Rwanda

3. History of Rwanda/Conflict
- Prior to colonial era, Tutsis (15% of population) were high class
while Hutu were the lower peasant class.
- Germany took control of Rwanda through its colonial power.
- First world war Germany resigned from Rwanda and Belgian took over.
- As country was turned upside down and reshuffled, Tutsi fought to retain power while
Hutu tried to gain power.
- Hutu became jealous of Tutsi and struck back
- November 1959, hundreds of Tutsis dead and thousands fleeing.
- Hutu took over the country and Tutsis sought refuge in nearby countries.
- 1962 to 1967 Tutsi tried to fight back, but were beaten down.
- 1988 Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) formed, fighting for Tutsi control.
- They regained a foot in Rwanda.
- 6 April 1994 RPF attacked President of Rwanda. (hutu)
- Genocide started as a mass extermination of Tutsi. 1 million people killed, 200,000
women raped.
- mid-July 1994 Tutsi eventually regained power but after so many deaths.
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GDP Per Capita ($US) of Rwanda
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Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa (developing only)
5. Wealth
Population below poverty line: 7 million
Poverty Percentage: 63.2%
GDP per capita: 619.9 (2012)
The wealth of Rwanda has suffered greatly from the Rwanda conflict and has made a speedy
recovery, but it is still listed as a very unwealthy country. The average GDP per capita is
$619.9, which in reference to the graph below shows that this GDP is not very high. (The
World Bank, 2014). The population of Rwanda below the poverty line is 7 million people,
constituting to 60% of the total population. Rwandas economy and income heavily rely on
agriculture products, including but not limited to coffee, tea, bananas, beans, potatoes, and
livestock.
6. Social/Gender Equality
Many Sub-Saharan African countries have a history of
oppressing woman just because of old gender standards.
Rwanda is no exceptions. Woman at the moment are not
allowed to own land in their own country. However, after the
Rwandan genocide, 50% of women have become widows
(Rwanda Women Network, 2011). This means that 34% of
households in Rwanda now have women as the heads of the
family, since the husband has died. With woman not being
able to buy land, they began to suffer. With this being
recognized, laws and customs are being adjusted to allow
women to own land. This ha s sparked many other gender
equality issues which could lead to further progression of
womens rights (Rwanda Women Network, 2011).
Data received from The World Bank, 2014
Rwanda Genocide.
Image retrieved from Reunionblackfamily, 2012
Map of Rwanda.
Image retrieved from Liftuptheirhearts, n.d.
Children picking tea at a tea plantation.
Taken by Zandbergen A on 2011.
1. Basic Information
Population: 12 million
Population under 18: 6 million (50% of total population)
Ethnicity:
84% Hutu
15%Tutsi
1% Twa/Pygmy
Life Expectancy: 59-63 years
Literacy rate: 71%
Most densely populated country in Africa (370/km
2
)
(CIA World Factbook, n.d.)
- Located in Central Africa
- Land locked country
- Borders Burundi, Congo, Tanzania, and Uganda
- Area: 26,000km
2
- Natural resources
- Gold
- Tin
- Methane
- Coffee
- Tea
(Princeton, n.d.)
4. Recovery from Rwandan Conflict/Genocide
Since the Rwandan conflict, Rwanda has made strong efforts to rebuild its country and
raise itself from the poverty it was facing. Quoted from BBC News, Since 1994, the
Rwandan economy has registered an average of 8% economic growth a year. Considering
this statistics, Rwanda has doubled and almost tripled its economy. The Rwanda GDP per
capita in 2000 was $250, and is now reaching $620 per capita. However, Rwanda is still
considered a very poor country.
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