UNIVERSIDAD TCNICA FEDERICO SANTA MARIA

HCW 310 Ingls Cientfico Tecnolgico I y HIW 310 Ingls para Ingeniera I

Carbon tetrachloride is a colorless and inflammable liquid that can be produced by combining
carbon disulfide and chlorine. This compound is widely used in industry today because of its
effectiveness as a solvent as well as its use in the production of propellants.
Line
Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride has been banned for home use. In
(5)
the past, carbon tetrachloride was a common ingredient in cleaning compounds that were used
throughout the home, but it was found to be dangerous: when heated, it changes into a poisonous gas
that can cause severe illness and even death if it is inhaled. Because of this dangerous characteristic,
the United States revoked permission for the home use of carbon tetrachloride in 1970. The United
States has taken similar action with various other chemical compounds.

1. The main point of this passage is that

(A) carbon tetrachloride can be very
dangerous when it is heated
(B) the government banned carbon
tetrachloride In 1970
(C) although carbon tetrachloride can
legally be used in industry, it is
not allowed in home products
(D) carbon tetrachloride used to be a
regular part of cleaning
compounds
2. The word widely in line 2 could most
easily be replaced by
(A) grandly
(B) extensively
(C) largely
(D) hugely
3. The word banned in line 4 is closest in
meaning to
(A) forbidden
(B) allowed
(C) suggested
(D) Instituted
4. According to the passage, before 1970
carbon tetrachloride was
(A) used by itself as a cleanser
(B) banned in industrial use
(C) often used as a component of
cleaning products
(D) not allowed in home cleaning
products

5. It is stated in the passage that when

carbon tetrachloride is heated, it
becomes
(A) harmful
(B) colorless
(C) a cleaning compound
(D) inflammable
6. The word inhaled in line 7 is closest in
meaning to
(A) warmed
(B) breathed in
(C) carelessly used
(D) blown
7. The word revoked in line 8 could most
easily be replaced by
(A) gave
(B) granted
(C) instituted
(D) took away
8. It can be inferred from the passage that
one role of the U.S. government is to
(A) regulate product safety
(B) prohibit any use of carbon
tetrachloride
(C) instruct industry on cleaning
methodologies
(D) ban the use of any chemicals
9. The paragraph following the passage
most likely discusses
(A) additional uses for carbon
tetrachloride
(B) the banning of various chemical
compounds by the U.S.
government
(C) further dangerous effects of
carbon tetrachloride
(D) the major characteristics of carbon
tetrachloride

a. Look at the headline. What does it

mean?

HCW 310 Ingls Cientfico Tecnolgico I y HIW 310 Ingls para Ingeniera I

Tick
one box.
Electric cars are moving.
Electric cars are becoming more
popular.

..
5

1b. Now read the article quickly and

answer these questions:
Who has done what? Where? Why?
Who?

What?

Where?

Why?
..
2

Complete these sentences using the

information in the article.
Only half or one third ..
is turned into..
If we could increase this to
we would..
It is possible to do this by using a

3 Paragraph one uses the phrase useful

work. What do you think this means?

Find words or phrases in the article

which mean the same as the
following:
combination of two things
..............
............
burning .

......
exploded

having no power

..

6a Complete this flowchart about how

an engine works.

6b Complete this flowchart about how

a fuel cell works:

4a Complete this table about the

disadvantages of fuel cells:
Fuel cells are ...
a)

b)

c)
4b Where have fuel cells been used?
Why?
Where?
...
Why?
a)
.
b)

Complete this paragraph comparing

batteries, fuel cells and normal
engines.
Normal engines have thousands of
.. which
make an engine
waste
. have no moving
parts but when they are .

HCW 310 Ingls Cientfico Tecnolgico I y HIW 310 Ingls para Ingeniera I

they have to be . or

a)

.. A fuel cell is like a

battery because .

and it is like an engine because

b)

c)

What are the advantages of electric

cars?

Project
The article is about one way to reduce the worlds consumption of petrol. Can you think
of any more ways? What would be the advantages and disadvantages of your
suggestions?
Grammar note
The article is in three sections:
(a) Talking about past problems with fuel cells.
(b) Talking about the situation now.
(c) Talking about the future.
Look at the article and identify these three sections. What verbs do they use? Below is a
list of verbs that are used in the article.
Write down (a), (b) or (c) next to each one according to what section they appear in.
will be

have been

have had

are

can

be made

would

is/are

HCW 310 Ingls Cientfico Tecnolgico I y HIW 310 Ingls para Ingeniera I

The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do not appear to the naked eye to
change, and as a result stars are often considered to be fixed in position. Many unaware stargazers
falsely assume that each star has its own permanent home in the nighttime sky.
Line
In reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of the tremendous distances between (5)
stars themselves and from stars to Earth, the changes are barely perceptible here. An example of a
rather fast-moving star demonstrates why this misconception prevails; it takes approximately 200
years for a relatively rapid star like Bernards star to move a distance in the skies equal to the
diameter of the earths moon. When the apparently negligible movement of the stars is contrasted
with the movement of the planets, the stars are seemingly unmoving.

1.

Which of the following is the best

title for this passage?
(A) What the Eye Can See in the
Sky
(B) Bernards Star
(C) Planetary Movement
(D) The Evermoving Stars

2.

The expression naked eye in line

1 most probably refers to
(A) a telescope
(B) a scientific method For
observing stars
(C) unassisted vision
(D) a camera with a powerful lens

3.

According to the passage, the

distances between the stars and
Earth are
(A) barely perceptible
(B) huge
(C) fixed
(D) moderate

4.

The word perceptible in line 5 is

closest in meaning to which of the
following?
(A) Noticeable
(B) Persuasive
(C) Conceivable
(D) Astonishing

5.

In line 6, a misconception is
closest in meaning to a(n)
(A) idea
(B) proven fact
(C) erroneous belief
(D) theory

6.

The passage states that in 200

years Bernards star can move
(A) around Earths moon
(B) next to Earths moon
(C) a distance equal to the
distance from Earth to the
Moon
(E) a distance seemingly equal to
the diameter of the Moon

7.

The passage implies that from

Earth it appears that the planets
(A) are fixed in the sky
(B) move more slowly than the
stars
(C) show approximately the same
amount of movement as the
stars
(D) travel through the sky
considerably more rapidly
than the stars

8.

The word negligible in line 8

could most easily be replaced by
(A) negative
(B) insignificant
(C) rapid
(D) distant

9.

Which of the following is NOT true

according to the passage?
(A)
(B)

Stars do not appear to the eye

to move.
The large distances between
stars and the earth tend to
magnify
movement to the eye.

HCW 310 Ingls Cientfico Tecnolgico I y HIW 310 Ingls para Ingeniera I

(C) Bernards star moves quickly

in comparison with other stars.
(D) Although stars move, they
seem to be fixed.
10. The paragraph following the
passage most probably discusses
(A) the movement of the planets
(B) Bernards star
(C) the distance from Earth to the

Moon
(D) why stars are always moving
11. This passage would most probably
be assigned reading in which
course?
(A) Astrology
(B) Geophysics
(C) Astronomy
(D) Geography

Before you read

What are natural resources?

How are they found?
Where are they found?
SEARCHING FOR BLACK GOLD

OUR world depends very heavily on oil. We use it in power stations, to fuel our
cars, and as a source of thousands of different chemicals, including plastics.
The big problem the world faces is that oil is a natural resource, created by natural
processes millions of years ago. And, like all natural resources theres only a limited
amount available. At the rate we are using it our known resources could be exhausted
in 50 years.
But so far not all of the world has been properly explored for oil, and its possible
that there are huge reserves hidden under the ground somewhere. Recently, two oil
companies have announced that they think they have found some indications that they
may have found large amounts of oil and in places that havent been looked at
before.
British Petroleum have been exploring for oil in Columbia, and they claim to have
actually found some. For them the question remains as to how much oil is hidden
underground.
On the other side of the world, in the Seychelles, they are also searching for oil,
and it seems there is a real chance new oil fields might I be found. Enterprise Oil, a
small British company, are about to drill down to look for it.
Looking for oil is a bit of a guessing game, but the geologists who search for places
that oil might be found know what to look for. Oil is generally believed to have been
formed from the buried remains of billions of tiny sea creatures that died and got buried
in the mud at the bottom of the sea.
Over millions of years the mud turns to rock and the little dead bodies give up their
oil which gradually flows upwards. And over millions of years the layers of rock build up
one on top of another, they bend and crack and change shape as the Earths crust
moves about.
Sometimes the newer rocks above the old oily rocks get bent into a shape like a
trap with a layer of rock that oil cant pass through on top like a lid then you get and
oil field where the oil builds up and cant get out.

HCW 310 Ingls Cientfico Tecnolgico I y HIW 310 Ingls para Ingeniera I

Geologists look for these shapes and try to work out which ones might contain oil.
Then the only way to be sure is to drill a hole through the cap rock down into the rock
below to see if there is any oil there.
BP have done that and definitely found some but they will have to drill more
wells to find out how much oil there is. In the Seychelles they have found some
promising traps, but they will have to wait until the drillers have done their job to find
out if the well is a gusher or if its dry.
1a What
is
black
gold? .........................................
4
Find words or phrases which
.........
mean the same as the following:
made
1b Who is doing what, why?
..................................................
Who? .........................................
looking for
(i) ..............................................
What? ........................................
(ii) .............................................
Why? .........................................
slowly ............................................
......
2
Name three things that are made
from oil.
5
Look at the diagram below. Fill in
(i)
.......................................
the labels with the information in
(ii)
.......................................
this paragraph.
(iii)
3

.......................................

What is the problem?

..................................................
..................................................
..................................................

Oil is formed in old sea bed rock from the

remains of dead sea creatures. It slowly
filters upwards until it meets rock that it
cannot pass through. Sometimes, trapped
between this oil and the impenetrable
rock, is a layer of gas. In order to find out
whether oil is present, geologists set of
explosions just below the surface. The
shock waves bounce off the rock
formations and are picked up by a series
of microphones. On the basis of this data,
the geologists decide whether it is worth
drilling down to find out whether oil is
present.

PROJECT
Look again at your list of natural resources in the Before you read ... section. How do
you think they are searched for. If you dont know, find out and write short explanations
7

HCW 310 Ingls Cientfico Tecnolgico I y HIW 310 Ingls para Ingeniera I

similar to that you looked at in question 5.

Whereas literature in the first half of the eighteenth century in America had been largely
religious and moral in tone, by the latter half of the century the revolutionary fervor that was coming
to life in the colonies began to be reflected in the literature of the time, which in turn served to further
Line influence the population. Although not all writers of this period supported the Revolution, the two
(5)
best-known and most influential writers, Ben Franklin and Thomas Paine, were both strongly
supportive of that cause.
Ben Franklin first attained popular success through his writings in his brothers newspaper, the
New England Current. In these articles he used a simple style of language and common sense
argumentation to defend the point of view of the fanner and the Leather Apron man. He continued
(10)
with the same common sense practicality and appeal to the common man with his work on Poor
Richards Almanac from l733 until 1758. Firmly established in his popular acceptance by the people,
Franklin wrote a variety of extremely effective articles and pamphlets about the colonists
revolutionary cause against England.
Thomas Paine was an Englishman working as a magazine editor in Philadelphia at the time of
(15)
the Revolution. His pamphlet Common Sense, which appeared in 1776, was a force in encouraging
the colonists to declare their independence from England. Then throughout the long and desperate
war years he published a series of Crisis papers (from 1776 until 1783) to encourage the colonists to
continue on with the struggle. The effectiveness of his writing was probably due to his emotional yet
oversimplified depiction of the cause of the colonists against England as a classic struggle of good
(20) and evil.

1.

The paragraph preceding this

passage most likely discusses
(A) how literature influences the
population
(B) religious and moral literature
(C) literature supporting the cause
of the American Revolution
(D) what made Thomas Paines
literature successful

2.

The word fervor in line 2 is

closest in meaning to
(A) war
(B) anxiety
(C) spirit
(D) action

3.

The word time in line 3 could best

be replaced by
(A) hour
(B) period
(C) appointment
(D) duration

4.

It is implied in the passage that

(A) some writers in the American
colonies supported England
during the
Revolution
(B) Franklin and Paine were the
only writers to influence the
Revolution
(C) because Thomas Paine was
an
Englishman, he supported
England against the colonies
(D) authors who supported
England did not remain in the
colonies during the Revolution

5.

The pronoun he in line 8 refers to

(A) Thomas Paine
(B) Ben Franklin
(C) Ben Franklins brother
(D) Poor Richard

6.

The expression point of view in

line 9 could best be replaced by
(A) perspective
(B) sight
(C) circumstance

HCW 310 Ingls Cientfico Tecnolgico I y HIW 310 Ingls para Ingeniera I

(D) trait

I Read the text about making wine.

Do you like drinking wine? I do
Its my favorite drink, red or white!
Wine growers all over the world produce wine but I prefer Chilean wine. The wine
making process can take years. Manufacturers grow their grapes in vineyards. When
they are ripe, workers pick the grapes and take them into the winery. Machines press
the grapes and pour the grape juice into barrels. The wine experts add sugar to help
fermentation, and then leave the wine, sometimes for several years. When it is ready,
machines bottle the wine and company sells it to wine dealers. The dealers distribute
the cases of wine to shops and businesses, and wine lovers all over the world drink the
final product. The year in which the wine was made is called the vintage. Some years
produce excellent wines they say it all depends on the weather! Cheers!
II
Complete the sentences below using the underlined verbs from the text.
Use the present simple passive voice. The past participles you need are in the
box.
added
picked

bottled
poured

distributed
pressed

drunk
produced

grown
sold

1 Wine is produced all over the world.

2 The grapes __________________ in vineyards.
3 The grapes __________________ when they are ripe.
4 They ________________ to the winery.
5 Then the grapes __________________
6 The grape juice ______________ into barrels.
7 The sugar______________________to help fermentation.
8 The wine ____________________for several years.
9 When ready, the wine ________________
10 The bottles _________________ to wine dealers.
11 The cases of wine _________________ to shops and businesses
12 The final product ______________ all over the world.

left
taken

HCW 310 Ingls Cientfico Tecnolgico I y HIW 310 Ingls para Ingeniera I

PROCESS DESCRIPTION
1 Summarize the process description into its main steps.
2 Label the steps in the diagram
3 Describe the process in a paragraph using sequence words (linking words).
10

15

20

25

30

When possible, water supplies are taken from unpolluted

sources. Due to the rapidly increasing demand for water as a
citys population grows, however, it is often necessary to take
water from polluted rivers and lakes. Therefore, before this
water can be safely used, it has to be purified.
Water purification is a simple, largely natural process, and
like many natural processes, it cannot be hurried. The first
stage is to pump the water from lakes and rivers into settling
tanks. (See Fig. below.) Here it is left undisturbed for
several days while the larger particles of sediment slowly
sink to the bottom. From the settling tanks the water passes
into large reservoirs, the floors of which are filters, many
hectares in extent. The bottom of each reservoir is made of
concrete, then come several layers of successively smaller
stones. On top of the stones are layers of successively finer
sand. As the water very slowly percolates through this
complex filter to the outlet pipes at the bottom, it is cleaned of
fine sediment and purified of all but the minutest bacteria.
After the water has passed through the filter beds in the
reservoirs, it is chlorinated. This is to ensure that the water is
completely pure before it is pumped to storage tanks or
reservoirs situated, if possible, high above the tallest buildings
of the city. Chlorine oxide (Cl20) dissolves in water to
form hypochlorous acid (HClO)*. Because this is a weak acid,
it decomposes easily to release a very active form of oxygen
that destroys the bacteria that remain in the water.

* Hypochlorous acid is also called chlorie I acid.

Fig. Water supply from a river through a treatment plant to domestic users.

10

HCW 310 Ingls Cientfico Tecnolgico I y HIW 310 Ingls para Ingeniera I

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves in front of the Sun and hides at least some part of
the Sun from the earth. In a partial eclipse, the Moon covers part of the Sun; in an annular eclipse,
the Moon covers the center of the Sun, leaving a bright ring of light around the Moon; in a total
Line eclipse, the Sun is completely covered by the Moon.
5)
It seems rather improbable that a celestial body the size of the Moon could completely block out
the tremendously immense Sun, as happens during a total eclipse, but this is exactly what happens.
Although the Moon is considerably smaller in size than the Sun, the Moon is able to cover the Sun
because of their relative distances from Earth. A total eclipse can last up to 7 minutes, during which
time the Moons shadow moves across Earth at a rate of about .6 kilometers per second.

1. This passage mainly

(A) describes how long an eclipse
will last
(B) gives facts about the Moon
(C) explains how the Sun is able to
obscure the Moon
(D) informs the reader about solar
eclipses
2. In which type of eclipse is the Sun
obscured in its entirety?
(A) A partial eclipse
(B) An annular eclipse
(C) A total eclipse
(D) A celestial eclipse
3. The word ring in line 3 could best
be replaced by
(A) piece of gold
(B) circle
(C) jewel
(D) bell
4. A celestial body in line 5 is most
probably one that is found
(A) within the Moons shadow
(B) somewhere in the sky

11

(C) on the surface of the Sun

(D) inside Earths atmosphere
5. What is the meaning of block out
in line 5?
(A) Square
(B) Cover
(C) Evaporate
(D) Shrink
6. According to the passage, how can
the Moon hide the Sun during a total
eclipse?
(A) The fact that the Moon is closer
to Earth than the Sun makes up
for the Moons smaller
size.
(B) The Moon can only obscure the
Sun because of the Moons
great distance from the
earth.
(C) Because the Sun is relatively
close to Earth, the Sun can be
eclipsed by the Moon.
(D) The Moon hides the Sun
because of the Moons
considerable size.

HCW 310 Ingls Cientfico Tecnolgico I y HIW 310 Ingls para Ingeniera I

Most people think of deserts as dry, flat areas with little vegetation and little or no rainfall, but
this is hardly true. Many deserts have varied geographical formations ranging from soft, rolling hills
to stark, jagged cliffs, and most deserts have a permanent source of water. Although deserts do not
Line receive a high amount of rainfallto be classified as a desert, an area must get less than twenty-five
(5) centimeters of rainfall per yearthere are many plants that thrive on only small amounts of water,
and deserts are often full of such plant life.
Desert plants have a variety of mechanisms for obtaining the water needed for survival. Some
plants, such as cactus, are able to store large amounts of water in their leaves or stems; after a rainfall
these plants absorb a large supply of water to last until the next rainfall. Other plants, such as the
(10) mesquite, have extraordinarily deep root systems that allow them to obtain water from far below
the deserts arid surface.

1.

What is the main topic of the

passage?
(A) Deserts are dry flat areas with
few plants.
(B) There is little rainfall in the
desert.
(C) Many kinds of vegetation can
survive with little water.
(D) Deserts are not really flat
areas with little plant life.

2.

The passage implies that

(A) the typical conception of a
desert is incorrect
(B) all deserts are dry, flat areas
(C) most people are well informed
about deserts
(D) the lack of rainfall in deserts
causes the lack of
vegetation

3.

The passage describes the

geography of deserts as
(A) flat
(B) sandy
(C) varied
(D) void of vegetation

4.

5.

6.

12

The word source in line 3 means

(A) supply
(B) storage space
(C) need
(D) lack
According to the passage, what
causes an area to be classified as
a desert?
(A) The type of plants
(B) The geographical formations
(C) The amount of precipitation
(D) The source of water
The word thrive in line 5 means
(A) suffer
(B) grow well
(C) minimally survive

(D) decay

7.

The word mechanisms in line 7

could most easily be replaced by
(A) machines
(B) pumps
(C) sources
(D) methods

8.

Which of the following is

mentioned in the passage about
cacti?
(A) They have deep root systems.
(B) They retain water from one
rainfall to the next.
(C) They survive in the desert
because they do not need
water.
(D) They get water from deep
below the surface of the
desert.

9.

Mesquite in line 10 is probably

(A) a type of tree
(B) a desert animal
(C) atypeofcactus
(D) a geographical formation in
the desert

10. The word arid in line 11 means

(A) deep
(B) dry
(C) sandy
(D) superficial
11. Where in the passage does the
author describe desert vegetation
that keeps water in its leaves?
(A) Lines 12
(B) Lines 36
(C) Lines 79
(D) Lines 911

Line
(5)

(10)

The hippopotamus is the third largest land animal, smaller only than the elephant and the
rhinoceros. Its name comes from two Greek words which mean river horse. The long name of this
animal is often shortened to the easier to handle term hippo.
The hippo has a natural affinity for the water. It does not float on top of the water; instead, it can
easily walk along the bottom of a body of water. The hippo commonly remains underwater for three
to five minutes and has been known to stay under for up to half an hour before coming up for air.
In spite of its name, the hippo has relatively little in common with the horse and instead has a
number of interesting similarities in common with the whale. When a hippo comes up after a stay at
the bottom of a lake or river, it releases air through a blowhole, just lilse a whale. In addition, the
hippo resembles the whale in that they both have thick layers of blubber for protection and they are
almost completely hairless.

1. The topic of this passage is

(A) the largest land animals
(B) the derivations of animal names
(C) the characteristics of the hippo
(D) the relation between the hippo and
the whale
2. It can be inferred from the passage that
the rhinoceros is
(A) smaller than the hippo
(B) equal in size to the elephant
(C) a hybrid of the hippo and the
elephant
(D) one of the two largest types of land
animals
3. The possessive Its in line 2 refers to
(A) hippopotamus
(B) elephant
(C) rhinoceros
(D) horse
4. It can be inferred from the passage that
the hippopotamus is commonly called a
hippo because the word hippo is
(A) simpler to pronounce
(B) scientifically more accurate
(C) the original name
(D) easier for the animal to recognize
5. The word float in line 4 is closest in
meaning to
(A) sink
(B) drift
(C) eat
(D) flap

6. According to the passage, what is the

maximum time that hippos have been
known to stay underwater?
(A) Three minutes
(B) Five minutes
(C) Thirty minutes
(D) Ninety minutes
7. The expression has relatively little in
common in line 7 could best be
replaced by
(A) has few interactions
(B) is not normally found
(C) has minimal experience
(E) shares few similarities
8. The passage states that one way in
which a hippo is similar to a whale is
that
A) they both live on the bottoms of
rivers
(B) they both have blowholes
(C) they are both named after horses
(D) they both breathe underwater
9. The word blubber in line 10 is closest
in meaning to
(A) fat
(B) metal
(C) water
(D) skin
10. The passage states that the hippo does
not
(A) like water
(B) resemble the whale
(C) have a protective coating
(E) have much hair

I Choose the best alternative to complete the spaces in the passage below.
Most chemicals (1)________ very complicated. They are made from different
atoms joined in different ways. But, how many atoms (2)_________? Fortunately
(3)___________ many types of atoms. Some chemicals (4)________ only one type of
atom. All the atoms in one element are the same. Different elements (5)____________
together to make compounds. Most of the things around us are compounds. These
compounds are usually made of some of the elements listed below. (6)____________
these elements?
Carbon (7)______ a black solid. It (8)______ many forms, from graphite to
diamond. Fossil fuels (9)_______ carbon. When these fuels (10)_______ carbon
dioxide is made.
Hydrogen (11)_______the most common element in the universe. It is also the
lightest. It (12)___________ taste, smell or color. It (13)_______very rapidly in
oxygen to produce water.
Copper (14)_______ a soft, orange-colored metal. It (15)________ heat and
electricity very well. People (16)_______ copper in electric wires and water pipes in
homes. It (17)_______ not very reactive and people often (18)_______ copper with
other metals to make useful alloys. Brass (19)_______ a mixture of 30% copper and
70% zinc.
Mercury (20)______ the only metal which is liquid at room temperature. It (21)
_______ at 39C. Mercury compounds (22) _______ often very poisonous. But,
dentists (23) _______ mercury to make amalgams ( a kind of alloy) for filling peoples
teeth.
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.-

a)
a)
a)
a)
a)
a)
a)
a)
a)
a)
a)
a)
a)

are
there are
do not have
are
react
Do you know
there is
there is
contain
burns
there is
there isnt
burns

b)
b)
b)
b)
b)
b)
b)
b)
b)
b)
b)
b)
b)

there are
have
are not
contain
are
Are you
has
has
has
has
has
doesnt have
has

c)
c)
c)
c)
c)
c)
c)
c)
c)
c)
c)
c)
c)

have
are there
there are not
there are
have
Do you have
is
is
contains
burn
is
isnt
burn

II Complete from number 14 to 23 with your own words.

Write the names of these famous scientists.

lived in England. He developed the theory of evolution by natural
selection. He wrote the book The Origin of Species. He died in 1882.
lived in Poland and France. She discovered polonium and radium. She
won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. She died in 1934.
lived in USA. He invented the electric bulb and the gramophone. He
died in 1931.
lived in Germany and USA. He developed the theory of relativity. He
won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. He died in 1955.
_________
_

lived in USA. He designed and built the Model T car. He sold 15

million of this model. He died in 1947.

WILL is usually used to make predictions. Match the sentences below

with one of these areas: Horoscope, political polls, weather forecast
and economic reports.
___________ Four centimeters of snow will fall in Punta Arenas tomorrow.
___________ Next week, youll finally have the opportunity youve been waiting for.
___________ Domestic gross product will increase at an annual rate of 2.8 % in the
last quarter of 2005.
___________ In a close race the Democratic Party will win two seats in the House of
Senators.

Complete the sentences with will + one of the verbs below.

apply disappear explain find grow rise
1. Some people believe scientists ____________ never ___________ a cure for AIDS.
2. New advances in gene research ____________ how some diseases develop.
3. I wonder how researchers _____________ the findings of Artificial Intelligence to
new areas.
4. If global warming continues, the sea level _______________ and some coastal
cities ______________.
5. With the help of genetic engineering, farmers _______________ perfect fruit and
vegetables.

Twenty years from now.

Complete the sentences with will or wont
Student :
Teacher :
Student :
Teacher :
Student :
Teacher :
Student :
Teacher :

Sir, _______ we use cars 20 years from now?

I think we _______ but they _______ use petrol. They _______ be
electric.
_______ we still have pollution?
I hope we _______ but I think we _______ .
And what _______ I be like?
You _______ be older.
But _______ I be different?
You _______ be taller.

Rewrite the sentences. Incorporate the time expressions between

brackets to replace the ones underlined and change the tenses.
1. The nuclear plant restored the balance when the energy program failed. (when the
new reator arrives next month)
2. Some scientists now agree on the theory. (when the new results came out last week)
3. The project will cost a lot of money by the year 2010. (when it started in the mid
80s)
4. Last week, he explained the importance of new sources of energy. (every class he
teaches)
5. The river freezes when the temperature drops below 0C. (next week according to
the TV)
6. The inflation rate will reduce next year. (when there is a balance between supply
and demand )