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Sync Generator Example
Sync Generator Example
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/SYNCHRONIZING
Lightning Arrestor
Lightning Arrestor
AMF BOARD
AMF Board
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Lightning Arrestor
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AC Generator
AC Generator (Basic)
Function
converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
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AC Generator (Basic)
Principle
"Whenever a conductor or coil cuts a magnetic field or vise-versa, an induced current will flow in a conductor or an induced voltage will exist across the conductor"
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AC Generator (Basic)
Construction / Main components
AC Output
Rotation
N
Rotor
N S
Frame of Yoke
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Field Winding
AC Generator (Basic)
Requirements
1 Magnetic Fluxes produce by a copper conductors known as Field winding when receives a DC supply from exciter. 2 Conductor or Coil a copper conductors known as Armature winding, carry induced current when cutting process occurs. 3 Cutting Process is a process where a conductor cuts the magnetic field or a magnetic field cuts the conductor which results and induce current flow in the conductor.
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AC Generator (Basic)
Performance
1. Generated Voltage or Output Voltage ( E ) E = B l v sin q in volt (V) Where , E B l v q = output voltage = Magnetic field strength = Length of conductor under magnetic flux = speed of generator = cutting angle
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AC Generator (Basic)
Performance
2. Frequency ( f ) f = pN 120 in Hertz ( Hz )
Where,
f generator speed
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AC Generator (Basic)
Performance
3. Generator Speed ( N ) 120f in Hertz ( Hz ) p
N =
Where,
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AC Generator (Basic)
Performance
4. Output power ( P ) For a Single phase P P = = V I cos VI
q - Watt or Kilowatt ( kW ) or
- VA or Kilovoltamp ( kVA )
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where cos
q = power factor
AC Generator (Basic)
Performance
5. Generator Efficiency ( h )
Output Wattage
=
Input Wattage
x 100
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Stray loss = Bearing and brushes friction losses + Windage losses + Iron losses ( eddy current + hysteresis losses )
AC Generator (Basic)
Overall Performance
Fuel (Chemical Energy)
KVA
h
Mechanical Energy Input (Engine Power)
p.fGen + Load
KWinput
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KWout
h
(Mechanical Energy Input) Motor Hp rating
Brushless AC Generator
Main Parts and Function
No slipring and carbon Brush required Less Maintenance has PMG for high KVA rating as
an additional components
AVR
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Main Generator
Brushless AC Generator
Parts and Function
1 The Main Generator
4-pole, rotating field ac generator The field winding is wound to the salient pole of the rotor Speed at 1500 rpm 415VAC, 50Hz output is tap from the stationary
armature winding.
Pole Shoe
Inter-connector
Field Winding
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Rotor Body
Salient Pole
Cylindrical Pole
Brushless AC Generator
Parts and Function
2 The AC Exciter > 8-pole brushless stationary field ac generator provide high armature output @ >100Hz frequency to be rectified and converted to DC voltage by a rotating rectifier for main generator field excitation.
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Brushless AC Generator
Parts and Function
3 The Pilot Exciter an AC generator with rotating permanent magnets as its field. provides constant power to the AVR/MVR under all conditions regardless of the main generator output condition. For high KVA rating only >1MVA
Permanent Magnet
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AC Exciter Armature
Brushless AC Generator
Parts and Function
4 Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) to control and regulate DC excitting current to the Exciter Field consist of Rectifier circuit, Voltage regulator/adjuster/comparator and Amplifier
Ac Exciter Armature Rotating rectifier
Ac Exciter Field
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Brushless AC Generator
Parts and Function
5 Rotating Rectifier a three-phase full-wave bridge, having six diode elements, mounted on a rotating steel plate, located at the exciter end for easy inspection, testing and replacement. output of ac exciter is rectified and converted to DC excitation voltage here for main generator field excitation.
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Brushless AC Generator
Generator Excitation
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Brushless AC Generator
Generator Excitation
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Brushless AC Generator
Generator Excitation (with Pilot Exciter)
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Brushless AC Generator
Generator Excitation (with Pilot Exciter)
Permanent Magnet Rotor Exciter Rotor Rotating rectifier Assembly Main field Shaft Axis
Output Terminals
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AVR
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Generator Board
Function
for start and stop the generator set. continuous display and monitoring of the generated output. provide generator protection facilities with audible alarm signal
and fault indication lights. provide generator circuit breaker control . provide control engine speed, generator excitation/generator voltage. provide provide synchronization facilities.
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Generator Board
Parts
A B D D A B C E
F G H
F G I J
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C - Generator Protection Panel D - Synchronizing Metering Panel E - Power Factor Circuit Breaker F - Neutral Isolator Panel
Generator Board
The 3 Systems
PM
G
Metering System
Control System
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Generator Board
1. Metering System
to monitor system performance
line voltage, line current, power factor,reactive power , true power , frequency and power consumption rate.
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Generator Board
1. Metering System Connection
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Generator Board
2. Control System
to control the generator operation and performance
smooth start-up (auto and manual) regulates the speed and voltage output (Governor and AVR) synchronizing if possible
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Generator Board
2. Control System (Electronic Governor)
provides two functions, indicate exact engine speed and
kilowatt load sharing when synchronised
Input from Auto Synchronizer
Actuator
Fuel Control Valve
Magnetic Pickup
Engine
Generator
Engine Flywheel
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Fuel line
Generator Board
2. Protection System
protects the generator against system problems/faults
overload, loss of load, unbalanced loading, under/over frequency and under/over voltage, Insulation failure, mechanical failure, excitation system failure reverse power
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Generator Board
2. Protection System Connection
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Generator Board
2. Protection System (Alarm & Shutoff)
DC CONTROL SWITCH EMERGENCY STOP MANUAL START P/B
AFR-3
SR
SR-4
AST
FSM-4 SDT-1
FSM
FC-4 AFR-4
OPT
FSR-1 EFR-1 OCR-1 RPTR-1 LOP-1 HWT-1 OSR-1
FC
ALARM CANCEL P/B
ACR
ACR-1
FC-2
ACR-2
AR
FSR-2 FST-1 RESET P/B
FSR
EFR-2
EF-1
EFR
OCR-2
OC-1
OCR
RPTR-2
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RPR-1
RPTR
LOP-2 OPT-1 Alt-Relay No Contact
LOP
HWT-2
ive
HWT
OSR-2
OSR
Rotary Charger
Static Charger
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Battery Bank
Fuel Storage
Function (Bulk Storage)
to ensure continuous and clean supply of diesel fuel.
intake line
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Board
Generator
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Overall Interconnection
CB1
CB2
Gen.1
AVR
AVR
Gen.2
Governor & Speed Sensor Starter Motor Prime Mover Rotary Charger Battery Bank Gen.1 Static Charger
Built-in Rectifier
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Battery Bank
Rotary Charger
MUVR@AMF
EMERGENCY STOP
NO
ATR
SDT
FST
TEST AFR-4 AST-1 SR-3
ST
ST-1 SR-4 SYNCHRONIZING MODE SELECTOR SWITCH S7 MASTER STOP P/B MASTER START P/B
MSR SR
MSR-1
SR-4
AST
FSM-4 SDT-1
MUVR-1
ASR FSM
FC-4
AFR-4
OPT
FSR-1 EFR-1 OCR-1 RPTR-1 LOP-1 HWT-1 OSR-1
FC
ALARM CANCEL P/B
SCR1
ACR
ACR-1
CON2
AR
FSR-2 FST-1 RESET P/B
GR2a
CON1
SNC2
FSR
EFR-2
SNC1
SCR2
EF-1
GR1b GR1a
EFR
OCR-2
OC-1
GR2a GR2b
GR1a
OCR
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RPTR-2
RPR-1
RPTR
LOP-2 OPT-1 Alt-Relay No Contact
GR2a
OPT1 ive RR RY RY
LOP
HWT-2
DBT1
OPT2 AR1
DBT2 HWT
OSR-2 AR2
OSR
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In general, shut down procedure is reverse the start-up procedures unless emergency shutdown required by pushing the emergency push button