Section A [28 marks] 1 A student carries out an experiment to find out the relationship between mass, m, and the

oscillation period, T, of an inertia balance. A piece of i!saw blade is clamped at one end and a plasticine ball with mass 1"."! is fixed at the other end. The distance from the plasticine ball to the clamp is 2"." cm. The arran!ement of the apparatus for the experiment is shown in #i!ure 1.1.

#i!ure 1.1 The i!saw blade is displaced hori$ontall% to one side and then released so that it oscillates. The time for 1" oscillations, t1, is taken usin! a stop watch. The i!saw blade is oscillated a!ain to obtain the time for 1" oscillations, t 2, for the second time. The actual readin!s of t 1 and t2 are shown in #i!ure 1.2. The experiment is repeated b% usin! plasticine balls with masses 2"."! , &"." !, '"." ! and ("." !. The readin!s of the stop watch are shown in #i!ures 1.&, 1.', 1.( and 1.). The period of oscillation, T, of the i!saw blade is !i*en b% the followin! e+uation,

T-

tmean t + t2 where tmean - 1 1" 2

.a/ #or the experiment described abo*e, identif%, .i/ the manipulated *ariable, 000000000000000000000000000000000.. [1 mark] .ii/ the respondin! *ariable 000000000000000000000000000000000.. [1 mark] .iii/ a constant *ariable 0000000000000000000000000000000000 [1 mark] 2 .b/ 1ased on #i!ures 1.2, 1.&, 1.', 1.( and 1.), determine t1, t2, tmean, T and T for each *alue of m in the space below. [2 marks]

.c/ 3n a piece of !raph paper, plot a !raph T2 a!ainst m. .d/ 4se %our !raph to state the relationship between T and m.

[( marks] [1 mark]

A student carried out an experiment to in*esti!ate the relationship between the temperature of a li+uid when heated and its mass m. The student used the same immersion heater to heat up different masses of the li+uid in a constant time. The initial temperature, which is constant and the final temperature,

o , of the li+uid

, of the li+uid after bein! heated are recorded. a!ainst

1 shown in #i!ure 2.1. m

The result of the experiment is shown in a !raph of

#i!ure 2.1

.a/ The initial temperature, o , of the li+uid can be determined from the intercept of the Show on the !raph on #i!ure 2.1 how %ou determine

5axis.

o and write the *alue below.

[2 marks]

o - 00000000..

.b/ State the relationship between and m. 0000000000000000000000000000000000000.. [1 mark] .c/ The specific heat capacit%, c, of the li+uid is !i*en b% the e+uation6

'.( 1" ' k 7here k is the !radient of the !raph. c=

.i/

1 . m Show on the !raph how %ou determine the !radient.

8alculate the !radient of the !raph of

a!ainst

[& marks]

.ii/

8alculate the *alue of the specific heat capacit%, c, of the li+uid.

[2 marks]

.d/ 9etermine the mass, m, of the heated li+uid if the final temperature, , is &2 o8. Show on the !raph how %ou determine the *alue of m. [& marks]

.e/ State one precaution that should be taken durin! this experiment. 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000. [1 mark]

Section 1 [12 marks] Answer any one question from this section. 1

The physical properties of soils depend on the size of its granules. Sands have bigger granules than clay. Therefore the air space between granules of sand is greater than granules of clay.

A student carried out an experiment to stud% the capillar% action on sand and cla%. :e used an e+ual amount of sand and cla% and two similar open5ended !lass tubes. :e filled one of the !lass tubes with sand and another with cla%. 1oth !lass tubes were placed in water at the same time as shown in #i!ure 1.1. After 1( minutes, the water le*el in the cla% was hi!her than in the sand as shown in #i!ure 1.2.

4sin! the information in the box abo*e and the result of the experiment6 .a/ make one suitable inference, [1 mark] .b/ state one appropriate h%pothesis that could be in*esti!ated, [1 mark] .c/ describe how %ou would desi!n an experiment to test %our h%pothesis usin! capillar% tubes with different internals diameters and other apparatus. ;n %our description, state clearl% the followin!, .i/ aim of the experiment .ii/ *ariables in the experiment .iii/ list of apparatus and materials .i*/ arran!ement of the apparatus .*/ the procedure of the experiment, which includes the method of controllin! the manipulated *ariable and the method of measurin! the respondin! *ariable .*i/ the wa% %ou would tabulate the data

.*ii/ 2

the wa% %ou would anal%se the data [1" marks]

#i!ure 2.1 shows a starter motor of a car connected to a 12 < batter%.

7hen the starter motor is switched on, hi!h current flows from the batter% to the motor throu!h a wire. To reduce ener!% lost in it, the wire used is thick and short. 4sin! the information in the box abo*e and the result of the experiment6 .a/ make one suitable inference, [1 mark] .b/ state one appropriate h%pothesis that could be in*esti!ated, [1 mark] .c/ describe how %ou would desi!n an experiment to test %our h%pothesis usin! constantan wire and other apparatus. ;n %our description, state clearl% the followin!, .*iii/ aim of the experiment .ix/ *ariables in the experiment .x/ list of apparatus and materials .xi/ arran!ement of the apparatus .xii/ the procedure of the experiment, which includes the method of controllin! the manipulated *ariable and the method of measurin! the respondin! *ariable .xiii/ the wa% %ou would tabulate the data .xi*/ the wa% %ou would anal%se the data [1" marks]