8/24/2011

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B mn Cng ngh Phn mm
Vin CNTT & TT
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
LP TRNH HUNG I TUONG
Bi 12. Biu lp
Mc ch
M t khung nhn tnh ca h thng v cch
a n vo trong mt m hnh.
Minh ha cch c v hiu mt biu lp.
M hnh ha mi lin kt (association) v kt
tp (aggregation) v ch ra cch m hnh
chng vo biu lp.
M hnh tng qut ha (generalization) trn
mt biu lp.
2
Ni dung
1. Biu lp (Class diagram)
2. Lin kt (Association)
3. Kt tp (Aggregation)
4. Tng qut ha (Generalization)
3
Ni dung
1. Biu lp (Class diagram)
2. Lin kt (Association)
3. Kt tp (Aggregation)
4. Tng qut ha (Generalization)
4
1.1. Lp (Class)
Class_Name
attribute1
attribute2
attribute3
method1()
method2()
method3()
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Biu din thuc tnh
attributeName : Type = Default
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M t phng thc
operationName([direction] parameter:class,...):returnType
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public protected
private
Phm vi truy cp (Visibility)
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Phm vi truy cp c biu din nh th
no?
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Class1
- privateAttribute
+ publicAttribute
# protectedAttribute
- privateOperation ()
+ publicOPeration ()
# protecteOperation ()
Phm vi (Scope)
Class1
- classifierScopeAttr
- instanceScopeAttr
+ classifierScopeOp ()
+ instanceScopeOp ()
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V d: Scope
Student
- name
- address
- nextAvailID : int
+ addSchedule ([in] theSchedule : Schedule, [in] forSemester : Semester)
+ getSchedule ([in] forSemester : Semester) : Schedule
+ hasPrerequisites ([in] forCourseOffering : CourseOffering) : boolean
# passed ([in] theCourseOffering : CourseOffering) : boolean
+ getNextAvailID () : int
- studentID
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1.2. Biu lp l g?
Biu lp ch ra s tn ti ca cc lp
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Biu lp (Class Diagram CD)
Khung nhn tnh ca h thng
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CloseRegistrationForm
+ open()
+ close registration()
Student
+ get tuition()
+ add schedule()
+ get schedule()
+ delete schedule()
+ has pre-requisites()
Schedule
- semester
+ commit()
+ select alternate()
+ remove offering()
+ level()
+ cancel()
+ get cost()
+ delete()
+ submit()
+ save()
+ any conflicts?()
+ create with offerings()
+ update with new selections()
Professor
- name
- employeeID : UniqueId
- hireDate
- status
- discipline
- maxLoad
+ submitFinalGrade()
+ acceptCourseOffering()
+ setMaxLoad()
+ takeSabbatical()
+ teachClass()
CloseRegistrationController
+ is registration open?()
+ close registration()
V d Biu lp
C cch no tt hn t chc biu lp?
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CloseRegistrationForm
LoginForm
Professor
BillingSystem
CloseRegistrationController
RegisterForCoursesForm
Course
CourseCatalogSystem
Student
RegistrationController
CourseOffering
Schedule
Gi (package)
University
Artifacts
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V d: Registration Package
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Registration
CloseRegistrationForm CloseRegistrationController
RegisterForCoursesForm RegistrationController
Ni dung
1. Biu lp (Class diagram)
2. Lin kt (Association)
3. Kt tp (Aggregation)
4. Tng qut ha (Generalization)
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Lin kt (association) l g?
Mi lin h ng ngha gia hai hay nhiu lp
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Course Student Schedule
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Bi s quan h (Multiplicity)
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Professor CourseOffering
0..1 0..* 0..1 0..*
instructor
Biu din bi s quan h
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2..4
0..1
1..*
0..*
1
*
2, 4..6
Unspecified
Exactly One
Zero or More
Zero or More
Zero or One (optional value)
One or More
Specified Range
Multiple, Disjoint Ranges
V d v bi s quan h
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RegisterForCoursesForm
CourseOffering Schedule
0..4
0..*
Student
0..*
1
RegistrationController
1
1
1
1
0..1
0..1
0..1
Ni dung
1. Biu lp (Class diagram)
2. Lin kt (Association)
3. Kt tp (Aggregation)
4. Tng qut ha (Generalization)
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Kt tp (aggregation) l g?
L mt dng c bit ca lin kt m hnh
ha mi quan h ton th-b phn (whole-
part)
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Part Whole
0..1
1
V d v kt tp
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RegisterForCoursesForm
CourseOffering Schedule
0..4
0..*
Student
0..*
1
RegistrationController
1
1
1
1
0..1
0..1
0..1
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Cu thnh (Composition) l g?
Whole
Composition
Part
Part Whole
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Association, Aggregation and Composition
Mi quan h gia cc lp
(relationship)
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V d Association
public class StudentRegistrar {
public StudentRegistrar (){
(new RecordManager()).initialize();
}
}
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V d Aggregration vs. Composition
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Ni dung
1. Biu lp (Class diagram)
2. Lin kt (Association)
3. Kt tp (Aggregation)
4. Tng qut ha
(Generalization)
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Tng qut ha (Generalization)
L mi lin h l mt loi (is a kind of)
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There are no direct instances of Animal
Lion Tiger
Animal
+ communicate ()
+ communicate () + communicate ()
Lp tru tng v lp c th
(Abstract and Concrete Class)
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All objects are either lions or tigers
Abstract class
Abstract operation
Communication
Discriminator
V d v n k tha
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Checking Savings
Superclass
(parent)
Subclasses
(children)
Generalization
Relationship
Descendents
Ancestor
Account
- balance
- name
- number
+ withdraw()
+ createStatement()
V d v a k tha
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FlyingThing Animal
Horse Wolf Bird Helicopter Airplane
Multiple Inheritance
Manufacturer A
Manufacturer B
Manufacturer C
OO Principle:
Encapsulation
a hnh (Polymorphism) l g?
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Remote Control
Tng qut ha: Thc thi a hnh
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Without Polymorphism
if animal = Lion then
Lion communicate
else if animal = Tiger then
Tiger communicate
end
With Polymorphism
Animal communicate
Lion Tiger
Animal
+ communicate ()
+ communicate () + communicate ()