Curiosity Science Blog

Eye

Eyes help in vision It is a very complicated sense organ.

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Parts of eye

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Layers of eye
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1.Sclera 2.Choroid

3.Retina

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Sclera [Outer layer]

Gives rigidity to the eye ball.
Transparent front part of the sclera is known as cornea

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Choroid (Middle Layer)

It is the middle layer of the eye.
It contains many blood capillaries, which give nourishment to the

eye. I r i s is the front black part of the eye, prevents harmful light. Pupil is the center hole of eye ball, controls the entry of light into the eye. Iris Pupil
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Retina (Innermost layer)

Innermost layer of eye.
Images are formed in this part. Rod cells and cone cells are present here

Yellow spot is the vision centre in the retina

Blind spot is the visionless area in retina
(no cones and rods

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Chambers of eye (1/2)

Aqueous chamber

Space between cornea and lens. Aqueous fluid is inside this chamber. It is formed from blood and reabsorbed to blood. It gives Oxygen and nutrients to the cornea and eyeball.

Aqueous chamber

Related: Glaucoma
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Chambers of eye (2/2)

Vitreous chamber

Space between lens and retina. Vitreous fluid is present here. Its main function to give definite shape to the eye ball.

Vitreous chamber

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Optic Nerve
It begins from the blind spot (a spot without vision in

retina) and connect to the brain. It carries impulses from the eye to brain and then converted it into image

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lens
Transparent elastic convex lens made up of crystalline

substance. Helps to focus light on retina and to form real images.

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Ciliary muscles
It is the continuation of the choroid and connects to

the lens by ligaments. Helps power of accommodation.

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Viewing distant object

Ciliary muscles relax. Focal length increases.

Ligaments contract

Curvature of the lens decreases.

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Viewing near objects

Ciliary muscles contract Curvature of lens increases

Focal length decreases

Ligaments relax

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Flowchart of vision
Light Cornea Aqueous fluid Pupil Lens Vitrious fluid Retina Yellow spot Optic nerve cerebrum

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Pigments in eye
Rhodopsin: pigment in rod cells. Retinal and Opsin are

the main basic factors.

In bright light Rhodopsin Retinal + Opsin In dim light Retinal + Opsin Rhodopsin

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Rod cells and cone cells

Rod cells and rod cells are the

sensory receptors of the eye. Rod cells helps to see in dim light Cone cells contain a pigment molecule called photopsin which helps the vision in bright light and in coloured light.

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Night blindness
Night Blindness" is a condition making it difficult or

impossible to see in relatively low light. Night blindness may exist from birth, or be caused by injury or malnutrition (e.g.lack of vitamin A).

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Color blindness
There is no actual blindness but there is a deficiency of

color vision. The most usual cause is a fault in the development of cone cells that detects color in light.

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Myopia (short sight)

Cant see distant objects properly
Due to the elongation of the eye ball. Concave lens is used as the remedy

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Hypermetropia (long sight)

Cant see near objects clearly
Due to the shortening of the eye ball Convex lens is used as remedy

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Presbyopia
Cant focus near objects
Reason Elasticity of lens decreases Remedy

Using convex lens

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Astigmatism
Disorder in the curvature of the lens or cornea
Remedy: cylindrical lens

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Glaucoma
Pressure inside the eye ball
Remedy: laser treatment

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Squint
Defects in the muscles connected to the eye ball
Remedy: surgery

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The End

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