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    Developmental psychology is the study of how people change throughout their life span from conception to late adulthood. Key areas of development include physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth. Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development and Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development are two influential theories that describe age-related changes. Development proceeds through critical periods in infancy and childhood as relationships with parents and peers shape social skills and identity formation. Physical and cognitive changes occur again during adolescence as identity and independence develop. Adulthood brings new challenges of forming partnerships, parenthood, and career while aging involves social and cognitive adjustments.

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    Developmental psychology is the study of how people change throughout their life span from conception to late adulthood. Key areas of development include physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth. Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development and Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development are two influential theories that describe age-related changes. Development proceeds through critical periods in infancy and childhood as relationships with parents and peers shape social skills and identity formation. Physical and cognitive changes occur again during adolescence as identity and independence develop. Adulthood brings new challenges of forming partnerships, parenthood, and career while aging involves social and cognitive adjustments.

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    59 views9 pages

    Chapter 9

    Uploaded by

    aravind
    Developmental psychology is the study of how people change throughout their life span from conception to late adulthood. Key areas of development include physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth. Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development and Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development are two influential theories that describe age-related changes. Development proceeds through critical periods in infancy and childhood as relationships with parents and peers shape social skills and identity formation. Physical and cognitive changes occur again during adolescence as identity and independence develop. Adulthood brings new challenges of forming partnerships, parenthood, and career while aging involves social and cognitive adjustments.

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    Chapter 9 Life Span Development Developmental Psychology: the study of how people change throughout their life span

    Ways to study developmental psychology o Cross-sectional study:

    o Cohort effects

    o Longitudinal studies

    o Biographical study Prenatal development: development from conception to birth Fertilized egg embryo fetus

    Critical period: when the fetus can be affected by harmful substances Fetal alcohol syndrome

    New born babies (neonates) Newborns have many reflexes such as: Rooting reflex

    Sucking reflex

    Swallowing reflex

    Grasping reflex

    Stepping reflex:

    Temperament Easy

    Difficult

    Slow to warm up

    Shy

    Perceptual abilities of infants Vision

    Depth Perception

    Other Senses

    Infancy and Childhood Physical Development

    Motor Development

    Occurs in a proximodistal fashion

    Cognitive Development Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development Sensory motor stage (birth to about 2)

    Development of object permanence

    Mental representations

    Preoperational stage (about 2 to about 7)

    Egocentric

    Concrete operational stage (about 7 to about 11) Principle of conservation

    Formal operational stage

    Criticisms of Piagets theory

    Moral Development: Kohlberg Preconventional

    Conventional

    Post conventional

    Criticisms of Kohlberg

    Language Development

    Theories of Language Development Skinners reinforcement view

    Chromskys language acquisition device

    Social Development Parent-child relationships in infancy: Development of attachment

    Humans dont imprint , they form attachments

    Erik Erikson

    Trust vs mistrust

    Autonomy

    Socialization

    Parent child relationships in childhood Authoritarian

    Permissive

    Authoritative

    Relationships with other children Different play styles o Solitary play

    Parallel play

    o Cooperative play

    Sex-role Development Gender identity

    Gender Constancy

    Gender role awareness

    Gender stereotypes

    Sex-typed behavior

    Television and children

    Adolescence Physical changes Sexual development Puberty

    Menarche

    Early and Late Developers

    o Adolescent sexual activity

    Cognitive changes o Imaginary audience

    o Personal fable

    Personality and social development o How stormy and stressful is adolescence?

    o Forming an identity Identity formation

    Identity crisis

    Moratorium

    Identity diffusion

    o Relationships with peers Cliques

    o Relationships with parents

    Some problems of adolescence

    o Depression and suicide

    o Youth Violence Warning signs of potential violence Lack of connection Masking emotions Withdrawal Silence Rage Increased lying Trouble with friends Hypervigilance Cruelty to other children and animals Other causes for concern regarding acting out violently If they come from a family with a history of criminal violence Child has been abused Belongs to a gang Abuses drugs or alcohol Problems at school Young and Middle Adulthood o Forming partnerships

    o Parenthood

    o Divorce

    The World of Work o Dual-career families

    Cognitive changes

    Personality changes o Midlife crisis

    o Midlife transition

    The change of life

    Late Adulthood Social Changes: gradually occur in 3 stages o Shrinkage of life space

    o Increased individuality

    o Acceptance

    Cognitive Changes

    Facing the end of life o Stages of dying o Denial o Anger o Bargaining o Depression o Acceptance

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