APLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES ERRORS Theory: (1) Approximate error, (2) Relative error (3) Percentage error Exercise A: 1.

The cost of a commodity is given by C = 4x + 3x2 where x is the quantity of a commodity produced. If the quantity is measured as 10 with an error of 0.2 find the approximate error, relative error and percentage error in calculating the side of a square of size 5 metres is inconsistently measured as 5.11 metres. Find to one decimal place the resulting error in calculating the area of the square. What do you have to find? Approximate. Relative or percentage. 2. The radius of a sphere is measured as 10 cm with an error of 0.04 cm. Find (a) the approximate error, (b) relative error and (c) percentage error in calculating its volume. (0.96). 3. The length 4 cms of a side of cube is measured as 4.01 cm. Find the approximate error in calculating the volume of the cube. 4. The total revenue of a firm, when the demand for its goods is D is given by R = 12 + 36D D2. If demand is measured as 12 with an error of 0.6, find the percentage error in calculating the revenue. (M-99) 5. The time T of a complete oscillation of a simple pendulum of length C is given by T = 2 . If there is an error of 1.2% in measurement of l find the percentage error in T. Refer measurements.

6. If there is an error of 0.3% in the measurement of the radius of a spherical balloon, find the percentage error in the calculation of its volume. (M-96) 7. If the radius of a spherical balloon increases by 0.1%, find approximately the percentage increase in volume. (O-99, M-02) 8. The volume of a cone is found by measuring its height and diameter of the base as 7 cm and 5 cm respectively. It is found that the diameter is not correctly measured to the extent of 0.06 cm. Find the consequent error in the volume.

9. The sides of triangle ABC are correctly measured but there is an error of h in the measurement of angle A. Show that the error in calculating the area of the triangle is approximately hbc cos A, in the usual notation. 10. If an edge of a cube measures 2 meters with a possible error of 0.5 cm, find the corresponding error in the calculated volume of the cube. Also find the percentage error. AB in sq units. (M-01) 11. Under ideal conditions, a perfect gas satisfies the equation PV = K (where P = Pressure, V = Volume and K is Constant). If K = 60 and pressure is found by measurement to be 1.5 units with an error of 0.05 per unit, find approximately error in calculating V. (O-01). APPROXIMATION Theory: Formula for Approximation. Exercise B: Find approximate value of: (i) (ii) (iii) (4.1)4 FNA HW 1st

(M-97) (M-98) (O-98)

(iv)

correct to three decimal places.

(v)
(vi) (vii) (viii)

correct to four decimal places.

(O-97)

(80.7)1/4 correct to four decimal places sin 31o, assuming that 1o = 0.0175 radians and cos30o = 0.8660 tan (45o 101) given that 1o = 0.0175 radians. Remember that Lease 1o= 0.0175 radians & < 1o = 601

(ix) (x)

Log, 9.01, given that loge 3 = 1.09866. Loge 101, given that loge 10 = 2.3026

(xi)
(xii) (xiii) (xiv)

Loge 1002, given that log10 e = 0.4343. o o cos29o 301 given that sin 30 = 0.5, cos30 0 = 0.8660 and 1 = 0.0175 radians.
E1,002, correct to four decimal places, if e = 2.71828. Tan-1 (0.999).

MAXIMA AND MINIMA Theory 1. Conditions for function to have maxima at x = a. 2. Conditions for function to have minima at x = a. Exercise C: 1. Examine the following function for maxima and minima. (x)=2x3 9x2 + 12x + 5 (x) = 2x3 15x2+36x+10 (x)=8x3 75x2+150x 2. Find the points at which the function (x) is minimum where (x)=x3 9x2 + 24x. 3. Find the maximum and minimum values of x3-9x2+24x

(O.99) (O.00, M-02)

(M-98) (M-99)

4. The total output Q is given by Q = 10+60x + 7x2 x3 where x is the input. Find 2 3 the input for which output Q is maximum. (O-98)

5. A manufacturer can sell x items at a price of Rs.(330 x) each. The cost of producing x items is Rs. (x2 + 10x + 12). Determine the number4 of items to be sold so that he can make the maximum profit. 6. Divide 100 into two parts such that the sum of their squares is minimum. (M -00) 7. The sum of two natural numbers is 10. Find them if their product is maximum. 8. A rod 72 metres long is bent to form a rectangle. Find its dimensions if its area is maximum. 9. The perimeter of a rectangle is 100 cm. Find the length of its sides when area is maximum.

(M-00)

(O-00)

10. A rectangle has an area 50 sq. cm. Show that the perimeter is least when it is a square.

11. A box with a square base is to have an open top. The area of the material for making the box is 192 sq. cm. What should be its dimensions in order that the volume is as large as possible? 12. From the corners of a square cardboard of side 18 cm, squares of side x cm are cut out and edges are then turned up so as to form an open box. Find the value of x, if its volume is maximum. 13. The sum of the perimeter of a circle and a square is K where K is constant. Prove that sum of their areas is least when one side of the square is double the radius of the circle. 14. An open cylindrical tank having circular base and capacity 8000 cubic metres is to be made out of a metal sheet. Determine the dimensions of the tank if the quantity of the sheet used is minimum. 15. A hotel has 80 rooms which are all rented at Rs. 20 per night. The owner wishes to increase the rent. He realises that for each increase of one rupee in the room rent 2 rooms will be vacant. How many units should be rented and at what rent to maximise his daily revenue? ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS FOR PRAC5TICE (DERIVATIVES) 1. Find from first principles the derivatives of the following functions w.r.t. x: (i) (x)=2x3 - 5 Ans. 6x2 (ii) (x) = 1 x2 + 3 _____
(iii)

Ans: -2x (x2+3)2 5x

Ans.
V.Imp.

(x)= (x)=sin2

(iv)

Ans. 2sinx. cosx 2 Ans. 2x + 5 Ans. 7 Ans. 2

(v)

(x)=log(2x + 5)

2. (i) If (x) = x2 3x + 7 find 1(5) from first principles (ii) If (x) = tanx, find 1(/4) from first principles

24. If y = emcos-1x show that (1 x2) d2y - x dy - m2y = 0 dx2 dx 25. If y = (x + show that (x2+ 1) d2y + x dy m2y = 0 dx2 dx 2 methods

26. If ax2+2hxy + by2=0 show that d2y = 0 dx2

27. If x = a cos and y = a sin show that y3 d2y +a2 = 0 dx2 28. If x = a (-sin ) and y = a(1 cos) find d2y dx2 (APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES) 1. Find the approximate percentage error in calculating the volume of a sphere if an error of 2% is made in measuring its radius. Ans: 6% 2. The area of a triangle is calculated by the formula bc sin A. If the angle is measured 30o with 1% error, find the percentage error in the area. Ans: % 6 3. The radius of a sphere is measured as 24 cm with a possible error of 0.01 cm. Find : (i) The approximate error, (ii) Relative error, (iii) Percentage error in calculating its surface area. Ans. (i) 1.92 cm2, (ii) 0.00083, (iii) 0.083% 4. Find an approximate value of each of the following: (i) correct to four decimal places. (ii) (iii) (iv) Ans. -- 1 cosec4( ) 4a

Ans. 8.0006 Ans. 3.037 Ans: 2.031 Ans: 0.4887

correct to three decimal places.

o

correct to three decimal places. 451), given that 1o = 0.0175 radians, sin60o = 0.8660

5. Find the approximate value correct to 3 decimal places of 3 2x + 7x + 1 at x = 2.001 6. Examine the following functions for maxima and minima: (i) (x) = 2x3-9x2 + 12x + 5 (ii) (x) = 2x3 +3x2 - 12x + 7 (iii) (x) = x3-2x2 + x + 10 Ans: (i) (ii) (iii)

Ans: 31.031

Max. at Max. value Min. at Min. value

x=1 10 x=2 9

x=-2 27 x=1 0

x = 1/3 274/27 x=1 10

7. A box with a square base and an open top is to have a volume of 32 c.c. Find its dimensions if it is to be made with the minimum area of material. Ans: Base: 4 cm; Height: 2 cm 8. A manufacturer can sell x items at a price of Rs.( Rs. ( ) per item and it costs Ans: 12.5

) to produce x items. Find profit maximizing output.

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