International Journal of Electronics and JOURNAL Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 INTERNATIONAL OF ELECTRONICS AND

D 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 08-12 IAEME

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET)

ISSN 0976 6464(Print) ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 08-12 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijecet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2014): 7.2836 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

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DUAL OPEN STUB LOADED SQUARE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR WLAN AND WIMAX APPLICATIONS
Dr. Nagraj Kulkarni Government College, Gulbarga-585105, Karkataka, India

ABSTRACT In this communication the square microstrip antenna consisting of dual open stubs is presented for quad band operation. The antenna operates between 2.88 to 8.55 GHz. The antenna is constructed with its structure of dimension 8 X 5 X 0.16 cm3. The microstripline feed arrangement along with quarter wave transformer is used to excite the antenna. The antenna exhibits a broadside and linear radiation characteristics. The peak gain of 3.21 dB is obtained in the operating band. The results are presented and discussed. This antenna may find its applications in WLAN and Wimax communication system. Key words: Square, gain, microstrip antenna. 1. INTRODUCTION The microstrip antennas (MSAs) have gained popular position in todays communication system because of their inherent attractive features like light weight, planar in structure, ruggedness, different geometries and shapes, easy installation, low fabrication cost [1] etc. It is the need of the hour to select the antenna that uses single antenna for transmit/receive purpose. The microstrip antenna designers worked hard to put forth many methods and techniques such as cutting slots of different geometries like triangular, bow-tie, rectangular narrow slot, square, circular ring etc. on the radiating patch [2-7], use of corner truncated patches, implementing stubs and shorts on the patches [8-10] etc. to achieve dual, triple and multiband operations. But the antenna operating at four independent bands is presented with simple stub loading technique. This kind of study is found to be rare in the literature. 2. DESIGNING The low cost glass epoxy substrate material of area A B, thickness h = 0.16 cm and dielectric constant r = 4.2 is used to fabricate the proposed antenna. The artwork of the antenna is
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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 08-12 IAEME

sketched using computer software Auto CAD to achieve better accuracy. Photolithography process is used to fabricate the antenna.

Figure 1: Top view geometry SMSA Figure 1 shows the top view geometry of square microstrip antenna (SMSA), which is designed for the resonant frequency of 3.5 GHz using the equations available in the literature for the design of square microstrip antenna [11]. The SMSA consists of a square radiating patch of equal length (L) and width (W). The Lf and Wf are the length and width of the microstripline used to excite the patch. A semi miniature-A (SMA) connector of 50 impedance is used at the tip of the microstripline to feed the microwave power. A quarter wave transformer of length Lt and width Wt is used to match the impedances between lower radiating edge of the patch and microstripline feed.

Figure 2: Geometry of DOSMSA Figure 2 shows the geometry of dual open stub loaded square microstrip antenna (DOSMSA). Two open stubs of horizontal and vertical lengths X and Y respectively are placed at two diagonally opposite corners of the SMSA. Table 1 gives the design parameters of SMSA and DOSMSA. Table 1: Design parameters of SMSA and DOSMSA ( cm ) Wf Lt Wt A B L W Lf 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.18 2.18 0.32 0.32 1.09 1.09 0.06 0.06 5 5 8 8

Antenna SMSA DOSMSA

X 0.8

Y 0.2

3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The Agilent Technologies make (Agilent N5230A: A.06.04.32), Vector Network Analyzer is used to measure the experimental return loss of SMSA and DOSMSA.

International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 08-12 IAEME

Figure 3: Variation of return retur loss versus frequency of SMSA lo versus frequency of SMSA. . From this figure it is Figure 3 shows the variation of return loss seen that, the SMSA resonates at 3.43 GHz of frequency which is nearer to the designed frequency of 3.5 GHz. The experimental impedance impe bandwidth over return loss less than -10 10 dB is calculated using the formula,
Impedance bandwidth (%) = fH fL 100 % fC (1)

where, fH and fL are the upper and lower cut off frequencies of the resonating bands when their return loss reaches -10 10 dB and fC is a centre frequency of fH and fL. The impedance bandwidth is found to be 2.94 %.

Figure 4: Variation of return loss versus frequency freque of SMSA

Figure 4 shows the variation of return loss versus frequency of DOSMSA DOSMSA. The antenna resonates at four modes of frequencies f1, f2, f3 and f4 with their respective impedance bandwidths are BW1 = 5.7 % (2.88-3.05 GHz) BW2 = 6.1 % (4.71-5.01 GHz) BW3 = 3.2 % (6.60-6.82 6.82 GHz) and BW4 = 19.65 % (7.02-8.55 GHz). The first band BW1 is due to the fundamental resonance of the patch and the bands BW2 to BW4 are due to insertion of open stubs on the radiating patch. Further it is noted that, the use of stubs on the patch, the frequency ratio between the successive bands is nearly 1.63. The copper area of DOSMSA reduces by 7.8 % when compared ompared to the copper area of S SMSA.

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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 08-12 IAEME

Figure 5: Radiation pattern of SMSA measured at 3.43 GHz

Figure 6: Radiation pattern of DOSMSA measured at 2.965 GHz Fig 5 and 6 show the radiation patterns of SMSA and DOSMSA SMSA respectively. It can be noted from these figures that, the patterns are broadside and linearly polarized. The cross-polar cross polar power level is much lower when compared to the co-polar co polar power level indicates the broad nature of radiation. The gain of SMSA and DOSMSA SMSA is calculated using the absolute gain method given by t the relation,
(G ) dB = 10 log

Pr 0 dB - (Gt ) dB - 20 log 4 R Pt

(2)

where, Gt is the gain of the pyramidal horn antenna and R is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the antenna under test (AUT). The power received by AUT, Pr and the power transmitted by standard pyramidal horn antenna Pt is measured independently. The gain measured for SMSA is found to be 0.8 dB maximum and the peak gain of DOSMSA is found to be 3.21 dB. This indicates that the novel geometry of DOSMSA enhances the gain of the antenna by 4 times in its operating band when compared to the gain of SMSA. 4. CONCLUSION From this detailed study, it is concluded that DOSMSA enhances the gain from 0.8 dB to 3.21 dB which is nearly 4 times more when compared to the gain of SMSA. The use of dual open stubs on the two diagonally opposite corners of DOSMSA make antenna to operate for four independent bands between 2.88 to 8.55 GHz with a frequency ratio nearly 1.63 between the bands. The placement of stubs also makes the antenna to use less copper area of about 7.8 % when compared to the copper area of SMSA. MSA. The radiation characteristics of SMSA MSA and DOSMSA are broadside and linearly polarized. The proposed antenna is simple in its geometry an and construction. This antenna may be used for WLAN and Wimax communication system.

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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 08-12 IAEME

REFERENCES 1. 2. G. Kumar and K. P. Ray, Broadband Microstrip Antennas, MA: MA: Artech House, Norwood, (2003). A.A. Eldek., A.Z. Elsherbeni, and C.E. Smith, Characteristics of bow-tie slot antenna with tapered tuning stubs for wideband operation, Progress In Electromagnetic Research PIER 49, (2004), 53 69. Daniel C. Nascimento, Ricardo Schildberg, and J. C. da S. Lacava, Design Design of Low-cost Low Microstrip Antennas for Glonass Applications, PIERS, vOL. 4, NO. 7, (2008), 767-770. S. Sadat,., M. Fardis., F. Geran, and G. Dadashzadeh, A compact microstrip square-ring slot antenna for UWB applications, Progress In Electromagnetic Research PIER 67, (2007), 173-179. K.P.Ray. and Deepti Das Krishna, Compact dual band suspended semicircular microstrip antenna with half U slot, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol.48, Oct. (2006), 2021-2024, C. Chulvanich, J. Nakasuwan, N. Songthanapitak N. Anantrasirichai and T. Wakabayashi, Design Narrow Slot Antenna for Dual Frequency, PIERS, vol. 3, No. 7, (2007), 1024 1024-1028. M. Shehata EI-Sallamy, M Youssef Omar, and Darwish Abdelaz, Tri Tri-Slot Loaded Equilateral Triangular Microstrip Antenna for Compact and Dual-Frequency Dual Frequency Operation, th 126 National radio science conference (NRSC2009), 1-6. 1 R.B Waterhouse, Broadband adband stacked shorted patch Electronic Lett, 35, (1999), 98-100. Jui-Han Lu and Kin Lu Wong, Single feed circularly polarized equilateral triangular microstrip antenna with a tuning stub, IEEE Trans. Ant and Propagat, 48(2000). (2000). 1869-1872, Yuan Li, R. Chair, K. M. Luk, and K. F. Lee, Shorted wideband low-profile profile Patch antenna with two Shorting pins, Microwave Opt. Technol Lett,41 (2004), 135-137. Antennas: John D Kraus: : MacGraw Hill Pub Co.Ltd. Chandrappa D.N., P.A.Ambresh and nd P.V.Hunagund, Varactor Diode Loaded Double Square Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Engineering &Technology (IJECET), Volume 4, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 226 - 231, , ISSN Print: 0976 0976- 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 6472. Kishan Singh and Shivasharanappa vasharanappa N Mulgi,, Mulgi, Complementary-Symmetric Symmetric Corner Truncated Compact Square Microstrip Antenna for Wide Band Operation, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Engineerin & Technology (IJECET), Volume 1, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 99 - 106, , ISSN Print: 0976 0976- 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 6472. Anurag Sharma, Ramesh Bharti and nd Archanaagarwal, Enhanced Bandwidth Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna, , International Journal ournal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), Volume 4, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 41 - 47, ISSN Print: 0976- 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 6472.

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BIO-DATA Dr. Nagraj K. Kulkarni received his M.Sc, M.Phil and Ph. D degree in Applied Electronics from Gulbarga University University Gulbarga in the year 1995, 1996 and 2014 respectively. He is working as an Assistant professor and Head, in the Department of Electronics Government Degree College C Gulbarga. He is an active researcher in the field of Microwave Electronics.

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