Adverb Clause of Time Adalah klausa adverbia yang menyatakan waktu.

Untuk menunjukkan adverb clause of time kita bisa menggunakan subordinating conjunctions: after, as long as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, while. Contoh: When I was reading an English book, my friend came. Ill tell you as soon as I know. Before I played basketball, I was a soccer player. The coach met with her players after the game was over. Etc. 2. Adverb Clause of Place Adalah klausa adverbia yang menyatakan tempat, kita bisa menggunakan subordinating

conjunctions: where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere. Contoh: You may go wherever you like. Wherever you are, Ill be able to find you. Anywhere you go, sports stars are national heroes. Etc. 3. Adverb Clause of Reason Adalah klausa adverbia yang menyatakan alasan, kita bisa menggunakan subordinating

conjunctions: as, because, since. Contoh: Bella doesnt go to school because she is sick. Since its raining so heavily, I cant go out. He was unable to play in the final games as he had hurt his ankle. Etc. 4. Adverb Clause of Manner Adalah klausa adverbia yang menyatakan cara. Contoh: Do as I ask you to do. 5. Adverb Clause of Contrast/ Concession Adalah klausa adverbia yang menyatakan perbedaan atau pertentangan. Kita bisa menggunakan subordinating conjunctions: although, even though, though, while, whereasuntuk menunjukkan adverb clause of contrast. Contoh: He is still poor although he has worked so hard. Even though I dont have much money, I will try to help him. They won the game, though they didnt really deserve the victory. Etc.

6. Adverb Clause of Condition Adalah klausa adverbia yang menyatakan syarat, kita bisa menggunakan subordinating

conjunctions: if, even if, only if, unless. Contoh: Youll succeed, if you do your best. If I were a bird, I would fly. You wont be rich unless you work hard. You will be comfortable inside the house even if its cold and raining outside . Etc. 7. Adverb Clause of Result Adalah klausa adverbia yang menyatakan akibat. Contoh: She is so short that she cant become a stewardess. She studies so hard that she is successful in her study. 8. Adverb Clause of Purpose Adalah klausa adverbia yang menyatakan tujuan. Contoh: Susan takes a computer lesson in order that she can get a job easily. People eat nutritious food so that they will keep healthy. 9. Adverb Clause of Comparison Adalah klausa adverbia yang menyatakan perbandingan. Contoh: Johan can speak English as fluently as his teacher. An elephant is stronger than a rabbit.

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES Adverbial Clause adalah anak kalimat yang menjelaskan tentang induk kalimatnya. Anak kalimat inilah yang disebut dengan Adverbial clause. Anak kalimat menjelaskan induk kalimatnya dengan terlebih dahulu didahului oleh kata sambung (conjunction) tertentu. Cara membentuk Main Clause dan Adverbial Clause adalah sama. Main Clause dan Adverbial Clause masing-masing dibentuk dari sebuah subject dan predicate. Penempatan conjunction yang membedakan Main Clause dan Adverbial Clause ditulis atau diucapkan ditengah-tengah. Subject + Predicate + Conjunction + Subject + Predicate Kalimat yang digaris bawahi merupakan Adverbial Clause. Posisi dari Adverbial Clause bisa dipindah kedepan sesuai dengan kebermaknaan dari kalimatnya. Ada beberapa jenis Adverbial Clause, masing-

masing dibedakan dari conjunctionnya, dengan arti lain, Adverbial Clause bisa dikenali dari conjunction dan begitu pula sebaliknya, kita tinggal memilih conjunction yang tepat sesuai dengan jenis Adverbial Clause nya. Dibawah ini jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause beserta conjunctionnya:

1. Clause of Time

(when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,til) While he was walking home, he saw an accident. By the time I arrive, Ryan will have left. You may begin when(ever) you are ready.

2. Clause of Place

(where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere) They sat down wherever they could find empty seats Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)

(although, though, while) Jellyta wanted to stop, while I wanted to go on. Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.

4. Clause of Manner

(as, like, the way) He did as I told him. They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.

5. Clause of Purpose and Result

(so..that) She bought a book so (that) she could learn English

6. Clause of Cause and Effect

(because, since, as) Because he was sleepy, he went to bed. Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.

7. Clause of Condition

(if, even if, unless) If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow. She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.

8. purpose clauses

(in order to, so that, in order that) They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats. She bought a book so (that) she could learn English

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

EXAMPLE : Where do you eat this food ? Answer : In steak 21 Where does any breaktime ? Answer : In canteen When do you go to cinema 21 ? Answer : At 11 am When does vally course english Answer : Every Monday How often does any watch movie ? Answer : Rarely You didnt look fine when I meet you this morning While father was washing his car, I was making up my bedroom After they returned the book to the library, they went home You can keep that note as long as you like Please call me as soon as you are at home

A. Pengertian Adverb Clause

Adverb Clause terdiri dari dua kata yaitu Adverb and Clause adverb adalah : kata keterangan yang menerangkan verb (kata kerja) dan adjective (kata sifat), clause adalah : anak kalimat. Jadi adverb clause adalah anak kalimat yang menerangkan kata sifat dan kata kerja dan berfungsi sebagai adverb. Adverb clause adalah terdiri dari delapan macam: seperti: Adverb clause of time, Adverb clause of place, Adverb clause of number, Adverb clause of menner, adverb clause of reanson, adverb clause of result, adverb clause of condition, dan adverb clause of contrast. Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya). Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain: 1. Clause of Time Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll. Contoh: Shut the door before you go out. You may begin when(ever) you are ready. While he was walking home, he saw an accident. By the time I arrive, Alex will have left. No sooner had she entered than he gave an order. 2. Clause of Place Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.

Contoh: They sat down wherever they could find empty seats The guard stood where he was positioned. Where there is a will, there is a way. Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest. Go where you like. 3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession) Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll. Contoh: As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard. Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on. Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer. He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student. 4. Clause of Manner Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll. Contoh: He did as I told him. You may finish it how you like. They may beat us again, like they did in 1978. 5. Clause of Purpose and Result Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll. Contoh: They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats. She bought a book so (that) she could learn English He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation. I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon. 6. Clause of Cause and Effect Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik. Contoh: Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record. It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim. The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.

The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class. Contoh: The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team. I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one. Contoh: He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now. The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat. Contoh: It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. ATAU It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors. It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. ATAU It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down. Contoh: She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her. They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one. Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble. This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu: 1.Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll Contoh: Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather) Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather) Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold) 2.Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, in as much as Contoh: Because he was sleepy, he went to bed. Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert. As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie. Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote. 3.Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.

Contoh: Alex failed the test because he didn't study. Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test. Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test. Catatan: Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara: 1)Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be). Contoh: a.ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend. b.MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend. 2)Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing. Contoh: a.ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast. b.MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast. Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari main Clause sama. Contoh: 1. DAPAT DIRUBAH While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep. While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep. Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends MENJADISince coming to this country, Mary has made many friends. 2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep. While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us. 7. Clause of Condition Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll. Contoh: If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow. She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her. Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss. In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once. The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once. We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.

B. Jenis-Jenis Adverb Clause

1. Adverb Clause of Reason Adalah : sebuah anak kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebab atau alasan. Adverb clause of reason di awali dengan konjungsi (penghubungnya) adalah : as/ since/ because/ whereas/ on the ground that. Example: - Is I love you, I can do anything for you. - Since she has a desire to marry, she discontinued her studing. - I stopped the work because I was tired. - Whereas I came late, My father punishet me. - His teacher punishet him on the grand that, he came late.

2. Adverb Clause of Result Adalah : sebuah anak kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan hasil perbuatan atau akibat. Adverb clause of result di awali dengan konjungsi so that, so + adjective + that, so + adverb + that, so. Example: - Nadhavi was so beautiful that I loved her at first sight. - He studies so hard that many studienst like him.

3. Adverb Clause of Condition Adalah : sebuah anak kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan kondisi. Adverb clause of condition di awali dengan konjungsi if/ unless/ whether/ provided that and so long as. Example: - If you help me, I shall be happy. - Unless you tell her about your love, she wont know it - You must do this wheter, you like it or not - I ean help you provide that you must follow my advice - So long as you work hard, you have no problem with me 4. Adverb Clause of Contrast Adverb Clause of Contrast adalah sebuah anak kalimat yang menerangkan bertentangan. Adverb Clause of Contrast diawali dengan konjungsi: although, eventh ough, though, whet eyer, no matter, however much, not with standing that. Example: a. I still no money although I worked hard b. Eventhough hehates me, he lend me the bock c. Though he is rice, he never give me the money d. Whatever he has done, he is your father

e. No mather what she sald, I still love her f. She will never succed however much he may try g. He was not refreshed not with standing that he had spent 2 weeks leave.

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as anadverb. In other words, it contains a subject (explicit or implied) and a predicate, and it modifies a verb. I saw Joe when I went to the store. (explicit subject I) He sat quietly in order to appear polite. (implied subjecthe) According to Sidney Greenbaum and Randolph Quirk, adverbial clauses function mainly as adjuncts or disjuncts. In these functions they are like adverbial phrases, but due to their potentiality for greater explicitness, they are more often like prepositional phrases(Greenbaum and Quirk,1990): We left after the speeches ended. (adverbial clause) We left after the end of the speeches. (adverbial prepositional phrase) Contrast adverbial clauses with adverbial phrases, which do not contain a clause. I like to fly kites for fun. Adverbial clauses modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. For example: Hardly had I reached the station when the train started to leave the platform. The adverbial clause in this sentence is "when the train started to leave the platform" because it is a subordinate clause and because it has the trigger word (subordinate conjunction) "when".

PENGERTIAN DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction(kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya). Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain: 1. Clause of Time Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction(kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.Contoh:Shut the door before you go out.You may begin when(ever) you are ready.While he was walking home, he saw an accident.By the time I arrive, Alex will have left. No sooner had she entered than he gave an order. 2. Clause of Place Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctionseperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.Contoh:They sat down wherever they could find empty seatsThe guard stood where he was positioned.Where there is a will, there is a way.Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.Go where you like. 3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession) Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yangsaling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as thetime, dll.Contoh:As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.Although it is late, well stay a little longer.He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student

Kinds of adverbial clauses

kind of clause common conjunctions function example

time clauses

when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,till, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "when?"); hardly, scarcely, no sooner, etc.

These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event. These clauses are used to talk about a possible or counterfactual situation and its consequences. These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action. These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something. These clauses are used to indicate the result of something. These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.

Her goldfish diedwhen she was young.

conditional clauses

if, unless, lest

If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards. They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard. I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much. My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed. I used to read a lotalthough I don't get much time for books now.

purpose clauses

in order to, so that, in order that

reason clauses

because, since, as, given

result clauses

so...that

concessive clauses

although, though, while

place clauses

where, wherever, anywhere, These clauses are used to everywhere, etc. talk about the location or (conjunctions that answer the position of something. question "where?") These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.

He said he was happy where he was.

clauses of manner

as, like, the way

I was never allowed to do things as I wanted to do them.