ENHANCED MOBILITY STATE DETECTION BASED MOBILITY OPTIMIZATION FOR FEMTO CELLS IN LTE AND LTE-ADVANCED NETWORKS BY YIXUE

LEI, YONGSHENG ZHANG LTE: Long Term Evolution UE: User Equipment FEMTO Cell: It is a mobile Base Station with low power, it connects to service provider via Internet. Much used in areas where mobile signal is weak and it is considered to be smaller than a Pico cell. Ping Pong Handover: UE handovers b/w two cells back & forth within short period. Usually caused by small TTT or Hysteresis. RLF (Radio Link Failure): Quality of wireless link to (H)eNB is poor. Usually caused by large TTT or Hysteresis. Section 1 Introduction: In short, theme of this paper is - Mobility Management and deployment of Femto Cells such that handover performance is improved. Femto Cells: I. II. III. Issues: Because Femto Cells are smaller in size, huge in number and deployed randomly its a challenging task to deal with their Mobility Management. Drawbacks of Conventional Method: Since cell type information is not available, conventional mobility state detection mechanism is not suitable for Femto cells. I. Inaccurate mobility sate detection might result in Improper Mobility parameter scaling & Handover Degradation. Key feature for wireless systems, WLAN, WIMAX AND 3GPP Cellular Networks ( UMTS, LTE & LTE-Advanced.) These are deployed for High Bandwidth for mobile users and reduce the load of traffic from the macro cells. It is of most interest to mobile operators and becoming more and more popular because of their wider deployment.

II.

Conventional Mobility Management Schemes which were designed for Macro cells might degrade handover performance which results in RLF or Ping-Pong Handovers.

Solution Proposal of Enhanced Mobility Sate Detection (EMSD) Cell type information is considered which accurately results in Mobile state Detection for Femto cells. EMSD Reduces Ping-Pong Handovers without increasing RLF probability.

Research papers about Mobility Management(MM) and Optimization for Femto cells. [1] - Mobility management architecture and procedures for macro and femto cells. [2][3][4][5] - Schemes that needed optimization for Femto cells. [8] - Mobility Management with gateway nodes for LTE femto cells. [9] - Proposal of a method to prevent Ping-Pong. [10] - Ways to optimize femto cell coverage. [11] - Estimation for coverage of macro cells. [12] Macro to Femto handover issues in WiMAX systems. [13] Femto deployment scenario is analyzed and call dropping rates.

Identification of Problem Lacking of cell type information.

During the movement of user equipment, I. II. Mobility sate is usually maintained by cell crossing counting. among macro and femto cells there might be inaccurate mobility state detection which causes inaccuracy in mobile parameters degrades handover performance

Section 2: Conventional mobility state detection mechanisms: In LTE and LTE- Advanced networks I. II. HeNB ( Home eNodeB ) - one femto cell is supported.

HeNB

Deployment of HeNB GW

HeNB

Mobility Management Entity (MME) is in charge of mobility control for UE. Disadvantages: Handovers between macro and femto cells and also between neighboring femto cells. Handover Processes: I. II. III. IV. V. Is controlled by serving (H)eNB. During migration of UE in b/w macro and femto cells, it measures the signal strength and compares it with neighboring (Mn) and serving cells(Ms). Ms < Threshold UE evaluates neighboring cells as target cells for handover. UE reports measurement values to serving (H)eNB, so that it makes handover decision. A specific state is coined as A3 to improve the robustness of handover. UE enters into this state if the below equation is valid: Mn CIO - H ys > M s + O ff Else UE exists A3 state if the condition is stated as below. Mn CIO - H ys < M s + O ff If UE stays in this state for specific time TTT(Time to Trigger), handover will be initiated by serving (H)eNB. H ys Hysteresis parameter of A3 state. O ff Offset parameter for A3 state. TTT Timer of A3 event to trigger cell reselection or handover. CIO Cell Individual Effect, specific value for cell pairs.

VI. VII. Note:

VIII.

To obtain good results for MM, TTT & Hysteresis must be accurate. These are different for UEs with different pattern of mobility.

Parameter Scaling for Mobility sate detection: There are three mobility states for UE. They are: 1. High 2. Medium 3. Low Mobility States. Here by, we understand that Mobility sate detection is much important for MM because it has impact on parameter scaling which is used to determine handover performance. Relationship b/w Mobility sate detection and handover performance is described as follows:

Mobility State Detection

Parameter Scaling

Handover performance

From Fig it is much clear that inaccuracy of Mobility sate detection results in improper scaling of parameters which finally degrades handover performance. Parameters for Mobility State Detection: T CRmax Time period of cell cross counting. N CR_M No of Cell cross for medium State. N CR_H - No of Cell cross for High State. T CRmax Hys Time period for mobility state change. 1. T CRmax > N CR_M and T CRmax < N CR_H ------ UE enters in to medium mobility state. 2. T CRmax > N CR_H --------- UE enters in to High mobility state. 3. Else it will be in normal state. Issues with Mobility State detection: 1. UE moves with fixed speed among macro & femto cells. 2. Size of femto cells << Size of macro cells. 3. If UE moves with constant speed among macro cells, Mobility state is Normal. 4. If UE moves among femto cells, Mobility state is High. This causes improper mobility state detection which leads to handover degredation. Ideal Mobility State: Accurate mobility state with cell type and cell size information. Proposed Concept Enhanced Mobility state Detection (EMSD). Assumption made: UE knows its neighboring cell weather it is femto or macro cell. If Target cell is Femto cell (Cell Cross counting) * i.e Cell Cross counting is weighted before adding to total Cell Cross counting. is a factor ranging b/w 0 1 which is

If is 1 EMSD is same as Conventional MSD. N total = N total (1-) N femto. N total Cell crossing number. N total Number of cell crossings occurred.

N femto - Number of cell crossings for femto cells. Advantages of this method: Ping Pong number had reduced largely and other handovers are reduced. TTT < 15 Seconds. RLF probability is not very large when compared with conventional method. As far as RLF probability is increasing under certain threshold, Ping-Pong handover can be greatly reduced. 5. Impact of on RLF Probability is not significant. 6. > 0.4 improvement is not significant. But factor may be set according to statistics of channel property. 7. This method is effective when performance analysis are observed.Therefore, this method can be applied to mobility management for femto cells in LTE & LTE-Advanced. 1. 2. 3. 4.