http://socialscience.tjc.edu/mkho/Online_Courses/government_2305/Questions/ch5_Civil_Rights.

htm CIVIL RIGHTS ***with answers**

1. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were very important for: A. the freedoms and rights of blacks B. the freedoms and rights of women C. separating church and state D. the freedom of speech, religion, and press E. the establishment of the Equal Rights Amendment 2. Legislative acts that make an individual guilty of a crime without a trial are A. ex post facto laws. B. fighting words. C. bills of attainder. D. filibusters. 3. The Supreme Court extended the Sixth Amendment's right to counsel to the states in A. "Gideon v. Wainwright" (1963). B. "Duncan v. Louisiana" (1968). C. "Palko v. Connecticut" (1937). D. the "Slaughter-House Cases" (1873). 4. Statements that police are required to make to a person before that person is subject to in-custody questioning are known as A. exlusionary rules. B. ex post facto laws. C. bills of attainder. D. Miranda warnings. 5. The Supreme Court applied the exclusionary rule to the states in A. "Wolf v. Colorado" (1949). B. "Palko v. Connecticut" (1937). C. "Mapp v. Ohio" (1961). D. "Miranda v. Arizona" (1966). E. "Candy Barr v. Sweet Hershey Bar" (1992). 6. Women finally received the right to vote in 1920 through the __________ Amendment. A. 19th B. 21st C. 22nd D. 25th 7. When the NAACP began their litigation strategy to end segregation, they chose to begin by challenging segregation in

A. public accommodations. B. elementary schools. C. professional and post-graduate schools. D. transportation. 8. The Supreme Court decision that overturned Plessy (1896) in 1954 was called A. the Sweatt Case. B. Missouri v. Gaines. C. McLaurin v. Oklahoma. D. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. 9. In a case referred to as Brown II, the Supreme Court ruled that racially segregated school systems must A. begin thinking about how to dismantle the segregated system. B. be dismantled with "all deliberate speed." C. desegregate within 15 years. D. devise a plan that would be enforced by the state government. 10. In 1955, the Montgomery Bus Boycott began with the intent of ending segregation on public transport. The catalyst for the boycott was a black person who was arrested for refusing to give up a seat to a white person. The name of this person was A. Rosa Parks. B. Linda Brown. C. W.E.B. DuBois. D. Martin Luther King, Jr. 11. In 1957, a number of black leaders, including Martin Luther King, Jr., established a new group to fight for civil rights based in the South called the A. National Association for the Advancement of Colored Persons (NAACP). B. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). C. Montgomery League for Civil Rights. D. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). 12. Among the tactics used by the civil rights movement were A. sit-ins and boycotts. B. Dlawsuits. C. freedom rides. D. all of the above. 13. In August 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. led a huge march on __________ that culminated in his speech titled "I Have a Dream." A. Birmingham B. Washington C. Montgomery D. Atlanta 14. The longest filibuster in Senate history was an attempt to block the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by A. Strom Thurmond (D-SC). B. Jesse Helms (R-NC). C. Richard Russell (R-GA) . D. Robert Byrd (D-WV). 15. Once passed, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 A. outlawed arbitrary discrimination in voter registration.

B. allowed the federal government to withhold funds from discriminatory programs. C. created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). D. all of the above. 16. The Supreme Court ruled that all vestiges of state-imposed segregation must be eliminated at once in the 1971 case A. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. B. Brown II. C. Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg School District. D. Hoyt v. Florida. 17. Racial discrimination that results from practice rather than law is called discrimination. A. de jure. B. de facto C. direct D. practical 18. In 1966, a new women's group was formed that was modeled on the NAACP to prevent discrimination against women. This group was called the A. American League of Women. B. National League of Women Voters. C. National Association for the Advancement of Women. D. National Organization of Women. 19. The ammunition to defeat the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment came from the Supreme Court's decision in A. Roe v. Wade. B. Muller v. Oregon. C. NOW v. U.S. D. all of the above. 20. Fundamental freedoms such as religion, press, and privacy are usually accorded a(n) __________ standard of review by the Court. A. minimum rational B. intermediate C. heightened D. suspect 21. The writ of habeas corpus protects: A. students who want to see their files. B. persons from double jeopardy. C. persons in confinement. D. migrant laborers from economic exploitation. 22. The exclusionary rule holds that A. persons who are biased against the defendant may be excluded from serving on a jury. B. evidence obtained from an illegal search and seizure cannot be used in a trial. C. a court can order or constrain an action by an individual. D. "fighting words" can be excluded from constitutional protection. 23. States have the right, according to Roe v. Wade, to regulate or outlaw abortions only in the trimester.

A. first B. second C. third 24. State-imposed racial segregation based on the concept of separate-but-equal facilities for blacks was upheld by the Supreme Court in A. "Plessy v. Ferguson" (1896). B. "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka" (1954). C. "U.S. v. Cruikshank" (1876). D. the "Civil Rights Cases" (1883). E. "Bubble Cash v. Candy Barr" (1992). 25. In which case did the Supreme Court declare that "in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place"? A. "Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg County Schools" (1971) B. "Milliken v. Bradley" (1974) C. "Plessy v. Ferguson" (1896) D. "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka" (1954) 26. Programs designed to overcome the effects of past discrimination are known as A. protectionist legislation. B. affirmative action C. Jim Crow laws. D. separate but equal. 27. The Supreme court confronted an affirmative action quota program for the first time in A. "Regents of the University of California v. Bakke". B. "Minor v. Happersett". C. "Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education". D. "Craig v. Boren". E. "Clarence Thomas v. Anita Hill" (1991) 28. In "Regents of the University of California v. Bakke", Allan Bakke contended that A. he had been denied admission to medical school because he was black. B. he had been the victim of reverse discrimination. C. he should be admitted to medical school even though his qualifications were lower than those of the students who were admitted. D. he had been denied admission to medical school solely on the basis of sex. 29. The Equal Rights Amendment declared that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of A. race." B. religion." C. sex." D. previous condition of servitude." 30. Martin Luther King Jr.'s strategy of civil disobedience consisted of

A. nonviolent breaking of laws perceived to be unjust. B. armed attacks on police enforcing segregation. C. refusal to pay taxes to a government that supported racism. D. formenting riots as a means of pressuring the establishment to change. 31. All citizens are guaranteed the "equal protection of the laws" by A. the original wording of the Constitution. B. the Civil Equality Act of 1966. C. the Fourteenth Amendment. 32. Lemon V. Kurtzman established A. Laws which advanced or inhibited religion were unconstitutional. B. Church schools are entitled to government support. C. The right for black people to vote. D. Freedom of speech. E. States can enforce the right to school prayers. 33. The case which held that a defendant was entitled to counsel even if he could not hire one A. REYNOLDS v. SIMS B. WESBERRY v. SANDERS C. GIDEON v. WAINWRIGHT D. ESCOBEDO v. ILLINOIS E. MIRANDA v. ARIZONA 34. The case which stated that the defendant had the right to counsel during questioning and investigation A. REYNOLDS v. SIMS B. WESBERRY v. SANDERS C. GIDEON v. WAINWRIGHT D. ESCOBEDO v. ILLINOIS E. MIRANDA v. ARIZONA 35. The Exclusionary Rule can be defined as: A. a court order directing that a person in custody be brought to court and show just cause for detention B. the punishment for an act that was not illegal at the time committed C. a law that allows one to be punished without a trial D. the principle that evidence, no matter how telling, may not be used if obtained illegally E. a law against discrimination 36. Geraldine Ferraro is a. the founder of NOW b. a leader of the Right to Life movement c. the first woman to run for vice-president on a major party's ticket d. the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court 37. The Equal Rights Amendment was defeated in 1982 because

a. Congress failed to approve it b. President Reagan vetoed it c. the Supreme Court found it unconstitutional d. it fell short of the thirty-eight states needed for ratification

38. The concept of equality is boldly proclaimed in A. the Preamble to the Constitution. B. Article I. C. Article VII. D. The Declaration of Independence. 39. The positive acts governments take to protect individuals against arbitrary or *discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals are called A. civil liberties. B. civil rights. C. natural laws. D. the Bill of Rights. 40. The Constitution has several clauses that are expressly contrary to our modern view of civil rights, including A. the Three-Fifths Compromise. B. that the importation of slaves could not be prohibited for 20 years. C. that voting qualifications were left up to the states. D. all of the above. 41. The expansion of civil rights to include protection from state governments was achieved through the adoption of the A. Bill of Rights. B. Constitution. C. 14th Amendment. D. all of the above. 42. The passage of the Constitution that has generated more litigation than any other is A. Article I, section 8. B. the commerce clause. C. the 14th Amendment. D. the supremacy clause. 43. Congress banned the slave trade in A. 1865. B. 1848. C. 1820. D. 1808. 44. Abolitionists worked towards A. ending slavery. B. abolishing suffrage limits for women. C. stopping the slave trade. D. the emancipation of women. 45. The Compromise of 1820 A. abolished slavery.

B. kept slavery legal. C. was sponsored by the Abolitionists. D. allowed freedmen to go to Liberia. 46. Among the women who founded the women's movement were A. Susan Garrison. B. Betty Friedan. C. Elizabeth Cady Stanton. D. all of the above. 47. Among the most prominent people in the Abolitionist Movement was A. William Lloyd Garrison. B. Thurgood Marshall. C. Thomas Jefferson. D. William Henry Harrison. 48. In 1848, the first women's rights convention as held in A. New York City. B. Seneca Falls. C. Philadelphia. D. Harpers Ferry. 49. There was a tremendous national reaction to a novel published in 1852 on the evils of slavery. The novel was called A. John Brown. B. Dred Scott. C. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. D. Uncle Tom's Cabin. 50. The first major civil rights case to be considered by the Supreme Court was/were A. Dred Scott v. Sandford. B. Plessy v. Ferguson. C. Stowe v. U.S. D. the Civil Rights Cases. 51. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 A. provided for new states to be admitted in pairs: one free, one slave. B. prohibited slave trading, but allowed slavery to continue in existing areas. C. banned slavery north of the Mason-Dixon Line. D. lessened tensions over the slavery issue. 52. The first major civil rights case to be considered by the Supreme Court dealt with a dispute over the constitutionality of the A. Civil War Amendments. B. Black Codes. C. Missouri Compromise. D. Civil Rights Act of 1866. 53. Slavery was banned by the __________ Amendment. A. 12th B. 13th C. 14th D. 15th

54. Laws that denied most legal rights to newly freed slaves and prohibited blacks from voting, sitting on juries, or even appearing in public places after the Civil War were known as A. Jim Crow laws. B. nullification rules. C. abolitionism. D. Black Codes. 55. The first time Congress ever passed an override of a presidential veto occurred over the A. Civil Rights Act of 1866. B. Missouri Compromise. C. Black Codes. D. Emancipation Proclamation. 56. Former slaves were granted citizenship as well as the 'privileges and immunities' thereof, and states barred from depriving anyone of "life, liberty or property without due process of law" through the __________ Amendment. A. 12th B. 13th C. 14th D. 15th 57. Many women opposed the __________ Amendment that added the word 'male' to the Constitution for the first time. A. 13th B. 14th C. 15th D. all of the above. 58. In Bradwell v. Illinois (1873), the Supreme Court ruled that the 14th Amendment A. extended the right to vote to women. B. stated that voting was a privilege of citizenship. C. protected women, as well as freed slaves, from discrimination. D. did not protect women from discrimination. 59. Laws enacted by Southern states that resulted in segregation by race were also known as A. Jim Crow laws. B. Black Codes. C. grandfather rules. D. all of the above. 60. In Minor v. Happersett (1875), the Supreme Court ruled that A. the 14th Amendment did not extend the Bill of Rights to the states. B. the federal government must determine suffrage rights. C. women were not citizens. D. voting was not a privilege of citizenship. 61. Among the devices used in Southern states to prevent blacks from voting, were A. poll taxes. B. literacy tests. C. grandfather clauses. D. all of the above. 62. In __________, the Supreme Court found that segregation of rail transportation was constitutional because separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth

Amendment. A. the Civil Rights Cases B. the Slaughterhouse Cases C. Plessy v. Ferguson D. Bradwell v. Illinois 63. In response to the poor treatment of blacks following the Civil War, a number of people decided to form a group called the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in A. 1865. B. 1890. C. 1909. D. 1920. 64. The president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA. , founded in 1890, was A. Elizabeth Cady Stanton. B. Susan B. Anthony. C. Jane Addams. D. Louise Brown. 65. In 1964, a full decade after Brown v. Board of Education, __________ percent of African American children in the South attended integrated schools. A. fewer than 1 B. 10 C. 25 D. more than 50 66. The Supreme Court declared unconstitutional a Texas law making it a crime to obtain an abortion except for the purpose of saving the mother's life in A. "Lynch v. Donnelly" (1984). B. "Roe v. Wade" (1973). C. "Jaffree v. Wallace" (1985). D. "Lemon v. Kurtzman" (1971). 67. De facto segregation differs from de jure segregation in that A. de facto segregation is not done by the government, and de jure segregation is. B. de jure segregation is not enforced by law, and de facto segregation is. C. de facto segregation is not voluntary, and de jure segregation is. D. de jure segregation is not as effective as de facto segregation. 68. The case which held that the defendant had to be informed of his rights when arrested A. REYNOLDS v. SIMS B. WESBERRY v. SANDERS C. GIDEON v. WAINWRIGHT D. ESCOBEDO v. ILLINOIS E. MIRANDA v. ARIZONA 69. As a result of the Miranda Case:

A. defendants must be told their rights before being questioned. B. states can pay to bus children to parochial schools. C. newspapers have to reveal their sources of information. D. the police can conduct some searches without warrants. 70. The trial of a person for a crime for which he has already been found not guilty is known as A. habeas corpus B. ex post facto law C. due process D. double jeopardy 71. The case which stated the separate but equal doctrine A. BARRON v. BALTIMORE B. GITLOW v. NEW YORK C. PLESSY v. FERGUSON D. BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TOPEKA E. BURSTYN v. WILSON 72. Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment A. 1st Amendment B. 4th Amendment C. 5th Amendment D. 6th Amendment E. 8th Amendment 73. The DUE PROCESS CLAUSE of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: A. applies only to rights guaranteed under the U.S. Constitution. B. prohibits the federal government from regulating intrastate commerce. C. would allow states to take over private land for public use without cooperation from the owner. D. prohibits states from violating certain rights guaranteed by the federal Constitution. 74. State laws which legally segregated the races were called A. affirmative action B. Jim Crow laws C. exclusion laws D. good faith laws 75. The PLESSY v. FERGUSON was specifically and unanimously overturned by A. BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION B. SMITH v. ALLWRIGHT C. SWEATT v. PAINTER D. none of these 76. Blacks were kept from voting in the South by devices such as the A. literacy test B. poll tax

C. white primary D. all of these 77. The ------------ Amendment provides that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude ... shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." A. Eleventh B. Thirteenth C. Fourteenth D. Fifteenth 78. In what case did the Supreme court rule that the Constitution does not protect homosexual relationships even in the privacy of their own homes? A. Griswald v. Connecticut B. Katzenbach v. McClung C. Runyon v. McCrary D. Bowers v. Hardwick E. Xavier Hollander v. Chiciano 79. The methods by which a law is enforced involves which type of due process A. substantive B. procedural C. minority D. civil 80. Procedural due process refers to: A. the methods by which a law is enforced. B. the constitutionality of the content of laws. C. only criminal proceedings. D. stare decisis. 81. In 1971, the Supreme Court ruled that the 14th Amendment equal protection clause prohibited unreasonable classifications based on sex, but did not accord gender as a suspect classification entitled to strict scrutiny, in A. Reed v. Reed. B. Craig v. Boren. C. Missouri v. Jenkins. D. McLaurin v. Oklahoma. 82. The issue of separate drinking ages for men and women was challenged in the case A. Reed v. Reed. B. Craig v. Boren. C. Missouri v. Jenkins. D. McLaurin v. Oklahoma. 83. Under the U.S. Constitution, American Indians are considered to be A. equal to other minorities. B. of similar status to any other ethnic group. C. citizens of the United States. D. unique.

84. Native Americans were granted citizenship and the right to vote in A. 1781. B. 1865. C. 1924. D. 1971. 85. Among the tactics used by the Mexican-American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) to stop discrimination against Hispanics are A. litigation. B. scholarships. C. boycotts and sit-ins. D. all of the above. 86. In __________, the Supreme Court ruled that laws against consensual private acts of sodomy were constitutional. A. Baker v. Fairbanks B. Bowers v. Hardwick C. Griggs v. Duke D. Texas v. Hopwood 87. In assessing the constitutionality of gay rights issues, the Supreme Court, in 1996, used the standard of A. strict scrutiny. B. suspect classification. C. rationality. D. equal protection. 88. In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court ruled that A. schools could take race into account but not by strict numerical quotas. B. affirmative action was unconstitutional due to the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. C. a public employer may use preferences if there is a prior judicial finding of discrimination. D. a limited quota system may be constitutional in order to redress past discrimination. 89. The Constitution is silent on the issue of equality. True/False 90. The Constitution banned the slave trade. True/False 91. The first Africans were brought to the New World in 1619. True/False 92. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 made slavery illegal in all new states. True/False 93. Slavery was a divisive issue ever since slaves were first brought to the New World. True/False 94. The Compromise of 1820 reduced tensions over slavery. True/False

95. In most states during the 1800s, women could not divorce their husbands or keep their own wages and inheritances. True/False 96. In 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott called for the first women's rights convention. True/False 97. The Seneca Falls Convention approved the call to extend the franchise to women. True/False 98. In the Dred Scott case, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise. True/False 99. The 13th Amendment banned slavery. True/False 100. Most of the former Confederate states passed Black Codes to restrict opportunities for newly freed slaves. True/False 101. The Privileges and Immunities of Citizenship are guaranteed by the 15th Amendment. True/False 102. Women opposed the ratification of the 15th Amendment. True/False 103. In Bradwell v. U.S. (1873), the Supreme Court ruled that the 14th Amendment did not apply to women. True/False 104. Jim Crow laws were abolished following the Civil War. True/False 105. The doctrine of 'separate but equal' was promulgated by the Civil Rights Cases (1873). True/False 106. In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the majority of the Supreme Court argued that the Constitution should be color blind. True/False 107. The suffrage movement was the drive for women's right to vote. True/False 108. One of the most successful groups lobbying on behalf of women in the late 1800s was the National Consumers' League. True/False 109. NAWSA based its claim for the women's right to vote on the fact that mothers should be enfranchised. True/False 110. Women were granted the right to vote at the same time as African-Americans. True/False

111. The NAACP fought discrimination on an ad-hoc basis. True/False 112. In choosing cases to challenge segregation, the NAACP chose to start with elementary and secondary education because they were the most important to advancement for African Americans. True/False 113. The NAACP Legal Defense Fund created a carefully crafted strategy of test cases beginning with graduate and professional education believing that desegregating these would be less threatening to whites. True/False 114. President Truman was the first president to send a friend-of-the-court brief to the Supreme Court supporting the rights of African Americans. True/False 115. In Brown v. Board of Education, Thurgood Marshall argued before the Supreme Court that 'separate but equal' was unconstitutional according to the 14th Amendment. True/False 116. Brown was the most important civil rights case in the 20th century. True/False 117. In Brown II, the Court ruled that state court judges must implement desegregation. True/False 118. The governor of Arkansas prevented integration in the high school with the use of National Guard troops, until federal troops were called in to protect the students and integrate the school in the late 1950s. True/False 119. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was an important landmark for the civil rights movement because it was the first successful nonviolent protest. True/False 120. The Southern Christian Leadership Council was established by Frederick Douglass. True/False 121. The SCLC fought for the full implementation of Supreme Court decisions while SNCC had more radical objectives. True/False 122. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was filibustered in the Senate for eight weeks. True/False 123. Southern officials used whips, dogs, cattle prods, clubs, and tear gas on peaceful civil rights protesters in the 50s and 60s. True/False 124. Efforts by women's groups to convince the Supreme Court that the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause covered women was successful in 1961 in Hoyt v. Florida. True/False

125. The Equal Rights Amendment was only three states short of ratification in 1978. True/False 126. The Supreme Court considers both race and gender to be suspect classifications. True/False 127. Since 1976, the Supreme Court has ruled that single-sex public nursing and military schools violate the 14th Amendment. True/False 128. The Supreme Court has ruled that laws that provide for male-only draft registration and statutory rape laws that apply only to female victims are unconstitutional. True/False 129. EEOC sexual harassment filings have decreased dramatically since 1990. True/False 130. There are fewer than two million Native Americans in the United States today. True/False 131. Latino Americans used very different tactics to expand their civil rights than previous groups. True/False 132. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). extends the protections of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to disabled persons. True/False 133. In 1986, the Supreme Court began to rule against affirmative action cases, arguing that they were unconstitutional. True/False

Answers:
Key to the questions: 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. C

17. B 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D 36. C 37. D 38. D 39. B 40. D 41. C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. A 51. C 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. A 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. D 61. D 62. C 63. C 64. B 65. A 66. B 67. A 68. E 69. A 70. D 71. C

72. E 73. D 74. B 75. A 76. D 77. B 78. D 79. B 80. A 81. A 82. B 83. D 84. C 85. D 86. B 87. C 88. A 89. T 90. F 91. T 92. F 93. T 94. F 95. T 96. T 97. F 98. F 99. T 100. T 101. F 102. T 103. T 104. F 105. F 106. F 107. T 108. T 109. T 110. F 111. F 112. F 113. T 114. T 115. T 116. T 117. F 118. T 119. T 120. F 121. F 122. T 123. T 124. F 125. T 126. F 127. T

128. F 129. F 130. T 131. F 132. T 133. T