RULE 129 1. MACTAN-CEBU INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY (MCIAA) vs. HEIRS OF MARCELINA L. SERO, et a . G.R. NO.

174672 April 16, 2008 State!e"t #$ t%e Fa&ts: On July 6, 1999, respondents filed !o"pl int # inst se$er l defend nts for re!o$ery of o%ners&ip nd de!l r tion of nullity of se$er l 'r nsfer (ertifi! tes of 'itle, four of %&i!& re re#istered in t&e n "es of t&e petitioner ) !t n*(e+u ,ntern tion l Airport Aut&ority nd t&e Repu+li!. '&e su+-e!t properties %ere !.uired +y t&e (i$il Aeron uti!s Ad"inistr tion t&rou#& e/propri tion pro!eedin#s for t&e e/p nsion nd i"pro$e"ent of t&e 0 &u# Airport. 1u+se.uently, &o%e$er, 0 &u# irport % s ordered !losed on No$e"+er 29, 1989, nd ll its fun!tions nd oper tions %ere tr nsferred to petitioner )(,AA Respondents r#ue t& t t&e properties %&i!& %ere e/propri ted in !onne!tion %it& t&e oper tion of t&e 0 &u# Airport s&ould +e re!on$eyed to t&e re l o%ners !onsiderin# t& t t&e purpose for %&i!& t&e properties %ere e/propri ted is no lon#er rele$ nt in $ie% of t&e !losure of t&e 0 &u# Airport. On June 14, 2001, t&e R'( dis"issed t&e !o"pl int on t&e #rounds t& t t&e respondents & d no ! use of !tion, nd t& t t&e !tion % s + rred +y pres!ription nd l !&es. '&e (ourt of Appe ls re$ersed t&e Orders of t&e R'(. 2en!e, t&is petition. State!e"t #$ t%e Iss'e: 3&et&er t&e !ourt of ppe ls #r $ely erred in &oldin# t& t respondents & $e ! use of !tion # inst petitioner R' ("): 3&ile tri l !ourt fo!uses on t&e f !tu l lle# tions in !o"pl int, it ! nnot disre# rd st tutes nd de!isions " teri l nd rele$ nt to t&e proper ppre!i tion of t&e .uestions +efore it. ,n resol$in# "otion to dis"iss, e$ery !ourt "ust t 4e -udi!i l noti!e of de!isions t&is (ourt & s rendered s pro$ided +y 1e!tion 1 of Rule 129 of t&e Rules of (ourt. '&e (ourt of Appe ls f iled to !onsider t&e de!ision rendered +y t&e 1upre"e (ourt in ) !t n*(e+u ,ntern tion l Airport $. (ourt of Appe ls. ,n t&is ! se, t&e title o$er t&e e/propri ted l nd #r nted to t&e Repu+li! of t&e 5&ilippines in fee si"ple %it&out ny !ondition t& t it %ould +e returned to t&e o%ners or t& t t&e o%ners & d ri#&t to repur!& se t&e s "e if t&e purpose for %&i!& it % s e/propri ted is ended or + ndoned or if t&e property % s to +e used ot&er t& n s t&e 0 &u# irport. 3&en l nd & s +een !.uired for pu+li! use in fee si"ple, un!ondition lly, eit&er +y t&e e/er!ise of e"inent do" in or +y pur!& se, t&e for"er o%ner ret ins no ri#&ts in t&e l nd, nd t&e pu+li! use " y +e + ndoned, or t&e l nd " y +e de$oted to different use, %it&out ny i"p ir"ent of t&e est te or title !.uired, or ny re$ersion to t&e for"er o%ner.

RULE 129 2. *RACE *ARCIA, a.+.a. *RACE *ARCIA-RECIO vs. RE,ERIC- RECIO G.R. No. 168622 O!to+er 2, 2001 State!e"t #$ t%e Fa&ts: Rederi!4 A. Re!io, 7ilipino, % s " rried to 8dit& 1 "son, n Austr li n (iti9en, in ) l +on, Ri9 l on ) r!& 1, 1987. '&ey li$ed s &us+ nd nd %ife in Austr li . 2o%e$er, Austr li n f "ily !ourt issued de!ree of di$or!e, dissol$in# t&e " rri #e of Rederi!4 nd 8dit& on ) y 18, 1989. On J nu ry 12, 1994, Rederi!4 " rried Gr !e J. G r!i %&ere it % s sole"ni9ed t Our l dy of 5erpetu l 2elp (&ur!&, ( + n tu n (ity. 2o%e$er, t&e !ouple li$ed sep r tely sin!e O!to+er 22, 199: %it&out prior -udi!i l dissolution of t&eir " rri #e nd %&ile t&ey %ere still in Austr li , t&eir !on-u# l ssets %ere di$ided on ) y 16, 1996, in !!ord n!e %it& t&eir 1t tutory ;e!l r tions se!ured in Austr li . Gr !e filed (o"pl int for ;e!l r tion of Nullity of ) rri #e on t&e #round of +i# "y on ) r!& 6, 1998, !l i"in# t& t s&e le rned only in No$e"+er 1997, Rederi!4<s " rri #e %it& 8dit& 1 "son. '&e tri l !ourt de!l red t&e " rri #e dissol$ed on t&e #round t& t t&e di$or!e issued in Austr li % s $ lid nd re!o#ni9ed in t&e 5&ilippines, nd t&ere % s no "ore " rit l union to nullify or nnul. 2en!e, t&is 5etition State!e"t #$ t%e Iss'e: 3&et&er t&e tri l !ourt #r $ely erred in findin# t& t t&e di$or!e de!ree o+t ined in Austr li +y t&e respondent ipso facto ter"in ted &is first " rri #e to 8dit& 1 "son t&ere+y ! p !it tin# &i" to !ontr !t se!ond " rri #e %it& t&e petitioner R' ("): Respondent !ontends t& t t&e +urden to pro$e Austr li n di$or!e l % f lls upon petitioner, +e! use s&e is t&e p rty !& llen#in# t&e $ lidity of forei#n -ud#"ent nd t&e Austr li n di$or!e l % is lle#edly 4no%n +y 5&ilippine !ourts= t&us, -ud#es " y t 4e -udi!i l noti!e of forei#n l %s in t&e e/er!ise of sound dis!retion. 3e re not persu ded. '&e +urden of proof lies %it& >t&e p rty %&o lle#es t&e e/isten!e of f !t or t&in# ne!ess ry in t&e prose!ution or defense of n !tion. 1in!e t&e di$or!e % s defense r ised +y respondent, t&e +urden of pro$in# t&e pertinent Austr li n l % $ lid tin# it f lls s.u rely upon &i". ,t is %ell*settled in our -urisdi!tion t& t our !ourts ! nnot t 4e -udi!i l noti!e of forei#n l %s. 0i4e ny ot&er f !ts, t&ey "ust +e lle#ed nd pro$ed. Austr li n " rit l l %s re not "on# t&ose " tters t& t -ud#es re supposed to 4no% +y re son of t&eir -udi!i l fun!tion. '&e po%er of -udi!i l noti!e "ust +e e/er!ised %it& ! ution, nd e$ery re son +le dou+t upon t&e su+-e!t s&ould +e resol$ed in t&e ne# ti$e.

RULE 129 .. ANICETO SALU,O, /R. vs. AMERICAN E0PRESS INTERNATIONAL, INC., a"12#3 IAN T. FISH a"1 ,OMINIC MASCRINAS G.R. No. 1:9:07 April 19, 2006 State!e"t #$ t%e Fa&ts: Ani!eto G. 1 ludo filed !o"pl int for d " #es # inst t&e A"eri! n 8/press ,ntern tion l, ,n!? @A)8AB. ,n t&e !o"pl int, it % s lle#ed t& t 1 ludo is 7ilipino !iti9en, of le# l #e, nd "e"+er of t&e 2ouse of Represent ti$es nd resident of ,!&on, ) !&ro&on, 1out&ern 0eyte, 5&ilippines. '&e !o"pl int<s ! use of !tion ste""ed fro" t&e lle#ed %ron#ful dis&onor of 1 ludo<s A)8A !redit ! rd nd t&e supple"ent ry ! rd issued to &is d u#&ter. A)8A r ised t&e ffir" ti$e defense of l !4 of ! use of !tion nd i"proper $enue +e! use none of t&e p rties %ere residents of 0eyte. 1 ludo t&en sserted t&e !ourt to t 4e -udi!i l noti!e of t&e f !t t& t &e is "e"+er of t&e (on#ress in!ludin# t& t of +ein# resident of t&e distri!t nd t& t &e is lso "e"+er of t&e ,nte#r ted C r of t&e 5&ilippines*1out&ern 0eyte (& pter. '&e lo%er !ourt up&eld petitioner<s residen!e t ,!&on, ) !&ro&on, 1out&ern 0eyte, 5&ilippines %&i!& ! n +e t 4en -udi!i l noti!e of. 2o%e$er, t&e ppell te !ourt re$ersed t&e de!ision. 2en!e t&is petition. State!e"t #$ t%e Iss'e: 3&et&er -udi!i l noti!e " y+e t 4en of t&e f !t t& t petitioner is t&e in!u"+ent !on#ress" n of t&e lone distri!t of 1out&ern 0eyte nd s su!&, &e is resident of s id distri!t. R' ("): '& t 1 ludo<s residen!e in 1out&ern 0eyte, t&e distri!t &e % s representin# s !on#ress" n !ould +e t 4en -udi!i l noti!e of. (ourts re llo%ed >to t 4e -udi!i l noti!e of " tters %&i!& re of pu+li! 4no%led#e, or re ! p +le of un.uestion +le de"onstr tion, or ou#&t to +e 4no%n to -ud#es +e! use of t&eir -udi!i l fun!tions.D '&e !on!ept of >f !ts of !o""on 4no%led#eD in t&e !onte/t of -udi!i l noti!e & s +een e/pl ined s t&ose f !ts t& t re so !o""only 4no%n in t&e !o""unity s to " 4e it unprofit +le to re.uire proof, nd so !ert inly 4no%n to s to " 4e it indisput +le "on# re son +le "en. '&e f !t of !on#ress" n +ein# duly ele!ted !ould +e properly t 4en -udi!i l noti!e of +y tri l !ourt, t&e s "e +ein# " tter of !o""on 4no%led#e in t&e !o""unity %&ere it sits. 0i4e%ise, it is +ound to 4no% t& t under t&e (onstitution, one of t&e .u lifi! tions of !on#ress" n is & $in# residen!e in t&e distri!t in %&i!& &e s& ll +e ele!ted.

RULE 129 4. CASENT REALTY ,E5ELOPMENT CORP. $s. PHILBAN-IN* CORP. G.R. No. 1:0761 1epte"+er 14, 2007 State!e"t #$ t%e Fa&ts6 ,n 1984, ( sent Re lty ;e$elop"ent (orpor tion e/e!uted t%o pro"issory notes in f $or of R re Re lty (orpor tion in$ol$in# t&e "ounts of 5&5600,000 nd 5&5 681,:00. '&ese pro"issory notes %ere ssi#ned to 5&il+ n4in# (orpor tion t&rou#& ;eed of Assi#n"ent. 5&il+ n4in# lle#ed t& t despite de" nds, ( sent f iled to p y t&e pro"issory notes upon " turity su!& t& t its o+li# tion lre dy "ounted to 5&5 :,676,606.90. 5&il+ n4in# !o"pl int +efore t&e R'( for t&e !olle!tion of s id "ount. ,n its Ans%er, ( sent r ised s spe!i l? ffir" ti$e defenses: t& t t&e p rties e/e!uted Dacion en Pago %&i!& !eded nd !on$eyed ( sent<s property to 5&il+ n4in#, %it& t&e intention of tot lly e/tin#uis&in# its outst ndin# !!ounts= nd t& t ( sent !o"plied %it& t&e !ondition re# rdin# t&e repur!& se of t&e property sin!e t&e o+li# tion % s fully p id. ( sent, +y % y of !o"pulsory !ounter!l i", lle#ed t& t it " de n o$erp y"ent of ppro/i" tely 5&5 4 "illion in!lusi$e of interest + sed on (entr l C n4 Referen!e 0endin# R tes on d tes of o$erp y"ent. '&e p rties f iled to re !& n "i! +le settle"ent. '&ere fter, 5&il+ n4in# presented its e$iden!e nd for" lly offered its e/&i+its. ( sent t&en filed )otion for Jud#"ent on ;e"urrer to t&e 8$iden!e, pointin# out t& t t&e 5&il+ n4in#<s f ilure to file Reply to t&e Ans%er %&i!& r ised t&e Dacion nd (onfir" tion 1t te"ent !onstituted n d"ission of t&e #enuineness nd e/e!ution of s id do!u"ents= nd t& t sin!e t&e Dacion o+liter ted ( sent<s o+li# tion !o$ered +y t&e pro"issory notes, t&e + n4 & d no ri#&t to !olle!t ny"ore. 5&il+ n4in# su+se.uently filed n Opposition. '&e tri l !ourt ruled in f $or of petitioner nd dis"issed t&e !o"pl int. '&e (A found t& t under t&e ;eed of Assi#n"ent, respondent !le rly & d t&e ri#&t to pro!eed # inst t&e pro"issory notes ssi#ned +y R re Re lty. '&us, t&e (A re$ersed t&e de!ision of t&e R'(. ( sent filed n )R +ut % s denied. State!e"t #$ t%e Iss'es6 1. 3ON t&e ( sent<s f ilure to file Reply nd deny t&e Dacion nd (onfir" tion 1t te"ent under o t& !onstitute -udi!i l d"ission of t&e #enuineness nd due e/e!ution of t&ese do!u"ents. 2. 3ON -udi!i l d"issions +e !onsidered in resol$in# de"urrer to e$iden!e. ,f yes, re t&e -udi!i l d"issions in t&is ! se suffi!ient to % rr nt t&e dis"iss l of t&e !o"pl intE

RULE 129 R' ("): 1. '&e petition is p rtly "eritorious. 1in!e 5&il+ n4in# f iled to file Reply, in effe!t, 5&il+ n4in# d"itted t&e #enuineness nd due e/e!ution of s id do!u"ents. '&is -udi!i l d"ission s&ould & $e +een !onsidered +y t&e ppell te !ourt in resol$in# t&e de"urrer to e$iden!e. Rule 129, 1e!tion 4 of t&e Rules of (ourt pro$ides: 1e!tion 4.Judicial admissions.FFAn d"ission, $er+ l or %ritten, " de +y p rty in t&e !ourse of t&e pro!eedin# in t&e s "e ! se, does not re.uire proof. '&e d"ission " y +e !ontr di!ted only +y s&o%in# t& t it % s " de t&rou#& p lp +le "ist 4e or t& t no su!& d"ission % s " de. On ppe l to t&e (A, 5&il+ n4in# !l i"ed t& t e$en t&ou#& it f iled to file Reply, ll t&e ne% " tters lle#ed in t&e Ans%er re dee"ed !ontro$erted ny% y, pursu nt to Rule 6, 1e!tion 10. 1( #reed %it& ( sent. Rule 8, 1e!tion 8 spe!ifi! lly pplies to !tions or defenses founded upon %ritten instru"ent nd pro$ides t&e " nner of denyin# it. ,t is "ore !ontrollin# t& n Rule 6, 1e!tion 10 %&i!& "erely pro$ides t&e effe!t of f ilure to file Reply. '&us, %&ere t&e defense in t&e Ans%er is + sed on n !tion +le do!u"ent, Reply spe!ifi! lly denyin# it under o t& "ust +e " de= ot&er%ise, t&e #enuineness nd due e/e!ution of t&e do!u"ent %ill +e dee"ed d"itted. 1in!e 5&il+ n4in# f iled to deny t&e #enuineness nd due e/e!ution of t&e Dacion nd (onfir" tion 1t te"ent under o t&, t&en t&ese re dee"ed d"itted nd "ust +e !onsidered +y t&e !ourt in resol$in# t&e de"urrer to e$iden!e. 2. Ad"ission of t&e #enuineness nd due e/e!ution of t&e Dacion nd (onfir" tion 1t te"ent does not pre$ent t&e introdu!tion of e$iden!e s&o%in# t& t t&e Dacion e/!ludes t&e pro"issory notes. ( sent, +y % y of defense, s&ould & $e presented e$iden!e to s&o% t& t t&e Dacion in!ludes t&e pro"issory notes. '&e pro"issory notes " tured nd R re Re lty ssi#ned t&ese pro"issory notes to 5&il+ n4in# t&rou#& ;eed of Assi#n"ent d ted Au#. 8, 1986. ,t is !le r fro" t&e deed t& t t&e pro"issory notes %ere #i$en s se!urity for t&e lo n #r nted +y 5&il+ n4in# to R re Re lty. '&rou#& t&e ;eed of Assi#n"ent, 5&il+ n4in# stepped into t&e s&oes of R re Re lty s ( sent<s !reditor. 5&il+ n4in# lle#ed t& t petitioner o+t ined sep r te lo n of 5&5 6,921,7:0. '&us, %&en ( sent nd 5&il+ n4in# e/e!uted t&e Dacion on Au#ust 27, 1986, %& t % s t&en !o$ered % s petitioner<s lo n fro" t&e + n4. '&e l n#u #e of t&e Dacion is une.ui$o! lFFt&e property ser$es in full s tisf !tion of petitioner<s o%n inde+tedness to respondent, referrin# to t&e lo n of 5&5 6,921,7:0. 7or t&is re son, t&e + n4 issued (onfir" tion 1t te"ent s yin# t& t ( sent & s no unp id o+li# tions %it& t&e + n4 s of ;e!. 61, 1988. ,n 1989, &o%e$er, R re Re lty def ulted in its p y"ent to 5&il+ n4in#. '&us, 5&il+ n4in# pro!eeded # inst t&e se!urity ssi#ned to it, t& t is, t&e pro"issory notes issued +y t&e ( sent. 328R87OR8, t&e ) r!& 29, 2001 ;e!ision Resolution of t&e (A re A77,R)8;. nd No$e"+er 7, 2001

RULE 129 7. LAN, BAN- OF THE PHILIPPINES $s. FELICIANO F. 8YCOCO G.R. No. 140160 J nu ry 16, 2004 FELICIANO F. 8YCOCO $s. THE HONORABLE RO,RI*O S. CASPILLO, Pa(3(") /'1)e #$ t%e RTC, T%(31 /'1(&(a Re)(#", B3a"&% 2., Ca9a"at'a" C(t: a"1 t%e ,e;a3t!e"t #$ A)3a3(a" Re$#3! G.R. No. 146766 J nu ry 16, 2004 State!e"t #$ t%e Fa&ts: 7eli!i no 7. 3y!o!o is t&e re#istered o%ner of 94.1690 &e!t re unirri# ted nd unten nted ri!e l nd situ ted in t&e 1itios of A+l n#, 1 #uin# n nd 5in "un#&il n, C rrio of 1 n Ju n, 0i! +, Nue$ 8!i- . ,n line %it& t&e (AR5 of t&e #o$ern"ent, 3y!o!o $olunt rily offered to sell t&e l nd to t&e ;AR for 514.9 "illion.After t&e ;AR<s e$ lu tion of t&e ppli! tion nd t&e deter"in tion of t&e -ust !o"pens tion +y t&e 0 nd C n4, noti!e of intention to !.uire 84.:690 &e!t res of t&e property for 51,642,667.46 % s sent to 3y!o!o. 0 ter it % s r ised to 52,:94,04:.69 nd, upon re$ie%, % s "odified to 52,280,1:9.82. 3y!o!o re-e!ted t&e offer, pro"ptin# t&e ;AR to indorse t&e ! se to t&e ;ARAC for t&e purpose of fi/in# t&e -ust !o"pens tion in su"" ry d"inistr ti$e pro!eedin#.'&e ;ARAC re.uested 0C5 to open trust !!ount in t&e n "e of 3y!o!o nd deposited t&e !o"pens tion offered +y ;AR. '&e property % s distri+uted to f r"er*+enefi!i ries. ;ARAC re.uired t&e p rties to su+"it t&eir respe!ti$e "e"or nd or position p pers in support of t&eir !l i". 3y!o!o, &o%e$er, de!ided inste d to file t&e inst nt ! se for deter"in tion of -ust !o"pens tion %it& t&e R'(. 3y!o!o filed " nifest tion infor"in# t&e ;ARAC of t&e penden!y of A#r ri n ( se No. 91. '&e ;ARAC dis"issed t&e ! se to #i$e % y to t&e deter"in tion of -ust !o"pens tion +y t&e !ourt. )e n%&ile, ;AR nd 0C5 filed t&eir respe!ti$e ns%ers +efore t&e spe!i l #r ri n !ourt !ontendin# t& t t&e $ lu tion of 3y!o!o<s property % s in !!ord n!e %it& l % nd t& t t&e l tter f iled to e/& ust d"inistr ti$e re"edies +y not p rti!ip tin# in t&e su"" ry d"inistr ti$e pro!eedin#s +efore t&e ;ARAC %&i!& & s pri" ry -urisdi!tion o$er deter"in tion of l nd $ lu tion. '&e e$iden!e presented +y 3y!o!o in support of &is !l i" %ere: @1B '('= @2B Noti!e of 0 nd G lu tion= nd @6B letter re-e!tin# t&e !ounter*offer of 0C5 nd ;AR. '&e ;AR nd 0C5 presented t&e 0 nd G lu tion 3or4s&eets. '&e tri l !ourt rendered de!ision in f $or of 3y!o!o. ,t ruled t& t t&ere is no need to present e$iden!e in support of t&e l nd $ lu tion in s"u!& s it is of pu+li! 4no%led#e t& t t&e pre$ ilin# " r4et $ lue of #ri!ultur l l nds sold in 0i! +, Nue$ 8!i- is fro" 516:,000.00 to 1:0,000.00 per &e!t re. '&e !ourt t&us too4 -udi!i l noti!e t&ereof nd fi/ed t&e !o"pens tion for t&e entire 94.1690 &e!t re l nd t 5142,:00.00 per &e!t re or tot l of 516,428,082.00. '&e ;AR nd t&e 0C5 filed sep r te petitions +efore t&e (A. '&e petition +rou#&t +y ;AR on -urisdi!tion l nd pro!edur l issues % s dis"issed. '&is pro"pted 3y!o!o to file petition for " nd "us +efore t&is (ourt. '&e petition +rou#&t +y 0C5 on +ot& su+st nti$e nd pro!edur l #rounds, % s li4e%ise dis"issed +y t&e (A. 2o%e$er, t&e (A "odified its de!ision +y dedu!tin# fro" t&e !o"pens tion due 3y!o!o t&e "ount !orrespondin# to t&e

RULE 129 6.6672 &e!t re portion of t&e 94.1690 &e!t re l nd %&i!& % s found to & $e +een pre$iously sold +y 3y!o!o to t&e Repu+li!. State!e"t #$ t%e Iss'e: 3ON t&e -ust !o"pens tion deter"ined +y t&e tri l !ourt % s supported +y su+st nti l e$iden!e, %&en it % s + sed only on -udi!i l noti!e of t&e pre$ ilin# " r4et $ lue of l nd + sed on t&e lle#ed pri!e of tr nsfer of tenur l ri#&ts, t 4en %it&out noti!e nd &e rin# in $iol tion of rule 129 of t&e rules of !ourt R' ("): ,n rri$in# t t&e $ lu tion of 3y!o!o<s l nd, t&e '( too4 -udi!i l noti!e of t&e lle#ed pre$ ilin# " r4et $ lue of #ri!ultur l l nds in 0i! +, Nue$ 8!i%it&out pprisin# t&e p rties of its intention to t 4e -udi!i l noti!e t&ereof. 1e!tion 6, Rule 129 of t&e Rules on 8$iden!e pro$ides: 1e!. 6.Judi!i l Noti!e, 3&en 2e rin# Ne!ess ry. F ;urin# t&e tri l, t&e !ourt, on its o%n initi ti$e, or on re.uest of p rty, " y nnoun!e its intention to t 4e -udi!i l noti!e of ny " tter nd llo% t&e p rties to +e &e rd t&ereon. After tri l nd +efore -ud#"ent or on ppe l, t&e proper !ourt, on its o%n initi ti$e, or on re.uest of p rty, " y t 4e -udi!i l noti!e of ny " tter nd llo% t&e p rties to +e &e rd t&ereon if su!& " tter is de!isi$e of " teri l issue in t&e ! se. ,n s"u!& s t&e $ lu tion of t&e property of 3y!o!o is t&e $ery issue in t&e ! se t + r, t&e 1( s&ould & $e llo%ed t&e p rties to present e$iden!e t&ereon inste d of pr !ti! lly ssu"in# $ lu tion %it&out + sis. 3&ile " r4et $ lue " y +e one of t&e + ses of deter"inin# -ust !o"pens tion, t&e s "e ! nnot +e r+itr rily rri$ed t %it&out !onsiderin# t&e f !tors to +e ppre!i ted in rri$in# t t&e f ir " r4et $ lue of t&e property e.g., t&e !ost of !.uisition, t&e !urrent $ lue of li4e properties, its si9e, s& pe, lo! tion, s %ell s t&e t / de!l r tions t&ereon.1in!e t&ese f !tors %ere not !onsidered, re" nd of t&e ! se for deter"in tion of -ust !o"pens tion is ne!ess ry. '&e po%er to t 4e -udi!i l noti!e is to +e e/er!ised +y !ourts %it& ! ution espe!i lly %&ere t&e ! se in$ol$es $ st tr !t of l nd. ( re "ust +e t 4en t& t t&e re.uisite notoriety e/ists= nd e$ery re son +le dou+t on t&e su+-e!t s&ould +e pro"ptly resol$ed in t&e ne# ti$e. 'o s y t& t !ourt %ill t 4e -udi!i l noti!e of f !t is "erely not&er % y of s yin# t& t t&e usu l for" of e$iden!e %ill +e dispensed %it& if 4no%led#e of t&e f !t ! n +e ot&er%ise !.uired. '&is is +e! use t&e !ourt ssu"es t& t t&e " tter is so notorious t& t it %ill not +e disputed. Cut -udi!i l noti!e is not -udi!i l 4no%led#e. '&e "ere person l 4no%led#e of t&e -ud#e is not t&e -udi!i l 4no%led#e of t&e !ourt, nd &e is not ut&ori9ed to " 4e &is indi$idu l 4no%led#e of f !t, not #ener lly or profession lly 4no%n, t&e + sis of &is !tion. 328R87OR8, in $ie% of ll t&e fore#oin#, t&e petition in G.R. No. 140160 is 5AR',A00H GRAN'8;. A#r ri n ( se No. 91 @A7B is R8)AN;8; to t&e Re#ion l 'ri l (ourt of ( + n tu n (ity, Cr n!& 26, for t&e deter"in tion of -ust !o"pens tion. '&e petition for " nd "us in G.R. No. 146766 is dis"issed.

RULE 129 <. SOLI,BAN- CORPORATION $s. MIN,ANAO FERROALLOY CORPORATION, S;#'ses /ON*-8ON HON* a"1 SOO-O- -IM HON*, = TERESITA CU, a"1 RICAR,O P. *UE5ARA a"1 S;#'se G.R. No. 1:6:6:. July 28, 200: State!e"t #$ t%e Fa&ts: '&e ) ri (ristin (&e"i! l ,ndustries @)((,B nd t&ree Iore n !orpor tions, n "ely, t&e 1s n#yon# (orpor tion, t&e 5o& n# ,ron nd 1teel (o"p ny nd t&e ;on#il ,ndustries (o"p ny, 0td., de!ided to for#e -oint $enture nd est +lis& !orpor tion, under t&e n "e of t&e )ind n o 7erro lloy (orpor tion %it& prin!ip l offi!es in ,li# n (ity. Ri! rdo 5. Gue$ r % s t&e 5resident nd (& ir" n of t&e Co rd of ;ire!tors of t&e (orpor tion. Jon#*3on 2on#, t&e Gener l ) n #er of 1s n#yon# (orpor tion, % s t&e Gi!e*5resident of t&e (orpor tion for 7in n!e, ) r4etin# nd Ad"inistr tion. 1o % s 'eresit R. (u. '&e Co rd of ;ire!tors of t&e (orpor tion ppro$ed JResolution< ut&ori9in# its 5resident nd (& ir" n of t&e Co rd of ;ire!tors or 'eresit R. (u, !tin# to#et&er %it& Jon#* 3on 2on#, to se!ure n o"ni+us line in t&e ##re# te "ount of 560,000,000.00 fro" t&e 1olid+ n4. '&e (orpor tion nd t&e C n4 #reed to !onsolid te nd, t t&e s "e ti"e, restru!ture t&e 2 lo n $ il"ents. '&e (orpor tion e/e!uted 5ro"issory Note in f $or of t&e C n4 e$iden!in# its lo n in t&e "ount of 5:,160,000.00, p y +le on 1ept. 20, 1991. 'eresit (u nd Jon#*3on 2on# ffi/ed t&eir si#n tures on t&e note. 'o se!ure t&e p y"ent of t&e s id lo n, t&e (orpor tion, t&rou#& Jon#*3on 2on# nd 'eresit (u, e/e!uted J;eed of Assi#n"ent< in f $or of t&e C n4 !o$erin# its ri#&ts, title nd interest to t&e entire pro!eeds of dr fts dr %n under ,rre$o! +le 0etter of (redit opened %it& '&e )itsu+is&i C n4 0td. '&e (orpor tion li4e%ise e/e!uted JKued n<, +y % y of ddition l se!urity, under %&i!& t&e (orpor tion +ound nd o+li#ed to 4eep nd &old, in trust for t&e C n4 or its Order, J7errosili!on for L1M197,679.00<. Jon#*3on 2on# nd 'eresit (u ffi/ed t&eir si#n tures t&ereon for t&e (orpor tion. '&e (orpor tion, lso, t&rou#& Jon#*3on 2on# nd 'eresit (u, e/e!uted J'rust Re!eipt A#ree"ent<, +y % y of ddition l se!urity for s id lo n, t&e (orpor tion undert 4in# to &old in trust, for t&e C n4, s its property. 2o%e$er, s&ortly fter t&e e/e!ution of t&e s id deeds, t&e (orpor tion stopped its oper tions. '&e (orpor tion f iled to p y its lo n $ il"ents fro" t&e C n4 in!lusi$e of !!rued interest. '&e C n4 sent letter to t&e (orpor tion de" ndin# p y"ent of its lo n $ il"ents in!lusi$e of interests due. '&e (orpor tion f iled to !o"ply %it& t&e de" nds of t&e C n4. '&e C n4 filed !o"pl int # inst t&e (orpor tion %it& t&e R'(, for J1u" of )oney< %it& ple for t&e issu n!e of %rit of preli"in ry tt !&"ent.

RULE 129 On 7e+ru ry 28, 2000, t&e (ourt rendered J1u"" ry Jud#"ent< # inst t&e NrespondentO (orpor tion. '&e (A ffir"ed t&e de!ision of t&e R'(. '&e (A &eld t& t t&e indi$idu l respondents %ere not li +le to petitioner for d " #es, si"ply +e! use @1B t&ey & d not re!ei$ed t&e pro!eeds of t&e irre$o! +le 0etter of (redit, %&i!& % s t&e su+-e!t of t&e ;eed of Assi#n"ent= nd @2B t&e #oods su+-e!t of t&e 'rust Re!eipt A#ree"ent & d +een found to +e none/istent. '&e ppell te !ourt too4 -udi!i l noti!e of t&e pr !ti!e of + n4s nd fin n!in# institutions to in$esti# te, e/ "ine nd ssess ll properties offered +y +orro%ers s !oll ter ls, in order to deter"ine t&e fe si+ility nd d$is +ility of #r ntin# lo n. State!e"t #$ t%e Iss'e6 3ON t&e + n4 pr !ti!es +e t&e proper su+-e!t of -udi!i l noti!e under 1e!. 1, Rule 129 of t&e Rules of (ourt R' ("): Judicial Noticeof Bank Practices '&is point +rin#s us to t&e lle#ed error of t&e ppell te !ourt in t 4in# -udi!i l noti!e of t&e pr !ti!e of + n4s in !ondu!tin# + !4#round !&e!4s on +orro%ers nd sureties. 3&ile !ourt is not " nd ted to t 4e -udi!i l noti!e of t&is pr !ti!e under 1e!tion 1 of Rule 129 of t&e Rules of (ourt, it ne$ert&eless " y do so under 1e!tion 2 of t&e s "e Rule. '&e l tter Rule pro$ides t& t !ourt, in its dis!retion, " y t 4e -udi!i l noti!e of P" tters %&i!& re of pu+li! 4no%led#e, or ou#&t to +e 4no%n to -ud#es +e! use of t&eir -udi!i l fun!tions.P '&us, t&e (ourt & s t 4en -udi!i l noti!e of t&e pr !ti!es of + n4s nd ot&er fin n!i l institutions. 5re!isely, it & s noted t& t it is t&eir unifor" pr !ti!e, +efore ppro$in# lo n, to in$esti# te, e/ "ine nd ssess %ould*+e +orro%ers< !redit st ndin# or re l est te offered s se!urity for t&e lo n pplied for. 328R87OR8, t&is 5etition is PARTIALLY GRANT D. '&e ss iled ;e!ision is A!!IR" D# +ut t&e % rd of "or l nd e/e"pl ry d " #es s %ell s ttorney<s fees is D L T D.

RULE 129 >. *ENER 5S. ,E LEON, .<> SCRA <.1, *R N#. 1.?>.?@ 19 O&t#9e3 2??1 State!e"t #$ t%e Fa&ts6 Respondent ;e 0eon filed for!i+le entry ! se # inst petitioner Gener, lle#in# t& t &e is t&e ori#in l !l i" nt nd !tu l possessor in #ood f it& under +on fide !l i" of o%ners&ip to !ert in p r!el of #ri!ultur l l nd in Cul ! n. '&e s id l nd % s p rt of t&e +ed of t&e An# t Ri$er %&i!& % s for"erly d- !ent to t&e +ound ry of lot t& t is !o$ered +y t&e (ertifi! te of 'itle of ;e 0eon. A flood ! used t& t p rt of t&e ri$er to de$elop nd ele$ ted nd dried up l nd %&ere ;e 0eon e/tended o!!up tion, pl ntin# nd !ulti$ tin# !o!onuts, + n n s nd $e#et +les. ,n ) y 1989, Gener lle#edly t&rou#& for!e, t&re t nd inti"id tion unl %fully entered t&e property nd depri$ed ;e 0eon possession t&ereof. ;e 0eon de" nd Gener to $ ! te t&e pre"ises +ut % s i#nored. 8fforts to settle t&e dispute "i! +ly t&ru t&e +r#y -usti!e syste" did not prosper pro"ptin# ;e 0eon to file n e-e!t"ent ! se # inst Gener. Gener on t&e ot&er & nd denied ll lle# tions of t&e respondent nd !l i"ed to +e t&e re l o%ner of t&e property s e$iden!ed +y t&e not ri9ed deed of s le %&i!& % s e/e!uted in O!to+er 1988 +y Cen- "in Jo .uin %&o is t&e &eir of t&e for"er possessor of t&e l nd, 5ro!eso Jo .uin. '&e l nd % s de!l red for t / tion purposes in t&e n "e of Gener nd de!l red t&e l nd s pri$ te. ;e 0eon<s f t&er, in n ffid $it, "entioned t& t 5. Jo .uin % s t&e o%ner t&e nei#&+orin# lot in t&e e st side of t&eir lot. Gener furt&er ttested t& t it % s ;e 0eon %&o for!i+ly entered t&e lot in .uestion s e$iden!ed +y t%o !ri"in l ! ses on " li!ious "is!&ief &e filed # inst t&e %or4ers of ;e ;eleon %&o entered t&e disputed l nd nd destroyed t&e pl nted trees t&ereon. 2e lso in$o4ed t& t t&e ri#&t to file n !tion for e-e!tion lre dy pres!ri+ed fter filin# t&e s "e +eyond t&e 1 ye r pres!ription period. 'ri l ensued %&ere Gener is t&e only %itness to &is defense %&ile ;e 0eon presented or l testi"onies of %itnesses %&o st ted t& t &e % s t&e o%ner of t&e lot in dispute. Gener presented deed of s le, t / de!l r tion of t&e l nd in &is n "e nd re! lled t&e 2 !ri"in l ! ses &e filed on " li!ious "is!&ief # inst t&e %or4er of ;e 0eon. '&e )'( ruled in f $or of ;e 0eon +ut t&e de!ision % s re$ersed +y t&e R'( nd dis"issed t&e for!i+le entry ! se # inst Gener. On ppe l, t&e ppell te !ourt re$ersed t&e de!ision of t&e R'( nd reinst ted t&e de!ision of t&e )'(. A "otion for re!onsider tion % s t&en filed +efore t&e 1(. State!e"t #$ t%e Iss'e6 3&et&er or not t&e )'( s&ould & $e t 4en -udi!i l noti!e of t&e !ri"in l ! ses presented

RULE 129 R' (")6 '&e !ourt ruled t& t in t&e e-e!t"ent ! se t&e issue to +e resol$ed is %&o %ould +e entitled to t&e p&ysi! l or " teri l possession of t&e property in dispute. Respondent ;e 0eon & s &is !l i" founded fro" t&e present tion of testi"oni l e$iden!e of $ rious %itnesses %&ile Gener & s &is !l i" founded on do!u"ent ry e$iden!e %&i!& t&e )'( f iled to ppre!i te durin# t&e tri l. As # inst t&e "ere testi"oni l e$iden!e relied upon +y respondents t& t t&ey %ere for!i+ly e-e!ted fro" t&e l nd +y petitioner on ) y 8, 1989, t&e do!u"ent ry e$iden!e of petitioner<s prior possession, "ore p rti!ul rly t&e e$iden!e of t&e t%o @2B !ri"in l !& r#es &e filed. Or l testi"ony, dependin# s it does e/!lusi$ely on &u" n "e"ory, is not s reli +le s %ritten or do!u"ent ry e$iden!e, espe!i lly %&en s id do!u"ent ry e$iden!e is not opposed. '&e )'( of Nor9 # r y s&ould & $e t 4en -udi!i l noti!e of t&e s id !ri"in l ! ses in$ol$in# t&e su+-e!t p r!el of l nd nd pendin# in its do!4et. 3&ile, s #ener l rule, !ourts re not ut&ori9ed to t 4e -udi!i l noti!e of t&e !ontents of t&e re!ords of ot&er ! ses, e$en %&en su!& ! ses & $e +een tried or re pendin# in t&e s "e !ourt, nd not%it&st ndin# t&e f !t t& t +ot& ! ses " y & $e +een tried or re !tu lly pendin# +efore t&e s "e -ud#e, t&is rule is su+-e!t to t&e e/!eption t& t Pin t&e +sen!e of o+-e!tion nd s " tter of !on$enien!e to ll p rties, !ourt " y properly tre t ll or ny p rt of t&e ori#in l re!ord of t&e ! se filed in its r!&i$es s re d into t&e re!ords of ! se pendin# +efore it, %&en %it& t&e 4no%led#e of t&e opposin# p rty, referen!e is " de to it, +y n "e nd nu"+er or in so"e ot&er " nner +y %&i!& it is suffi!iently desi#n ted.P Respondents did not i"pu#n nor o+-e!t to t&e e$iden!e of petitioner on t&e e/isten!e of t&e s id !ri"in l ! ses of " li!ious "is!&ief t& t sprun# fro" t&e lle#ed for!i+le entry of petitioner<s lle#ed property. '&us, t&e s id )uni!ip l 'ri l (ourt s&ould & $e t 4en -udi!i l noti!e of t&ese f !ts in resol$in# t&e issue of prior possession. ,t ! n t&us inferred t& t Gener too4 possession of t&e property e rlier t& n O!to+er 1988 %&i!& % s t&e d te &e first filed t&e !ri"in l ! se on " li!ious "is!&ief nd ;e 0eon filed t&e petition for for!i+le entry in April 1990, t&e ! use of !tion lre dy pres!ri+ed t&us t&e )'( & s no -urisdi!tion to &e r t&e ! se. '&e 1( dis"issed t&e !o"pl int on for!i+le entry %it&out t&e pre-udi!e to file n ppropri te !tion in t&e R'(.

RULE 129 A. TUASON 5. COURT OF APPEALS, 241 SCRA <97 GR No. 116779*80= 26 7e+r ury 199: State!e"t #$ t%e Fa&ts6 (ipri n 'orres is pu+li! s!&ool te !&er in No$ li!&es %&ose &ouse % s #u rded +y &er " id, Jo$in ) d r o#. ,n July 1988, t&e &o"e of 'orres % s ro++ed +y 4 "en %&o es! ped l ter on usin# 'orres< ! r. ) d r o# % s tied to t&e &e d+o rd nd &er "out& % s # ##ed durin# t&e orde l. After t&e "en es! ped t&ou#&, ) d r o# % s +le to loosen t&e ties, &opped to t&e st irs nd ! lled for &elp. '&eir nei#&+ours 1e"i Kuint l nd An#eli! G r!i &elped &er, Kuint l untied ) d r o# nd G r!i infor"ed 'orres t& t &er &ouse % s ro++ed. 'orres reported t&e ro++ery to t&e poli!e. On July 2:, 1988, ) d r o# nd Kuint l des!ri+ed t&e p&ysi! l fe tures of t&e 4 ro++ers +efore t&e poli!e ! rto#r p&er. One of t&ose "en dr %n +y t&e ! rto#r p&er % s " n %it& l r#e "ole +et%een &is eye+ro%s. On Au#ust 60, 1988, Al$in 'u son % s rrested +y t&e NC, #ents. '&e ne/t d y, t t&e NC, &e d.u rters, &e % s pointed to +y ) d r o# nd t&e ot&er prose!ution %itnesses s one of t&e perpetr tors of t&e !ri"es t +en!&. Kuint l nd t&e ot&er %itnesses for t&e 'orres $erred t& t t&ey & d seen 'u son ne r t&e &ouse of 'orres +efore t&e !ri"e o!!urred. 'u son !ontended t&ou#& t& t &e & s li$ed %it&in t&e nei#&+or&ood of t&e 'orres f "ily sin!e 1978. 2e lso n!&ored &is defense on li+i nd insuffi!ient identifi! tion. 2e st ted t& t on t&e d y t& t t&e !ri"e o!!urred, &e % s %or4in# in &is sister<s + 4ery nd t& t it % s p&ysi! lly i"possi+le for &i" to +e t&ere t t&e s!ene of t&e !ri"e. )oreo$er, &e % s rrested "ore t& n 1 "ont& fter t&e !ri"e o!!urred. 2e %ent to +uy !i# rette in t&e ne r+y s ri*s ri store %&en so"e poli!e s4ed &i" for &is n "e, t&en rrested &i" %it&out ny % rr nt. 2e % s t&en for!i+ly +rou#&t to t&e NC, &e d.u rters. 2e % s surprised %&en n NC, #ent, %&ose identity % s un4no%n to &i", pointed to &i" s one of t&e suspe!ts in t&e ro++ery in t&e presen!e of ) d r o# nd t&e ot&er prose!ution %itnesses. 2is li+i % s supported +y t&e testi"ony of &is sister, An#eli 'u son. '&e tri l !ourt ruled # inst 'u son. One of 'u son<s defen!es % s t& t &e did not & $e "ole in +et%een &is eye+ro%s, nd t& t %& t &e & d % s s! r. '&e tri l !ourt still ruled # inst 'u son nd st ted t& t it % s possi+le t& t 'u son !olored t&e s! r to " 4e it loo4 li4e "ole. 'u son ppe led t&e de!ision to t&e ppell te !ourt, %&i!& ffir"ed t&e de!ision of t&e tri l !ourt in toto. 2is )otion for Re!onsider tion % s lso denied for l !4 of "erit. State!e"t #$ t%e Iss'e6 3&et&er or not t&e e$iden!e presented +y 'u son % s self*ser$in# R' (")6 '&e 1( re$ersed t&e de!ision of t&e (A. '&e (ourt ruled t& t e$iden!e to +e +elie$ed, "ust pro!eed not only fro" t&e "out& of !redi+le %itness +ut t&e s "e "ust +e !redi+le in itself. After ! reful re$ie% of t&e e$iden!e, t&e (ourt found t& t t&e identifi! tion of petitioner " de +y ) d r o# nd Kuint l is open to dou+t nd ! nnot ser$e s + sis for !on$i!tion of petitioner. Only ) d r o# !tu lly s % t&e

RULE 129 petitioner !o""ittin# t&e !ri"es, nd 'u son did not fit t&e des!ription of t&e suspe!t sin!e &e does not & $e "ole in +et%een &is eye+ro%s, inste d &e & s s! r, nd is t ller t& n %& t s&e & d pre$iously des!ri+ed. ,f indeed ) d r o# nd Kuint l & d #ood loo4 t petitioner durin# t&e ro++ery, t&ey !ould not & $e erroneously des!ri+ed petitioner. Also, t&e tri l !ourt ! nnot !on$i!t petitioner on t&e + sis of dedu!tion t& t is irr tion l +e! use it is not deri$ed fro" n est +lis&ed f !t. '&e re!ords do not s&o% ny f !t fro" %&i!& t&e tri l !ourt ! n lo#i! lly dedu!e t&e !on!lusion t& t petitioner !o$ered up &is s! r %it& +l !4 !olorin# to " 4e it ppe r s "ole. 1u!& n illo#i! l re sonin# ! nnot !onstitute e$iden!e of #uilt +eyond re son +le dou+t. ,t is "is ppli! tion to t&e rule in ! li+r tin# t&e !redi+ility of %itness nd +y no "e ns ! n it +e ! ter#ori9ed s f !t properly est +lis&ed +y e$iden!e. Also, t&e testi"ony of C r+rieto nd Kuint l ! nnot +e !redi+le sin!e t&ey "erely testified t& t t&ey s % petitioner %it&in t&e $i!inity %&ere t&e !ri"es %ere !o""itted. Cy itself, t&is !ir!u"st n!e ! nnot le d to t&e !on!lusion t& t petitioner truly !o""itted t&e !ri"es. 5etitioner li$es in t&e s "e $i!inity s t&e $i!ti" nd &is presen!e in t&e $i!inity is not unn tur l. ,n ddition, ) d r o#Qs identifi! tion of petitioner fro" line*up t t&e NC, % s not spont neous nd independent. An NC, #ent i"properly su##ested to t&e" petitionerQs person. '&e respondent ppell te !ourt, &o%e$er, dis"issed t&is !l i" of petitioner s self*ser$in#. A# in, t&e rulin# "is!onstrues t&e "e nin# of self$ser%ing e%idence. &elf$ser%ing e%idence is not to +e liter lly t 4en s e$iden!e t& t ser$es oneQs selfis& interest. Lnder our l % of e$iden!e, self$ser%ing e%idence is one " de +y p rty out of !ourt t one ti"e= it does not in!lude p rtyQs testi"ony s %itness in !ourt. ,t is e/!luded on t&e s "e #round s ny &e rs y e$iden!e, t& t is t&e l !4 of opportunity for !ross*e/ "in tion +y t&e d$erse p rty, nd on t&e !onsider tion t& t its d"ission %ould open t&e door to fr ud nd to f +ri! tion of testi"ony. On t&e ot&er & nd, p rtyQs testi"ony in !ourt is s%orn nd ffords t&e ot&er p rty t&e opportunity for !ross*e/ "in tion. (le rly, petitionerQs testi"ony in !ourt on &o% &e % s identified +y t&e prose!ution %itnesses in t&e NC, &e d.u rters is not self*ser$in#. )oreo$er, Jud#es s&ould not t on!e loo4 %it& disf $or t t&e defense of li+i. Ali+i s&ould +e !onsidered in li#&t of ll t&e e$iden!e on re!ord for it ! n tilt t&e s! les of -usti!e in f $or of t&e !!used. >Alt&ou#& li+i is 4no%n to +e t&e %e 4est of ll defenses for it is e sy to !on!o!t nd diffi!ult to dispro$e, ne$ert&eless, %&ere t&e e$iden!e for t&e prose!ution is %e 4 nd +etr ys l !4 of !on!reteness on t&e .uestion of %&et&er or not t&e !!used !o""itted t&e !ri"e !& r#ed, t&e defense of li+i ssu"es i"port n!e.D '&e ! se t +en!& re"inds us of t&e % rnin# t& t -ud#es see" disposed "ore re dily to !redit t&e $er !ity nd reli +ility of eye%itnesses t& n ny "ount of !ontr ry e$iden!e +y or on +e& lf of t&e !!used , %&et&er +y % y of li+i, insuffi!ient identifi! tion, or ot&er testi"ony. '&ey re un"indful t& t in so"e ! ses t&e e"otion l + l n!e of t&e eye%itness is distur+ed +y &er e/perien!e t& t &er po%ers of per!eption +e!o"es distorted nd &er identifi! tion is fre.uently "ore untrust%ort&y.

RULE 129 9. REPUBLIC *LASS CORPORATION 5. BUA, 4.7 SCRA 4A? GR No. 144416= 60 July 2004 State!e"t #$ t%e Fa&ts6 Repu+li! Gl ss (orpor tion @RG(B nd Ger$el, ,n!. @Ger$elB to#et&er %it& 0 %ren!e (. Ku %ere sto!4&olders of 0 dte4, ,n!. @0 dte4B. 0 dte4 o+t ined lo ns fro" )etropolit n C n4 nd 'rust (o"p ny @)etro+ n4B nd 5ri$ te ;e$elop"ent (orpor tion of t&e 5&ilippines @5;(5B %it& RG(, Ger$el nd Ku s sureties. A"on# t&e"sel$es, RG(, Ger$el nd Ku e/e!uted A#ree"ents for (ontri+ution, ,nde"nity nd 5led#e of 1& res of 1to!4s @A#ree"entsB. '&e A#ree"ents ll st ted t& t in ! se of def ult in t&e p y"ent of 0 dte4<s lo ns, t&e p rties %ould rei"+urse e !& ot&er t&e proportion te s& re of ny su" t& t ny "i#&t p y to t&e !reditors. 0 dte4 def ulted on its lo n o+li# tions to )etro+ n4 nd 5;(5. 2en!e, )etro+ n4 filed !olle!tion ! se # inst 0 dte4, RG(, Ger$el nd Ku . ;urin# t&e penden!y of t&e !olle!tion ! se, RG( nd Ger$el p id )etro+ n4 57 "illion. 0 ter, )etro+ n4 e/e!uted % i$er nd .uit!l i" d ted 7 1epte"+er 1988 in f $or of RG( nd Ger$el. C sed on t&is % i$er nd .uit!l i", )etro+ n4, RG( nd Ger$el filed -oint "otion to dis"iss t&e !olle!tion ! se # inst RG( nd Ger$el. A!!ordin#ly, t&e R'( dis"issed t&e ! se # inst RG( nd Ger$el, le $in# 0 dte4 nd Ku s defend nts. RG( nd Ger$el l ter de" nded t& t Ku p y 56,860,646, or 42.22R of 58,760,:46.::, s rei"+urse"ent of t&e tot l "ount RG( nd Ger$el p id to )etro+ n4 nd 5;(5. Ku refused to rei"+urse t&e "ount to RG( nd Ger$el. 1u+se.uently, RG( nd Ger$el furnis&ed Ku %it& noti!es of fore!losure of Ku <s pled#ed s& res. Ku filed !o"pl int for in-un!tion nd d " #es %it& ppli! tion for te"por ry restr inin# order to pre$ent RG( nd Ger$el fro" fore!losin# t&e pled#ed s& res. 2o%e$er, despite +ein# issued te"por ry restr inin# order, RG( nd Ger$el e$entu lly fore!losed ll t&e pled#ed s& res of sto!4 t pu+li! u!tion. '&e tri l in t&e fore!losure ! se ensued nd RG( nd Ger$el offered Ku <s )otion to ;is"iss in t&e !olle!tion ! se s + sis for t&e fore!losure of Ku <s s& res. '&ey lso offered s e$iden!e t&e order dis"issin# t&e !olle!tion ! se, nd t&e su+se.uent order t&e !olle!tion ! se # inst Ku . '&e R'( ruled on J nu ry 12, 1996 in t&e fore!losure ! se orderin# t& t RG( nd Ger$el to return t&e fore!losed s& res of sto!4 to Ku . 2o%e$er, on ) y 6, 1996, t&e R'( re$ersed t&e de!ision upon )otion for Re!onsider tion. A##rei$ed, Ku file for )otion for Re!onsider tion %&i!& % s l ter denied. Ku t&us ppe led to t&e (A re$ersed t&e ) y 6, 1996 de!ision nd reinst ted t&e J nu ry 12, 1996 de!ision. State!e"t #$ t%e Iss'e6 3&et&er or not -udi!i l d"ission % s " de in t&e present ! se

RULE 129 R' (")6 3&ile Ku <s st te"ents in (olle!tion ( se No. 8664 !onfli!t %it& &is st te"ents in 7ore!losure ( se No. 88*2646, RG( nd Ger$el "iser +ly f iled to s&o% t& t Ku , in " 4in# t&ose st te"ents, intended to f lsely represent or !on!e l t&e " teri l f !ts. Cot& p rties undeni +ly 4no% t&e re l f !ts. Not&in# in t&e re!ords s&o%s t& t RG( nd Ger$el relied on Ku <s st te"ents in (olle!tion ( se No. 8664 su!& t& t t&ey !& n#ed t&eir position or st tus, to t&eir in-ury, detri"ent or pre-udi!e. RG( nd Ger$el repe tedly point out t& t it % s t&e presidin# -ud#e in (olle!tion ( se No. 8664 %&o relied on Ku <s st te"ents in (olle!tion ( se No. 8664. RG( nd Ger$el !l i" t& t Ku Pdeli+er tely led t&e 5residin# Jud#e to +elie$eP t& t t&eir p y"ent to )etro+ n4 % s for t&e entire o+li# tion. As result, t&e presidin# -ud#e ordered t&e dis"iss l of (olle!tion ( se No. 8664 # inst Ku . RG( nd Ger$el furt&er in$o4e 1e!tion 4 of Rule 129 of t&e Rules of (ourt to support t&eir st n!e: 1e!. 4. Judi!i l d"issions. F An d"ission, $er+ l or %ritten, " de +y p rty in t&e !ourse of t&e pro!eedin#s in t&e sa!e &ase, does not re.uire proof. '&e d"ission " y +e !ontr di!ted only +y s&o%in# t& t it % s " de t&rou#& p lp +le "ist 4e or t& t no su!& d"ission % s " de. A p rty " y " 4e -udi!i l d"issions in @ B t&e ple din#s filed +y t&e p rties, @+B durin# t&e tri l eit&er +y $er+ l or %ritten " nifest tions or stipul tions, or @!B in ot&er st #es of t&e -udi!i l pro!eedin#. '&e ele"ents of -udi!i l d"issions re +sent in t&is ! se. Ku " de !onfli!tin# st te"ents in (olle!tion ( se No. 8664 nd in 7ore!losure ( se No. 88* 2646, nd not in t&e Psa!e &aseP s re.uired in 1e!tion 4 of Rule 129. 'o !onstitute -udi!i l d"ission, t&e d"ission "ust +e " de in t&e sa!e &ase in %&i!& it is offered. ,f " de in not&er ! se or in not&er !ourt, t&e f !t of su!& d"ission "ust +e pro$ed s in t&e ! se of ny ot&er f !t, lt&ou#& if " de in -udi!i l pro!eedin# it is entitled to #re ter %ei#&t.

RULE 129 1?. FULE 5. COURT OF APPEALS G R N o . 0 * 7 9 0 9 4 , 22 June 1 9 8 8 , 1 6 2 1 ( R A 4 4 6 State!e"t #$ t%e Fa&ts: 5etitioner % s !on$i!ted of $iol tion of C.5. 22, t&e Coun!in# (&e!4s 0 %, on t&e + sis of n unsi#ned stipul tion of f !ts entered into +et%een t&e prose!ution nd t&e defense durin# pre*tri l. On ppe l t&e respondent ppell te !ourt up&eld t&e stipul tion of f !ts nd ffir"ed t&e -ud#"ent of !on$i!tion. State!e"t #$ t%e Iss'e: 3&et&er t&e !on$i!tion, + sed solely on stipul tion of f !ts %&i!& % s not si#ned +y eit&er t&e petitioner or &is !ounsel, % s proper R' ("): '&e o"ission of t&e si#n ture of t&e !!used nd &is !ounsel, s " nd torily re.uired +y *t&e Rules, renders t&e stipul tion of f !ts in d"issi+le in e$iden!e. '&e f !t t& t t&e l %yer of t&e !!used, in &is "e"or ndu", !onfir"ed t&e stipul tion of f !ts does not !ure t&e defe!t +e! use Rule 118re.uires t&e si#n ture of +ot& t&e !!used nd &is !ounsel. 3& t t&e prose!ution s&ould & $e done, upon dis!o$erin# t&e l !4 of t&e re.uired si#n tures, % s to su+"it e$iden!e to est +lis& t&e ele"ents of t&e !ri"e, inste d of relyin# solely on t&e supposed d"ission of t&e !!used. 3it&out s id e$iden!e independent of t&e d"ission, t&e #uilt of t&e !!used ! nnot +e dee"ed est +lis&ed +eyond re son +le dou+t.

RULE 129 11. PEOPLE 5. BAN,AN*, *R N#. 171.14, . /'"e 2??4, 4.? SCRA 7>? State!e"t #$ t%e Fa&ts6 '&e !o""ission of t&e offense of ille# l s le of re#ul ted dru#s re.uires "erely t&e !onsu"" tion of t&e sellin# tr ns !tion. ,n >+uy*+ustD oper tion, su!& s in t&e ! se t + r, %& t is i"port nt is t&e f !t t& t t&e poseur$'u(er re!ei$ed t&e s)a'u fro" t&e ppell nts nd t& t t&e s "e % s presented s e$iden!e in (ourt. ,n s&ort, proof of t&e tr ns !tion suffi!es. '&e prose!ution dispensed %it& t&e dire!t testi"ony of (iro/ '. O"ero, 5N5 forensi! !&e"ist, !onsiderin# t& t t&e prose!ution nd t&e defense stipul ted t& t: @1B &e !ondu!ted t&e l +or tory n lysis of t&e 716.:4 #r "s of %&ite !ryst lline su+st n!e= @2B t& t &e st ted in &is initi l 0 +or tory Report nd &is (&e"istry Report No. ;*1:8:*00 t& t t&e su+st n!e is positi$e for met)(lamp)etamine )(droc)loride ors)a'u, nd= @6B t&e se$en @7B pl sti! + #s of s)a'u & s +een identified. Nonet&eless, O"ero presented to t&e tri l !ourt t&e spe!i"en nd it % s identified +y 5O1 ( rpentero s t&e s "e %&ite !ryst lline su+st n!e !ont ined in +l !4 s&oulder + # & nded to &er +y ppell nt C nd n#. Lpon order of t&e tri l !ourt, it % s turned o$er to t&e 5N5 (ri"e 0 +or tory, t&rou#& O"ero, for s fe4eepin#. State!e"t #$ t%e Iss'e6 3&et&er or not t&e !ourt .uo #r $ely erred in !on$i!tin# !!used* ppell nt &erein on t&e + sis solely of t&e stipul tion of f !ts in t&e pre*tri l order of July 6, 2000, %&i!& pre*tri l order lt&ou#& si#ned +y !!used* ppell nt &erein % s &o%e$er, not si#ned +y !ounsel R' (")6 Appell nt A+u+ 4 r no% r#ues t& t t&e ,niti l 0 +or tory Report nd t&e (&e"istry Report No. ;*1:8:*00 re in d"issi+le for +ein# &e rs y +e! use O"ero, t&e 5N5 forensi! !&e"ist, did not testify. '&is is non$ se*uitur !on!lusion. ,n People %s. +(, %e ruled t& t forensi! !&e"ist is pu+li! offi!er nd s su!&, &is report ! rries t&e presu"ption of re#ul rity in t&e perfor" n!e of &is fun!tion nd duties. (oroll rily, under 1e!tion 44 of Rule 160, Re$ised Rules of (ourt, entries in offi!i l re!ords " de in t&e perfor" n!e of offi!i l duty re pri" f !ie e$iden!e of t&e f !ts t&erein st ted. O"ero<s reports t& t t&e se$en s !&ets of %&ite !ryst lline su+st n!e %ere >positi$e for met)(lamp)etamine )(droc)loride, or s)a'u re, t&erefore, !on!lusi$e in t&e +sen!e of e$iden!e pro$in# t&e !ontr ry, s in t&is ! se. &econd# it "ust +e stressed t& t Atty. 8nri.ue9 r ises &is o+-e!tion to t&e ,niti l 0 +or tory Report nd (&e"istry Report No. ;*1:8:*00 only no%. 2e s&ould & $e o+-e!ted to t&eir d"issi+ility t t&e ti"e t&ey %ere +ein# offered. Ot&er%ise, t&e o+-e!tion s& ll +e !onsidered % i$ed nd su!& e$iden!e %ill for" p rt of t&e re!ords of t&e ! se s !o"petent nd d"issi+le e$iden!e. '&e f "ili r rule in t&is -urisdi!tion is t& t t&e d"issi+ility of !ert in do!u"ents, if not ur#ed +efore t&e !ourt +elo%, ! nnot +e r ised for t&e first ti"e on ppe l.

RULE 129 12. PEOPLE $s. ROMEO POLICARPIO, *.R. N#. L-<9A44 Fe93'a3: 2., 19AA State!e"t #$ t%e Fa&ts6 On June 16,1984, oper ti$es of t&e N r!oti!s (o"" nd, s%ooped do%n t 6 + r n# ys of Cin n#on n Ri9 l, fter re!ei$in# n infor" tion t& t Ro"eo 5oli! rpio li s ;upon# is en# #ed in t&e s le of " ri-u n nd ot&er pro&i+ited dru#s. '&e poseur +uyer 5 t. 8nri!o ) n#il , to#et&er %it& t&e infor" nt, loo4ed for t&e !!used in &is &ouse. 5oli! rpio # $e ) n#il t%o s" ll pl sti! + #s !ont inin# dried " ri-u n le $es nd rollin# p per ,n turn ) n#il # $e to t&e !!used t&e " r4ed 520.00 +ill. As pre$iously rr n#ed, 5 t. ) n#il s!r t!&ed &is &e d nd &is !o"p nions #r ++ed nd rrested 5oli! rpio. '&ey lso sei9ed s" ll pl sti! + #s of dried " ri-u n le $es to#et&er %it& rollin# p pers in t&e &ouse of 5oli! rpio. 5oli! rpio nd t&e !onfis! ted dru#s %ere +rou#&t to ( "p (r "e nd t&e ) ri-u n le $es %ere turned o$er to t&e 5((0 for e/ "in tion. At t&e 5( 2e d.u rters, t&e !!used Ro"eo 5oli! rpio si#ned +ond p per !4no%led#in# t& t t&e si/ @6B s" ll pl sti! + #s of " ri-u n le $es %ere !onfis! ted fro" &i". 2e li4e%ise si#ned do!u"ent !4no%led#in# t&e f !t t& t t&e " r4ed 520.00 +ill % s !onfis! ted fro" &i". 1i"il rly, !!used si#ned s%orn st te"ent %&ere &e opted not to #i$e st te"ent until &e is represented +y !ounsel. State!e"t #$ t%e Iss'e6 3&et&er or not t&e re!eipts si#ned +y ppell nt !4no%led#in# t& t pro&i+ited dru#s 520.00 +ill %ere !onfis! ted fro" &i" re d"issi+le in e$iden!e s t&ey %ere #i$en %it&out ssist n!e of !ounsel R' (")6 NO. 3& t t&e re!ords s&o% is t& t ppell nt % s infor"ed of &is !onstitution l ri#&t to +e silent nd t& t &e " y refuse to #i$e st te"ent %&i!& " y+e used # inst &i", t& t is %&y &e refused to #i$e su!& %ritten st te"ent unless it is " de in t&e presen!e of &is l %yer s s&o%n +y t&e p per &e si#ned to t&is effe!t. 2o%e$er, &e % s " de to !4no%led#e t& t t&e si/ @6B s" ll pl sti! + #s of dried " ri-u n le $es %ere !onfis! ted fro" &i" +y si#nin# re!eipt nd to si#n re!eipt for t&e 5 20.00 +ill s pur!& se pri!e of t&e dried " ri-u n le $es. O+$iously t&e ppell nt % s t&e $i!ti" of !le$er ruse to " 4e &i" si#n t&ese lle#ed re!eipts %&i!& in effe!t re e/tr *-udi!i l !onfessions of t&e !o""ission of t&e offense. ,ndeed it is unusu l for ppell nt to +e " de to si#n re!eipts for %& t %ere t 4en fro" &i". ,t is t&e poli!e offi!ers %&o !onfis! ted t&e s "e %&o s&ould & $e si#ned su!& re!eipts. No dou+t t&is is $iol tion of t&e !onstitution l ri#&t of ppell nt to re" in silent %&ere+y &e % s " de to d"it t&e !o""ission of t&e offense %it&out infor"in# &i" of &is ri#&t. 1u!& !onfession o+t ined in $iol tion of t&e (onstitution is in d"issi+le in e$iden!e.

RULE 129 12.a. PEOPLE OF THE PHILLIPINES v. BENNY *O *.R. N#. 144<.9. Se;te!9e3 12, 2??. State!e"t #$ t%e Fa&ts6 A r idin# te " r"ed %it& % rr nt entered t&e &o"e of ppel nt Cenny Go in se r!& of e$iden!e for t&e $iol tion of Repu+li! A!t 642: @; n#erous ;ru#s A!tB, ot&er%ise 4no% s t&e (o"pre&ensi$e ; n#erous ;ru#s A!t of 2002 . Lpon t&eir entry, t&ey "et J !4 Go, son of t&e Go nd restr ined &i". As t&e for"er % s t&e only one present t t&e ti"e t&ey t&en ! lled on t%o + r n# y 4 # % d to !t s %itnesses on t&e s id se r!&. '&ey t&en sei9ed properties nd o+-e!ts e$en t&ose %&i!& %ere not in!luded in t&e % rr nt. 3&en t&ey %ere l"ost finis&ed %it& t&eir se r!& Go rri$ed nd i""edi tely to#et&er %it& t&e t%o %itnesses % s " de to si#n t&e in$entory re!eipt. C sed on t&e e$iden!e t 4en fro" t&e se r!& Go % s !& r#ed for $iol tion of R.A. 642:. Lpon &e rin#, testi"onies s %ell s e$iden!es %ere presented +y t&e prose!ution # inst Go. 2o%e$er, t&e t%o %itnesses .uestioned t&e $ lidity of so"e of t&e e$iden!e presented su!& s t&e in$entory re!eipt s %ell s t&e ille# l dru#s s id to & $e +een sei9ed fro" t&e se r!&. '&e Re#ion l 'ri l (ourt of ) nil !on$i!ted Go for $iol tion of t&e offense !& r#ed. On ppe l, Go ss ils t&e de!ision of t&e R'( s %ell t&e $ lidity of t&e se r!& perfor"ed +y t&e r idin# te " nd t&e d"issi+ility of t&e e$iden!e t 4en t&erefro". State!e"t #$ t%e Iss'e6 3&et&er or not t&e in$entory re!eipt s %ell s t&e ille# l dru#s sei9ed fro" t&e ille# l se r!& re d"issi+le in e$iden!e R' (")6 No. '&e r idin# te "<s dep rture fro" t&e pro!edure " nd ted +y 1e!tion 8, Rule 126 of t&e Rules of (ourt, t 4en to#et&er %it& t&e nu"erous ot&er irre#ul rities ttendin# t&e se r!& of ppell nt<s residen!e, t inted t&e se r!& %it& t&e $i!e of unre son +leness, t&us !o"pellin# t&is (ourt to pply t&e e/!lusion ry rule nd de!l re t&e sei9ed rti!les in d"issi+le in e$iden!e. '&is "ust ne!ess rily +e so sin!e it is t&is (ourt<s sole"n duty to +e e$er % t!&ful for t&e !onstitution l ri#&ts of t&e people, nd # inst ny ste lt&y en!ro !&"ents t&ereon. ,n t&e oft*.uoted l n#u #e of Jud#e 0e rned 2 nd: As %e underst nd it, t&e re son for t&e e/!lusion of e$iden!e !o"petent s su!&, %&i!& & s +een unl %fully !.uired, is t& t e/!lusion is t&e only pr !ti! l % y of enfor!in# t&e !onstitution l pri$ile#e. ,n e rlier ti"es t&e !tion of tresp ss # inst t&e offendin# offi!i l " y & $e +een prote!tion enou#&= +ut t& t is true no lon#er. Only in ! se t&e prose!ution %&i!& itself !ontrols t&e sei9in# offi!i ls, 4no%s t& t it ! nnot profit +y t&eir %ron#, %ill t& t %ron# +e repressed.

RULE 129 1.. PEOPLE $s. /ONATHAN BARLIS, *.R. N#. L-1?1??. Ma3&% 24, 1994 State!e"t #$ t%e Fa&ts6 On 60 J nu ry 1990, Jon t& n C rlis, surrendered to t&e poli!e nd d"itted t& t &e % s %it& t&e #roup %&i!& % s responsi+le for t&e 4illin# of 2onorin C llerd inside &er &ouse nd t& t on t&e s "e o!! sion, one of &is !o"p nions, PCu+oyP too4 t&ree "enQs % t!&es %&ile &is ot&er !o"p nion, 7erdie too4 so"e "oney %&i!& t&ey l ter di$ided "on# t&e"sel$es. '&ere fter, ssisted +y Atty. (onfesor C. 1 ns no, Jon t& n si#ned s%orn st te"ent %&erein &e n rr ted in det il &o% t&e !ri"e % s !o""itted nd t&e e/tent of &is p rti!ip tion t&erein. ,n &is s%orn st te"ent, &e d"itted t& t &e too4 one l diesQ #old ne!4l !e, one l diesQ 1ei4o % t!&, one di "ond stone, 6,000.00, ! s& nd ssorted pie!es of -e%elry. '&e only e$iden!e of su!& t 4in# is t&e ppell ntQs s%orn st te"ent. '&e Offi!e of t&e 1oli!itor Gener l in t&e Crief for t&e Appellee #rees %it& C rlis t& t it % s n error for t&e tri l !ourt to order t&e restitution of -e%elries sin!e t&ere % s no proof of loss t&ereof. ,t " int ins, &o%e$er, t& t it % s pro$ed t& t %itness Adel Ar# te lost &er %rist % t!& nd ! s& of less t& n 5100.00, %&i!& f !t % s not disputed +y t&e ppell nt= &en!e, t&e ele"ent of unl %ful t 4in# of property % s "ply est +lis&ed. State!e"t #$ t%e Iss'e6 3&et&er e/tr *-udi!i l !onfessions independently " de %it&out !ollusion %&i!& re identi! l %it& e !& ot&er in t&eir essenti l det ils nd re !orro+or ted +y ot&er e$iden!e on re!ord re d"issi+le s !ir!u"st nti l e$iden!e R' (")6 '&e prose!ution f iled to !orro+or te t&e e/tr -udi!i l !onfession of t&e ppell nt on t&e ro++ery %it& e$iden!e of corpus delicti. 'o sust in !on$i!tion for t&e !ri"e of ro++ery %it& &o"i!ide, it is ne!ess ry t& t t&e ro++ery itself +e pro$ed s !on!lusi$ely s ny ot&er essenti l ele"ent of t&e !ri"e. '&e t 4in# %it& intent to # in of person l property +elon#in# to not&er, +y "e ns of $iolen!e # inst or inti"id tion of ny person, or usin# for!e upon t&in#s re t&e essenti l ele"ents of ro++ery. '&ere is ro++ery %it& &o"i!ide %&en +y re son or on o!! sion of ro++ery %it& t&e use of $iolen!e # inst or inti"id tion of person, t&e !ri"e of &o"i!ide s& ll & $e +een !o""itted. As s&o%n +o$e, t&e only e$iden!e of t&e t 4in# of t&e person l property of t&e $i!ti" is t&e e/tr -udi!i l !onfession of t&e ppell nt. Lnder 1e!tion 6, Rule 166 of t&e Rules of (ourt, P n e/tr -udi!i l !onfession " de +y n !!used s& ll not +e suffi!ient #round for !on$i!tion, unless !orro+or ted +y e$iden!e of corpus delicti.P-orpus delicti is t&e +ody @" teri l su+st n!eB upon %&i!& !ri"e & s +een !o""itted, e.g.# t&e !orpse of "urdered " n or t&e !& rred re" ins of &ouse +urned do%n. ,n deri$ ti$e sense, it "e ns t&e su+st nti l f !t t& t !ri"e % s

RULE 129 !o""itted. ,t is " de up of t%o ele"ents: @ B t& t !ert in result & s +een pro$ed, for e/ "ple, " n & s died or +uildin# & s +een +urned= nd @+B t& t so"e person is !ri"in lly responsi+le for t&e !t. 1e!tion 6, Rule 166 does not "e n t& t e$ery ele"ent of t&e !ri"e !& r#ed "ust +e !le rly est +lis&ed +y independent e$iden!e p rt fro" t&e !onfession. ,t "e ns "erely t& t t&ere s&ould +e so"e e$iden!e tendin# to s&o% t&e !o""ission of t&e !ri"e p rt fro" t&e !onfession. Ot&er%ise, utility of t&e !onfession s spe!ies of proof %ould $ nis& if it %ere ne!ess ry, in ddition to t&e !onfession, to ddu!e ot&er e$iden!e suffi!ient to -ustify !on$i!tion independently of su!& !onfession. Ot&er%ise st ted, t&e ot&er e$iden!e need not, independently of t&e !onfession, est +lis& t&e corpus delicti +eyond re son +le dou+t. ,n "ones, t&e !on$i!tion of t&e four !!used for ro++ery %it& &o"i!ide is sust in +le under t&e do!trine of interlo!4in# !onfessions: Pe/tr *-udi!i l !onfessions independently " de %it&out !ollusion %&i!& re identi! l %it& e !& ot&er in t&eir essenti l det ils nd re !orro+or ted +y ot&er e$iden!e on re!ord re d"issi+le, s !ir!u"st nti l e$iden!e, # inst t&e person i"pli! ted to s&o% t&e pro+ +ility of t&e l tterQs !tu l p rti!ip tion in t&e !o""ission of t&e !ri"e.P (le rly, t&e do!trine is in ppli! +le &ere for %e only & $e t&e solit ry !onfession of t&e ppell nt. 1in!e t&e lle#ed ro++ery % s not !on!lusi$ely pro$ed in t&is ! se, t&e ppell nt !ould only +e !on$i!ted of &o"i!ide