Problem 1.

13

[Difficulty: 5]

Given: Find: Solution:

The data provided are:

Data on sphere and terminal speed from Problem 1.12. Distance traveled to reach 99% of terminal speed; plot of distance versus time. Use given data; integrate equation of motion by separating variables.
13

kVt

M = 1 10

slug

ft Vt = 0.2 s M dV dt = M g k V (1) M g Vt

mg

Newton's 2nd law for the general motion is (ignoring buoyancy effects)

Newton's 2nd law for the steady state motion becomes (ignoring buoyancy effects) k = 1 10
13

M g = k Vt

so

k =

slug 32.2

ft s
2

s 0.2 ft

lbf s

slug ft

11 lbf s k = 1.61 10 ft

To find the distance to reach 99% of Vt, we need V(y). From 1: V dV Separating variables g k M V
2

dV dt

= M

dy dV dV = M V = M g k V dt dy dy

= dy

Integrating and using limits

y=

M g k
2

ln 1

k M g

M k

V ft s

We must evaluate this when

V = 0.99 Vt
2 2

V = 0.198

y = 1 10

13

slug

32.2 ft s
2

2 2 lbf s 1 s 0.198 ft slug ft 11 lbf s ln 1 1.61 10 ... 11 13 32.2 ft 2 ft s slug ft 1 10 lbf s slug 1.61 10 lbf s

ft

+ 1 10

13

slug ft

ft 1.61 10
11

0.198 ft s

lbf s

lbf s

slug ft

y = 4.49 10

Alternatively we could use the approach of Problem 1.12 and first find the time to reach terminal speed, and use this time in y(t) to find the above value of y: dV From 1, separating variables g k M M k V ln 1 k M g V = dt

Integrating and using limits

t=

(2)

We must evaluate this when

V = 0.99 Vt
2

V = 0.198

ft s 1 1 10
13

t = 1 10

13

slug

ft 1.61 10
11

lbf s

lbf s

slug ft

ln 1 1.61 10

11 lbf s

ft

slug

32.2 ft

0.198 ft s

slug ft lbf s
2

t = 0.0286 s V= dy dt = M g k

From 2, after rearranging

1 e
k M

k M

Integrating and using limits

M g M y= t + e k k
ft 1.61 10
11

y = 1 10

13

slug

32.2 ft s
2

lbf s

lbf s

slug ft

0.0291 s ...

2 ft lbf s + 10 13 slug e 11 slug ft 1.61 10 lbf s

1.61 10 1 10

11

13

.0291 1

y = 4.49 10

ft

3.75

y (0.001 ft)

2.5

1.25

10

15

20

25

t (ms)

This plot can also be presented in Excel.