
Engaging in group
discussion while
clients are kept
waiting
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DAPAT
DAPAT
Telebabad
DI BAWAL , PERO DI
DI BAWAL , PERO DI
DAPAT
DAPAT
Too Much
Texting
During Office
Hours
Reading
newspaper
during
office
hours
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DAPAT
DAPAT
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DAPAT
DAPAT

LOAFING
Improper or
Inappropriat
e Attire
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DAPAT
DAPAT
CLOCK-
WATCHIN
G
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DAPAT
DAPAT
EXTENDE
D
BREAK
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DAPAT
GOING OUT
OF THE
OFFICE
WITHOUT
PERMISSION
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DI BAWAL, PERO DI
DAPAT
DAPAT
Graft and
Corruption
Dishonesty
Falsification of Documents
Misconduct
Conduct Prejudicial to the
Best Interest of the Service
Violations of the
Code of Conduct
Violations of the
Anti-Red Tape Act
Wide gap between rich and poor
Peoples needs are denied
Loss of Peoples Trust
Bad Image of the Government
Disservice to the
Government and the
People
Loss of Peoples Trust
Bad Image of the
Government
Violations/Offenses
Result/Effect
DE
HU
MA
NI
ZING
SI
TUA
TIONS
Outcome
Unethical
Behavior
Dehumanizing
Situations

Structure Structure
s s
Economic Economic
Political Political
Socio- Socio-
Cultural Cultural
Commerce w/out
morality
Politics w/out principle
Knowledge w/out
character
Worship w/out sacrifice
Culture w/out spirit
Wealth w/out work
Leisure w/out conscience
Science w/out humanity
Dehumanizing Situations
Rob a person of his/her dignity.
Diminish his/her worth as a person.
Destroy his/her total being.
Its the CHOICES that
make us who we are. And
we can always choose to
do whats right.
- Peter Parker
Spiderman 3
Every officials of the government,
even the most modest, has a job to
perform and is as much in duty
bound to perform that job well as
those occupying higher positions. In
our effort to give the people the best
government that there is, we have to
have everybody do his job, including
the Clerk, the policeman everybody
in the service. Everyone of them
should do his best because a
government cannot be a government
of higher officials only.
Pres. Manuel L. Quezon