IEEE

TRANSACTIONS

ON MICROWAVE

THEORY

AND

TECHNIQUES,

VOL.

MTT-20,

NO.

10,

OCTOBER

1972

689

Electric

and Magnetic

Coupling

through

Small Apertures

in Shield Walls
NOEL

of Any
A. McDON.4LD

Thickness

Absirac&A tween plane tion used common of the

method wall

is presented cavities

for evaluating coupled The

the coupling aperture is related technique apertures,

bein a to is and

ture the

is not solutions

close are that

to

a corner

or by in to

other making the

discontinuity, a number as the an of

and ap-

two identical

resonant of arbitrary

by a small coupling

obtained are exact go the arbitrary coupling identical applications

thickness. and

the frequencies to determine that

of the

symmetric structure, frequencies.

and asymmetric

modes

of oscilla-

proximations transverse wall of be Only metrically sidered. ties may A time out. tails The are For be finite

limit For

aperture in a

coupled

cavity those

a variational

dimensions thickness, with case oriented, other used. an of

zero. method lossless between

aperture the

allows isotropic two

aperture material. symis con-

The method it is shown terms. electric apertures cal values wall and

is applied enable of zero

to circular theoretical thickness, tlickness obtained good

and rectangular into of and electric solutions

to

filled the

the coupling

is separable

and magnetic for the rectangular of rmmeriWith zero of Bethe experi-

lossless, cavities

The results in walls when are given

to be obtained and Curves apertures. same as those Cohns with

magnetic

polarizabilities the wall

circular equivalent

resonant the aperture

polarizabilities

polarizabili-

to be obtained thickness, results

is nonzero. are the

for circular and give

and rectangular agreement

dependence method given in is [7].

of the presented

form in

ejut is implied outline only.

throughThe de-

the results aperture for rectangular

for a circular mental

apertures.

II.

RELATIONSHIP POLARIZABILITIES

BETWEEN AND

APERTURE

I.
H E determination small T gions aperture is important

INTRODUCTION of in the field wall design and the a coupled between of such through two items resonator through plane equivalent been wall a of eleca reas The cular shows plane ture the dipole systo small but figtank polarand tangential with the

COEFFICIENT

OF COUPLING theory apertures, that wall if of developed and a field zero originally later exists by Bethe by of [1] Collin a conducting (aperfield electric IWO in for cir[8],

a common in the

generalized on and cut as and at the one side

waveguide filters. small zero tric used tems. elliptical not ures. method izabilities presented The Cohn The by guide The plane verse ness) work apply effect including mode to Elethe circular thickness, and in

directional [1]

couplers investigated in solution moments

coupled coupling

thickness, <<~) is to wall, is then the the

a small in the that

aperture wall, from the an

aperture and his dipole

conducting utilizing has and

dimensions second region

same wall

magnetic the design

extensively

PO normal to the

a magnetic center of the

dipole aperture

of coupled of as well or [3] more

cavity

waveguide

both

Bethes

method

solution as to

is applicable circular apertures, geometrical an and arbitrary apertures. experimental in walls of zero electrolytic magnetic

aperture are given

closed. the by P. = eo$.En &@~ and and the magnetic 1% and tangential location normal E) that two the two where Ht is not components resultant components. is applied to the oriented, plane wall then Ht (1) polarizare the electric and magnetic dipole

apertures rectangles Cohn for of data of to [2], measuring small for

Quantitatively, moments

complicated

developed the apertures electric of of the

shape,

MO = where abilities vector field, opening p, and of the pm are small electric at the

a selection and apertures wall thickness

Bethe small

results thickness.

of

electric

aperture field the The and

of a finite the

is often of an

approximated wave[6]. in

normal

magnetic prior to field to case, each

attenuation the of the wall coupling thickness, at right

evanescent [4]-

respectively, the vector. axis to aperture. It

aperture vector to fi(fi. in (1)

traversing

thickness through for angles

electric is parallel the

evaluation walls

apertures of transwall The thick-

E.

may

be defined

as equal is implicit of the

h is a unit

of arbitrary (i. e.,

apertures to the here.

normal a principal then parallel dipole coupling identical of zercl

dimensions small

aperture. into and axis,

If this

in wavelengths,

is considered

aper-

h?t has to be separated

a principal obtained two moment aperture between resonant thickness from lossless,

magnetic

Manrmcript received February 7, 1972; revised April 3, 1972. This work was supported in part by the Defence Research Board of Canada under Grant 5540-02. The author was with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada. He is now with Antenna Engineering Australia Pty. Ltd., Kilsyth, Victoria 3137, Australia.

If the

polarizability

concept

symmetrically a common a small

cavities and

having

containing

aperture,

690

IEEE

TRANSACTIONS

ON MICROWAVE

THEORY

AND

TECHNIQUES,

OCTOBER

1972

thecoeficient related the to the coupling

of coupling electric aperture and by

between magnetic

the

two

cavities

is of

polarizabilities

Hpt H.,
K = P.

Su
H. v normal

+ ~H. dv

p. L(S
E.n . EPn field field at the tangential

l-- J
(2)

E.. E. dv v eigenfunc-

where tion and tion the tion the

HP is the in the the cavity,

predominant EP is the electric

magnetic electric field

corresponding magnetic aperture The field locanorFig. 1. Two identical cavities coupled by an aperture in a plane common wall.

to HP, and

HP~ and

EPn are the to HP and

vector

corresponding integrations the expression volume of

EP, respectively.

malizing

in the denominators Equation by only. of for radius P. and R in given coupling aperture results Matthaei

of (2) are over (2) is a generalizaet u1. [9] for

v of one cavity.

case of magnetic For a circular wall, Bethes

an

infinitely

thin

pm are

xc (a)

and pm = : R3.

III. A.

APERTURE

IN

WALL

OF

ARBITRARY

THICKNESS

The Two

Equivalent identical
in

NelwoYk resonant
common half of

and

its

Properties coupled
are shown

cavities
wall the

by
in

a small
Fig. into re1. Fig.

(;;
2. Network representation of coupled coupling reactance. (b) Coupling reactance parts. cavities. separated (a) Single into two

aperture The two gion, The material the cavity The exhibit resonant given Xc A two has in two interior

a plane of a each cavity

structure and an

is divided (aperture

regions, by

region s. is uniformly characteristics assumed by two air

a plane

surface region

aperture with

filled

with POP, and

a lossless eOc,, and No, eo). will

where circuit tion In the

U, is the angular or electric frequency determination coupled wall in the

oscillation case and open-circuit of the

frequency coo is the or magnetic

in the shortangular oscillawall case. of the structure

electrical are

regions cavities behavior

filled small

(i.e.,

coupled of for In which Fig. into structure for

the

aperture identical

resonant one-half

frequencies of the

the

lightly a general

coupled

aperture
is

cavities,

only

circuits, Fig. been 2(a).

representation coupling reactance

need
B.

be considered.
Determination of the

2(b), two

the parts.

Variational

Resonant for

Frequencies obtaining used boundary a is is

separated cavity states state on on the

coupled oscillation

such each to

as that

in

Fig.

1 has One bound1 or The wall a

One variational Rumseys

of several i reaction in principle tangential both the

alternative for concept for both the

viewpoints resonant [10]. The symmetry surface and the

cavity an electric plane line yy to

resonance. wall in of a Fig. Fig.

solution

frequencies method plane

oscillation ary short other boundary an The open condition circuit

corresponds the symmetry

the same conditions. If the and the mined for

symmetry

2(b).

oscillation condition circuit on

state on the

corresponds the symmetry line the real same

magnetic in in Fig. Fig. and the

E field aperture tangential

on the region

s is postulated cavity are region deter-

plane yy

1 or 2(b). the

symmetry of be

consequent as functions

magnetic the

fields

oscillation circuit boundary

frequencies must

structure under

of U, then

equation

equivalent sponding It may

the

corre-

conditions. that the coefficient of coupling

be shown

K of form

of the where cavity equation only the

Ss
subscripts for the regions, source necessary equations of Maxwells

ExH8. s

dS

Ss
ExHc. s the implicit This is an

dS

(4)

the

equivalent cavity

circuit, resonators,

and

also

by

analogy in the

a and

c denote

aperture variational is because

and the

coupled

is expressible

respectively, resonant to make

frequency.

a self-consistent

solution sheet on s

is an electric-current

MCDONALD

: COUPLING

THROUGH

SMALL

APERTURES

691

given equating In gential plitude obtained single the

by

J,= the

fiX

(Hc HJ,

and j~$

thus

(4)

is obtained [11],

by [12]. tanamare of a Fig. 3 be Network

eige nf unction, eigenfunctions.

self-reaction

E. J dv to zero result, a number the the

the

application

of this

postulated

E field

on s contains for Ritz the which

of adjustable optimum the values E field

coefficients, by mode to the

procedure. resonant Ha postulated

Because region tangential and

D with
and

in a lossless real

has everywhere E on s can as a conse-

resonant
reactance

arm corresponding
.Yf corresponding

to predominant
to all other

same

phase,

restricted quence C. Field The panded two

functions.

HC will

be imaginary. in the Cavity field Region He in the cavity region can be exof

HP eigenfunction with The termined finite proach eigenfunctions IYf. fringing from series. is to varying ofi-resonance HP

and

the

reactance

Xf

being

associated

magnetic the However, make term. In

field

Hf

can

in principle as simpler

be dean to Xf inapthe is a be the field

magnetic

eigenfunction an Fig. of alternative 3 the a reasonable

expansion and reactance and contribution it approximation

in a complete i.e., H. =

set of orthogonal

types,

~ i

h,Hi

~ i

gtGz

~~,EXHf.dS slowly the

function eigenfunction

frequency, if to the the

would of

reactance

where and G/ functions ural For and the

IU and

gi are

the to

amplitude and the the

coefficients infinite fields [13], of

of the of the

Hi Hi nat-

particular was

off-resonance

eigenfunctions correspond of oscillation the If the

number

negligible. off-resonance the small field is a quasi-static If it is expanded over the the are the cavity field required such the However, in a plane field localized of

magnetic region

The about

modes

of the Hi Hi may

[14]. as imaginary according to

aperture. orthogonal size

in a series volume, becomes for an

HO imaginary, hi as real.

be taken

eigenfunctions as the localii;ed, aperture more

then more adebeis off-

are normalized

decreases

eigenfunctions and

PO
then zero cavity Hi with

Sss

Hi. Hidv v
E specified the rest of

= 1
on the the surface

(5)
s and of the

quate tion comes indeefi

representation, c)f each smaller. the particular This off-resonance reactance close

proportionate that

con h-ibuas HP, Xf the cavity

eigenfunction, suggests of a small boundary was infinite for for J$,E reactance. aperture

a tangential E the on

reactance

tangential region,

boundary

amplitude can

coefficient as

hi of an arbitrary

resonance wall the not same

eigenfunction

be determined

to other wall

surfaces

is essentially

as if the

in extent. X Hf U therefore in an .dS to obtain inis

(6)
where Hi two the verv When w is the a small and resonant aperture an electric plane, the of the the frequency is cut corresponding in the wall wall between is placed to the the on

A suitable is the finite given JJ,ExH, D. Solution Equation

approximation quantity wall.

corresponding plane by (8) .ds. for (8) conducting with

an aperture j~,ExHc used

Then

eigenfunction. cavities symmetry little from one or magnetic resonant

this

approximation

the Coefficient may

of Coupling with

K (4) to give

frequency

is moved cavity. of fic any eigenfl=

2U2 20

oscillation

frequency in the is much this

of the expansion greater

be combined

Th&efore, is strongly of the other by

hiHi terms
on OJand Denoting corresponding

dependent terms. Hp with H.

than

2 = _

predominant hP and OJP, let

--!__

{ffiXHpds}2

function

hPHp + Hf vicinity to obtain is the

Hf sum the of the aperture. hiH~ field

(7) and Hf so = Then Two fined frequency as shift

JJ8

ffEx(Ha-HJds

parameters

SO and

S, are

now

de-

where g$Gi
exists

the terms

magnetic other in can

field than the

hpHp. This
of

fringing

WP2 0J02 (lo)

primarily and (7)

2wo CO*2 Coaz

(11) 2U,2

(6)

be used

Ss
EXH.. s An ~rith analog

ju
dS= ~pz ~z

{SJ
PP 8

EXHP. 8

dS

s,

Then,, (8)

from

(3),

(10),

and

(11), so s.

+jj~xwrds.
of the right arm side of (8) is the network corresponding in Fig.

K= 3, As the aperture transverse 1+s0+ss dimensions go to zero, SO and

the resonant

to the predominant

692

lEEETUNSACTIONS

ON MICROWAVE

THEORY AND TECHNIQUES,

OCTOBER 1972

S.go

to zero.

Thus K*So S.. of (9) is evaluated true by tangential field with using

Therefore, the field best

if the possible

right

side

approximation obtained

to the by using

on the

surfaces,

a trial then

a large cient

number of coupling

of adjustable K is given with cross for the the section tangential

parameters, by the

the coeffibetween

difference and

the values boundary If the circular trial the or

obtained conditions. aperture

magnetic

electric

wall as of Y Fig. 4.
Coordinate system for circular aperture. The z axis is along the aperture axis and the z = O plane is at the wall surface.

is of simple and

shape, complete is a sum modes

such set

rectangular, of the

a suitable

functions

E field
waveguide

of all of in the

E fields

below-cutoff

aperture E.

region, of SO and the be postulated sum of S, into Independent Parts on the sur-

Separation Consider

tangential two terms, ETfI, and coefficient.

E field
e.g., Then If such

face where

s to

the will be

E= E1 +qE1l
correspondto is an shift

B.

Mode

Fields the the

Contributing possible aperture

to So and

S8 waveguide to (9), deterof SO mode

q is a proportionality will

Of modes mine and fields ~~,

all in which S,,

below-cutoff region, significant contribute only

i.e., if

circular it in to if is necessary the K. the

ing to W there

be E?ar and

corresponding

qE1l there
used eters So or

qH~l and
either (9), of the frequency

qHflr.
in

E field
paramwith

ones be

are

evaluation From

to determine S, from

of the then solution,

frequency accordance

and will

thereby

the so to

significant
nonzero,

corresponding

variational that q. For E1 and their the

nature resonant

q is to be adjusted with the forms the respect resultant functions, on the

EXHP.

dS is

is stationary

arbitrary for E1l. If,

IY and however,

E1l field
E1 and fields

expression

SO or S, is dependent magnetic condition

of both with The sion ing (12) For

Js
8

(E,HPO

E@HP,) rdrd~

O.

(12)

E1l

on

s together

associated

satisfy

particular

tangential the

H. field
and center HP, each are

on s is separated is expanded terms For TM retained. Ifpe. only (12)

into

its x and expanincludto polar

independence

y components,

in a Taylor up to and t~ mode for A conversion

H
and that results separate this two

E1l X (H: s

Hfl) . dS +

Ss
by So and of terms.

about first

of s. Only and

~Er X (H:r .- H~9. dS=o

derivatives gives mode

coordinates is found TEt~ 2.

E fields,
1 = O, 1, and
R two

to be satisfied

if 1 = O. is satisfied of the the

E fields,
the to SO and do the modes modes

the the

optimum result that trial into can the for

value

of q is determined, the using S, are If in then sum

it

is found two

and TE2~

However, fields

contributions S, contain contributions the for form all

TEo~

So or S. is simply be obtained If the both coefficient subdivided condition, is not limited

of the

mode

factor of the

would fields. then two

E1 and

E1l as
in also that is

powers mode nificance

higher field. are of the with and the and As

than R~O, TEI~ TEl~ the the

TEl~ of sig-

separable either the

therefore,

TE m.

modes the sets of

manner, fields

coupling a manner to two.

separable satisfies of separate

independent

of the number

Because modes cordance III-E, results

trigonometric independence

orthogonality, separable condition

TMo~ in acSection of the

be further

independence contributions

coefficient by ifl

of coupling each Region fields, for The by integral

K is the sum set separately.

obtained Modes a sum . . ., plane in principle is with the

considering Aperture

IV. A. General

A SMALL

CXRCULAR

AFER~URE C. TMo~

Aspects Cartesian on at the the the cavity radius radius) a lossless axis surface region. is R and material e,. the ratio of (walI thickis designated TR. The of relative aperture and cylindrical as shown aperture s separating coordinate in Fig. region the 4, with and aperture systhe the re-

A
tem z axis gion

combined lying from

With TM03, infinite same potential solutions tegral

of TMO~ arbitrary fringing as that as

mode field wall, given [12, an pp.

i.e., the

TMOI, aperture for The all and

TMOZ, first in is an the twoscalar possible this inThe

x, y, z, r, 6 is established

amplitude

coefficients, procedure ].

of the

is determined

z = O plane The region ity

conducting situations expressed scalar interpreted

Barrington 180-186 over equation,

aperture contains relative

dimensional

ness)/(aperture

permeabil-

of the is then

Helmholtz

pr and

permittivity

as a Hankel

transform.

NCDONALD:

COUPLING THROUGH SMALL APERTURES

693 aperture defined. procedures is dependent are

10.0 E

tangential known, The side for on and spatial tion gives icients Then modes for and

E field
the evaluation of

components potential

at

the

scalar out

is thereby

Jj,EXHa
using modes.

.dS, i.e., on the aperture

straightforward This term condition. in terms nature frequency amplitude to the of

of s, k carried circular the

waveguide

symmetry-plane be obtained The corresponding for optimizing derivatives. the

boundary from (9) variational resonant the

.S, can

SO Thus HP or its
solu(co. or co,) coeffTM o~

of the

a basis in each the is found

mode

case. of coupling form .KTM due to be of the

coefficient

where

[]C denotes

evaluation

at

the

center of

of

s. The e,,

dimensionless and arises

coefficient electric

CE is a function field corresponding (dHpz/dy) to

TR and to

EP is the
from terms of is

HP. ED
Taylor

((dEIPV/13Z) its

) in the

expansion with (5)

H ,, and

normalizing

be consistent
Fig,

,o,~
0
ch4 08 TR TABLE Nu~ber
cE

12

16

20

5, C~ and C~ shown against the thickness parameter for a small circular air-filled aperture (q= 1, ~,= 1).

Tn

co

Sss

EP. EPdv = 1.
m Region TEl~ modes is similar to choose [HI,.

(13)
I Thickness
CH

D. TEI~ Modes in Aperture

The for the procedure TMO~ system obtained with modes. the It

Zero Wall Direct 0.63693 0.64195 0.64553 0.64820 0.65027 0.65193 0.65328 0.65441 Extrapolated 0.66710 0,66689 0.66680 0.66675 :.:::~ 0:66670 0.66669

to that the coand

Modes 5 6 7 8 1: 11 12

Direct 1.2781 1.2869 1.2933 1.2981 1.3019 1.3050 1.3075 1.3096

Extrapolated 1.3330 1.3331 1.3332 1.3333 1.3333 1.3333 1.3333 1.3333

is convenient such form that

ordinate the result

orientation is of the

]. is zero,

in which TR and

the w,.

dimensionless

coefficient

C1{ is a function

of lent polarizabilities are obtained from

E. Total Coupling
The and total If coefficient the squares at if the the of coupling of the center by K normal of the is the sum of KTM and the and b. = P., =

CnR3

KTE.

E field
surface

tangential

H field
and (13) [HPV],Z, and

s, i.e.,

[E,,]c
(5) and

are denoted normalizing explicitly,

respectively,

E,. oE,,mand H.+, ~H.*, of Ep. and Hr,i from

then

C.R3. Coejicients
TEl~ results modes For with the

is sho~~n

F. Calculation A maximum
to determine case of zero mode 1. As fields the

of the Numerical
of 12 TilI~~ and the CE and

CE and CH
were from used 5 to 12 of Table be fields. can techbeCH, particular

A == c WRa -

~ %t

CH, respectively. in the by Direct number

LU
If ture (14) is compared

HP. HP dv ,, I&R3 _

wall

thickness, has

are shown true field exactly the

columns

an edge a finite

singularity

it cannot of mode results

Sss
v

EPn. EPn

(14)

represented However, be improved nique, which in the

EP Ep dv
from that the if the the aperture equivaaperbe

convergence by a simple gives the I. the Note Bethe

of the polynomial values the and values in

numerical the

extrapolation Extrapolated agreement for CE and 4/3. the and

with

(2), may for

derived

columns tween Fig. respectively,

Table values with

excellent 1.3333 of 2/3 CH against

polarizability to the

viewpoint, finite wall

it is seen thickness

concept

of 0.66669

of aperture extended

polarizability

a circular case

5 gives

curves

of CE and

thickness

694 parameter These mode

~2.406TR

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE

Y

THEORY AND TECHNIQUES> OCTOBER 1972

TR

for give

a small thevalues For large

circular TR,

air-filled CE and CM corresponding associated CH approach less walls than (TR > 2/3

aperture. from the vary

t.O

curves solutions.
and

extrapolated

12 as the

el.@lTR,

respectively,

attenuations i.e., about tained and given 4/3 equivalent closely the TMOI 18 from

of the and the electric by 1%

~ P

least the and

attenuated cm and percent thick

modes, values those obez 405TE

TE1l. 16 for

percent

approximate and

expressions

e1.841~B. Thus

0.5), the
are

magnetic

polarizabilities

~
s

_ 0,55 R8e2 ,405TR

lolz~8e1.841TR,

./
Fig. 6. Coordinate system for rectangular aperture,

The

corresponding in Fig. V. 5.

asymptotic

straight

lines

are

shown
030 I
L
0

dashed

A SMALL
for same the are

RECTANGULAR a small in

APERTURE aperture a circular case in aperH are siga

025
0

The plane ture. in that

procedure wall is the

rectangular as for

principle

Q200

However, as there reference for is

rectangular-aperture two unique principal This Also, the is of

is different there

axes,

0.15 -

inherent nificance transform circular

directions. coupling. to determine

particular

magnetic used

whereas fringing is used

a Hankel field in the of reca

010 0.05:)
O Cohn% Experimental Values

aperture,

a Fourier case. coordinate in the positive The Fig.

transform

tangular-aperture A rectangular as shown

system 6. The

is established is at the

at the

the sur-

LI
Q2

04

0.6

0.8

1.0

aperture face region, cavity are

z = O plane from the

s separating and region. the

cavity z axis

region is in

aperture into aperture the Fig. 7.

B A RH with
ratios

direction of the

zero wall thickness

transverse

dimensions

in the range

for aspect 0,05 to 1.0,

A
The

and
ratio

B,
of

and
(wall

the

aspect
thickness)/

ratio

B/A

is arbitrary.

(dimension

A) uniformly

is desigfilled p, and here. The

wall tivity The

thickness e, of the equivalent are

parameter aperture

TA, region

and

the

relative

permit-

nated

TA, and
a Iossless the permittivity

the

aperture 6,. of the

region

is

material. of a small rectangular

with relative

material

of relative analysis

permeability are given cavities

polarizabilities

aperture identical wall is coupled and

Only coefficient

results of coupling rectangular

pm =

RHA3.

K of two aperture common

by a small A and

of transverse

dimensions

B in a plane

p, =

RBA~.
Pm, but magnetic not RE and field fi.,

K =

Hpti oHDt
RH.42

EPn.Eon R~.43-

In the it

determination that the

of RH and tangential

Sss
integrations fields with ratio

H.. HP dv v
p denotes are the over RE

Sss
volume associated is a function thickness of

is implied to the that CH and 7 gives B/A Cohns for

HP~ is
aperture

EP. E, dv v
mode one with of

parallel Note while Fig. ratios are ness

Fig.

dimension CE relate RH with range Fig. ratios RE to

A of the aperture.
to a Rectangular aperture. thickness shown zero wall obtained for aspect in Fig. with thick7 an wall values
RH

RH arid

RE relate zero 0.05 8 gives from with 1.0.

where field cavity. The the the eter region sociated odd,

the and

subscript the

predominant the is and

to a Circular

in the [2] tank.

to 1.0. Also with

10.0.

dimensionless mode

coefficient

experimental

TE~O aperture

m odd,

electrolytic

aspect The the

B/A,

the wall

paramaperture RE is asm and ratio, n the

aspect

1.0 to zero wall

TA, and the relative

material. with and TM~ti

permeability dimensionless mode fields Qf ~h~ aperture

p, of the coefficient with both aspect

9 gives
B/A up

thickness coupling rectangle for

for

aspect there is

ratios freedom sion A,

For side

electric of the

to choose and

which Fig.

is dimenall aspect

is a fun~tio~

therefore

9 can

be used

MCDONALD:

COUPLING THROUGH SMALL APERTURES

695

VI.
The apertures with ticular gion. tended in addition each set The to coupling through

CONCLUSIONS small into circular and and rectangular terms, a parrebe ex-

is separable type of of

electric being mode

magnetic with aperture can finite wall

coupling

associated fields in the

waveguide of

concept include to the

aperture in

polarizability walls of zero

apertures

thickness thickness

well-established

case. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The 01

2 4 6 8

work

described

in

this

paper Engineering,

was

carried University the topic

out

in of

10

the

Department Toronto, G, with Sinclair. Dr. W.

of Electrical Ont.,

Toronto, of Dr.

Canada,

under on the

supervision were also

Discussions V. Tilston,

Fig.

8.

l?~with zero wall ratios in the range

thickness for aspect l.Oto 10.0.

held

REFERENCES 0.121 [1] H, A. Bethe, Theory of diffraction by small holes, Phys. Rev., by electro1416-1421, p. 33, Jan.

010-

VOI, 66, pp. 163-182, Oct. [2] S. 13. Cohn, Determination

1944.

of aperture parameters lytic-tank measurements, Proc. IRE, vol. 39, pp. ~oo~; 1951; also Correction, Proc. IRE, vol. 40,
.

0.08E

a06 -

004-

0020 Cohn% ExpernnentalValws

Fig.9.

&with

zero wall

thickness

foraspect

ratios

uptol.O.

ratios. for R~

Cohns are also of

TA
RE

[3]

electrolytic in Fig.
RH

tank 9. the

experimental

values

shown and air-filled

Curves rameter selection as ~VTA tions

against apertures

wall

thickness in [7]

pafor a

for

are given

of aspect
and

ratios.

~TTA41+WB)2

TA, For large corresponding

RH and to the

R~ vary attenua-

of the

TE1O and

TM1l

modes,

respectively.

The electric polarizability of apertures of arbitrary shap&, Proc. IRE, vol. 40, pp. 10691071, Sept. 1952. [4] -, Microwave coupling by large apertures, Proc. .[RE, vol. 40, pp. 696699, June 1952. [5] R. Levy, Analysis and synthesis of waveguide multiaperture directional couplers, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. (1968 Symposium Issue)t vol. MTT-16, pp. 995-1006, Dec. 1968. [6] H. A. Wheeler, Couphng holes between resonant cavities or waveguides evaluated in terms of volume ratios, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theorv Tech.. vol. MTT-12. DD. 231-244. Mar. 1964. E~ectromagnetic r &pling th~ough small [7] N. A. McDona~d, apertures, Ph.D. dissertation. Also as Dep. Elec. Eng., Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada, Res. Rep. 45, 1971. Field Theory of Guided Waves. New York: [8] R. E. Collin, McGraw-Hill, 1960. [9] G. L. Matthaei, L. Young, and E. M. T. Jones, Miwozvave Filters, Impedance Matching Networks, and Coupling Structures. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1964. D. 513. [10] V. H. Rumsey, The reactio~ concept in electromagnetic theory, Phys. Rev., ser. 2, vol. 9~, pp. 1483-1491, June 15, 1954. [11] A. D. Berk, Variational principles for electromagnetic resonators and waveguides, IRE Trans. Antennas Propa~at., vol. AP-4: pp. 104-111, Apr. 1956. [12] R. F. Barrington, Time-Ha~monic Electromagnetic Fields. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961. [13] R. Mu]ler, in Electromagtietic Wawguides and Cavitiesj G. Goubau, Ed. New York: Pergamon, 1961, ch. 2. [14] K. Kurokawa, The expansions of electromagnetic fielcls in cavities, IRE Trans. Mzcrowaue Theory Tech., vol. MTT-6, pp. 178-187, Apr. 1958. [3]

lYJ.; .