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The Mining Technology of A Thick Overburden
The Mining Technology of A Thick Overburden
The Mining Technology of A Thick Overburden
Abstract. Horizontal mineral deposits with relatively thick sediment overburden advisable to practice using transtoptless overburden removal technology, that is using a powerful stripping equipment - draglines. The main advantage of this technology is the placement of overburden directly into cut goaf, significantly reducing the rented for the waste dumps disposing areas, and reduce the costs of mining - reclamation works. Keywords: dragline, reexcavation ratio, waste dumping in to the cut goaf, coal mine, mining bench, overburden.
1 Rising of Draglines Operating Parameters Expands the Scope of Direct Dumping Method Deposits Development Systems with Application Overburden Rehandling
Horizontal or flat dipping (up to 100) layers of minerals, which include most of the deposits of sedimentary origin, such as oil shale, coal, peat, clay, limestone, with a relatively thick capping of overlying rock are advisable to develop by using direct dumping method, that is using a powerful stripping equipment - draglines. The main advantage of this technology is the back feeling into void, what can significantly reduce the land area rented for disposing of waste dumps, and reduce the costs of mining-technical stage of reclamation. Due to the increasing complexity of the mining and geological conditions of field development (increasing depth of mining works and reduction of developed space parameters) and rising of draglines operating parameters expands the scope of direct dumping method deposits development systems with application overburden rehandling. Usually after the mining stope excavation in mined-out space of a quarry the free bottomhole bandwidth remains. For the opening of the following coal stope excavator ought to work out next overburden stope and dump the rock in the mined-out space. Due to the insufficient size of the overburden excavator and a limited amount of free space to dispose a waste rock, overburden backfills quarries face. To remove it, and increase the capacity of bottomhole excavator carries out rehandling of rock from the primary dump
7 6 S.I. Fomin and D.A. Vedrova
freeing up bandwidth between lower bench slope edge and the edge of final waste dump location [1]. An assessing indicator of the selected overburden bench mining process flowsheet is a rehandling ratio the parameter, that shows how much of the total amount of a waste rock was excavated several times (being rehandled). Under the optimal parameters of the process flowsheet reexcavation ratio must be less than unity. As a result of insufficient working radius of overburden excavators and mudslides of waste dump multiplicity of the rehandling ratio may be greater than 1 and up to 4. Economically acceptable rehandling ratio reh tr d reh k ( C ) /C , (1) Ctr, Cd, Creh - expenditures on 1 m3 of overburden removing with appliance of trucks transportation, by using of direct dumping method and rehandling costs respectively.
resolve this task it is necessary to take into account a number of operational parameters and indicators at drawing up of flowsheet process, such as: overburden fragmentation index, sustainable slope angle of coal and overburden benches, loosened overburden natural slope angle, final angle of stability for internal dump, and the parameters of the dragline working the overburden bench. Consider the sequence of the process flowsheet designing for developing of the group of coal seams on example of the strip mine Izykhsky, Khakassia Republic of Krasnoyarsk region, Russian Federation. The deposit is represented by a group of flat dipping (up to 90) hard coal seams with up to 5,8 m thickness. Interstratified layers of argillite and sandstone reach a thickness of 7 m. Depth of works increases from 40m in 2012 to 145 m by 2025, so overlying waste rock layers thickness growth up to 111 m by the time of quarry closing. Annual design capacity of coal production is about 2 mln. t / year.
Fig. 1 Profile of a Izykhsky coal mine development schedule The Mining Technology of a Thick Overburden L ayer Covering 77
Coal layers then are developed by complex of hydraulic excavators and dumptrucks: overburden of interstratified layers is taken away on a dumping landfill outside the quarry border.
The thickest interstratified layer (more than 7 m) is to be excavated by additional pass of a dragline from on-dump standing point.
Fig. 6 Coal excavating Fig. 7 Additional pass of a dragline from on-dump standing point
4 Conclusions
The appliance of the proposed scheme will provide: Adjustment of the maximum output of overburden by direct dumping method; fully usage of draglines working parameters (maximum digging depth and discharging heights, working radiuses) and taking into account safety work conditions according to dump stability; reducing the bulk of work on opening the deposit and duration of time period preceding the start of operational activities; reducing expenditures in rehandling works, due to the optimal formation of the inside dump by back feeling into void.