PROBLEM 4.

103
Situation: The velocity at outlet pipe from a reservoir is 6 m/s and reservoir height
is 15 m.
Find: Pressure at point .
APPROACH
Apply the Bernoulli equation.
ANALYSIS
Bernoulli equation Let point 1 be at reservoir surface.
(j
1
,) + (\
2
1
,2q) + .
1
= (j

,) + (\
2

,2q) + .

0 + 0 + 15 = j

,9810 + 6
2
,(2 9.81) + 0
j

= (15 1.83) 9810

j

= 129. 200 Pa, gage

p

=129.2 kPa, gage

292
PROBLEM 5.14
Situation: An open channel ow has a 30

incline. Velocity prole is =

13
m/s.
Vertical depth is 1 m. Width is 1.5 m.
Find: Discharge:
APPROACH
Apply the ow rate equation.
ANALYSIS
Flow rate equation
=
Z
0866
0

13
(2 dy)
= 15
Z
0866
0

13
dy
= (15(43))
43
|
0866 m
0
= 093 m
3
/s
324
PROBLEM 5.40
Situation: A round tank (1 = 4 ft) is being lled with water from a 1 ft diameter
pipe. In the pipe, \ = 10 ft/s
Find: Rate at which the water surface is rising: \

APPROACH
Apply the continuity principle and let the c.s. move up with the water surface in the
tank.
ANALYSIS
Continuity principle
0 = d,dt
Z

jdV+ :

0 = d,dt(/

) ((10 +\

)
where

= tank area, \

=rise velocity and

=pipe area.
0 =

d/,dt 10

but d/,dt = \

so
0 =

10

= (10

),(

) = 10(:,4)(1
2
),((:,4)4
2
(:,4)1
2
)
\

= (2,3) ft/s
351
PROBLEM 5.46
Situation: Water ows through a tee as shown in gure in the textbook.
Find: Mean velocity in outlet B:

APPROACH
Apply the continuity principle.
ANALYSIS
Continuity principle

= (

= [(6 4 4
2
) (4 4 2
2
)](4 4
2
)

= 500 m/s
357
PROBLEM 5.78
Situation: A suction device based on a venturi is described in the problem statement.
Suction cup is 1 m below surface and venturi 1 m above. Throat area id 1/4 of exit
area and exit area is 0.001 m
2
. Cup area is 0.1 m
2
and water temperature is 15
o
C.
Find: (a) Velocity of water at exit for maximum lift.
(b) Discharge.
(c) Maximum load supportable by suction cup.
Properties: From Table A.5 j

(15

) = 1. 700 Pa.
From Table A.5 j = 999 kg/m
3
.
APPROACH
Apply the Bernoulli equation and the continuity principle.
ANALYSIS
Venturi exit area,

. = 10
3
m
2
. Venturi throat area,

= (1,4)

. Suction cup
area,

= 0.1 m
2
j
atm
= 100 kPa
1
water
= 15

C
Bernoulli equation for the Venturi from the throat to exit with the pressure at the
throat equal to the vapor pressure of the water. This will establish the maximum
lift condition. Cavitation would prevent any lower pressure from developing at the
throat.
j

, + \
2

,2q + .

= j

, + \
2
max
,2q + .

(1)
Continuity principle
\

= \

= \

) (2)
\

= 4\

Then Eq. (1) can be written as

1. 700, + (4\
max
)
2
,2q = 100. 000, + \
2
max
,2q
\
max
= ((1,15)(2q,)(98. 300))
12
= ((1,15)(2,j)(98. 300))
12
\
max
= 3.62 m/s
Q
max
= \

= (3.62 m/s)(10
3
m
2
)
Q
max
= 0.00362 m
3
/s
393
Find pressure in the suction cup at the level of the suction cup.
j

+ / = j
suction
j
suction
= 1. 700 Pa + 9,800 2
= 21. 300 Pa
But the pressure in the water surrounding the suction cup will be j
atm
+ 1 =
(100 + 9.80) kPa, or
j
water
j
suction
= (109. 800 21. 300) Pa
= 88. 500 Pa
Thus the maximum lift will be:
Lift
max
= j

= (j
water
j
suction
)

= (88. 500 N/m

2
)(0.1 m
2
)
Lift
max
= 8. 850 N
394