.

,
19 , , .
To 1927 .....&. ,
,
(B.P.G). 1971-1974
(' ' B.P.G), 50 t/h .
, ,
( B.P.G.). , ,
80, ,
, ,
( 1970-1990),
( ).
1987
,
-
. , : (PbS) (ZnS),
(FeS2)-
(FeAsS) . 86 % ,
(+ 44 m),

,
. , 14 %, (- 44
m),
( ).
1991 .....&., , (. 1892/1990)
, (
) , 1996, TVX Hellas,
,
,
. .
45129/14.1.1999 ... ().
,
,
. 3615/2002
,
.
... 130910/11.02.2003,
. ... , ,
... 143088/11.04.2005,
......
8-/ 7.49.13/16547/4496/07.09.2005 :
, ..
.
( )
3 ().
.4. .9,
( .4.),

2014

. ,
, (, ,
),

,
,
( .9).
.. 3.3 . 22138/12.12.2003 ,
. 3220/2004, ,
28.01.2006
.
27.01.2006 /
, . 8-/7.49.13/.6837/1477/27.03.2006 ,

, (9)
1, ,
:
.
,
, 2005
, ,
3 , . ,

,
,
, .
(B.P.G.)
,
, ,
, , ..

, ,
. , As
.
, , 0.72 % As 1.74 ppm Au,
47.5 % S, 1.54 % As 3.62
ppm Au.
, ,
. Pb, Zn Ag,
As, Mn, Sb Au.
(S: 23 - 28 %), , (PbS: 7 %)
(ZnS: 13 %), (FeS2: 31 47 %)
(FeAsS: 5 8 %).
, 100
34 45 % S 5 % As
62 %. ,
(
), Au (ppm):As (%), ,
1

, 6 1492/2013 [1] : .....

, /
27.3.2006 ......,
.
.

2014

1.5 2.5. ,

8 ppm.
, ,
,

,
. ,
.
,
,
[2].
,
.
, ,
,
(SO42-). , ,
.
(sulphate attack),
(CaSO42H2)
(3CaOAl233CaSO432H2) , ,
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10].

.
,
.

,
.
, 90 120
.
, ()
(
), ,
, ,
.

, : 70 %, 20 % 10%,
, (
). ,
.

/
, ( )
/
/ .

,
,
,
(),
,

2014

,
(510 %), ,
, ,
, , ,
, pH-Eh.
,
,

.
,
portland (OPC), ( ,
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.
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.
(paste backfill)
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, (

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,

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,

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) .
(),
.., . 1481/6.11.2009 ,

. , ,
, ,

. 100
54
.
, .4. .9, 8/7.49.13/16547/4496/07.09.2005,
.
IV
. ,
,
(
,
) 6 7
IV.
,
, 02: ( 6 7) 06:
( 6) : ,
(ABA test: ) (EN
.

2014

12457.02: CEN/TS 14405:

). (the tank test EA NEN
7375: 2004) , 2
06,
3, .


2003/33/ [11] ( ,
) ,

.
, ,

, ( 3 . 16 ... 39624/
2209/103/25.9.2009 [13]).
(ABA test) :
(NP/AP = 0.110.21 <1:1), (FeS2: 41
47 %, FeAsS: 57 %). , :



. Sb 02:
( 6), Zn 06:
( 6) 02:
( 7),

. , .
, , (
mg/kg) (EN 12457-02), 02
06 ,
07, , , ( 1).
1. EN 12457-02 02 06
07
mg/kg
Mo
Ni
Pb
Sb
Se

Zn

Hg

Cl-

F-

SO42-

<0,04

<0,00

<0,05

0,50

0,60

<0,03

1,02

<0,001

15

1,2

1380

0,334

0,078

<0,20

<0,05

<0,1

<0,04

<0,03

0,385

<0,001

40

0,80

3154

<0,02

<0,05

<0,04

<0,20

<0,05

<0,10

<0,10

<0,03

0,53

<0,001

37

1,6

1470

0,03

0,29

0,09

0,43

<0,05

0,23

<0,1

0,08

3,37

<0,001

47

4,4

4480

As

Ba

Cd

Cr

Cu

0,06

<0,10

<0,02

<0,05

0,085

0,176

<0,02

06

0,08

<0,10

07

1,995

<0,10

02
( 6)
02
( 7)

:
02 ( 6) ( ):
, : S: 27,84 %, As: 3,03, Py: 47 %, Apy: 7 %
, NP/AP = 0,20 <1
2

1, 2 3
2009(;), 2007 2006, +268, +252 +242, , 4 5
.
3

, , (4 5). ,
(
02) ( 06).

2014

4.3.5.2 6 ( IV)
02 ( 7) ( ):
, : S: 27,27 %, As: 2,43, Py: 41 %, Apy: 5 %
, NP/AP = 0,21 <1
3.3-8 7 ( IV)
06 ( , , ):
, : S: 32,16 %, As: 2,64, Py: 43 %, Apy: 6 %
, NP/AP = 0,11 <1
4.7.5.2 6 ( IV)
07 ( ):
, : S: 0,936 %, As: 0,43 %, Py: 3 %, Apy: 1 %
, NP/AP = 5,17 > 4
4.3.5.2 6 ( IV)

, ,
(NP/AP = 0.11 0.21 <1:1) ,
, As ,

(NP/AP = 5,17>3:1).
test CEN/TS 14405 .
, , , (EN 12457.02, CEN/TS
14405) , , ,
;
IV ,

,

. ,
: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Management
of Tailings and Waste-Rock in Mining Activities, January 20094 BREF, 502
(Figure Annex 4.1)
. ,
,
, ,
( test)
(NP/AP<1)
(1<NP/AP<4),
. (. 496
), humidity cells, columns lysimeters,
( 4 ),
,

[21], [22], [23].

,
.
(EN 12457.02 CEN/TS 14405),

.
4

21 3 2006/21/
(. xxi ).
.

2014

, (the tank test EA NEN 7375:

2004) ( 10 x 10 cm)
( 10 % ). 28
.
8
64 . pH ,
.
/, pH , test,
. (:
1 Vp/V /
/, test [12]
. , ,
1,
2. , 6
).
IV pH,

mg/L,
test [12] (
, ..).
, 6,
2. 7375 5
(6) SO42- (mg/L)
189
330
382
142
131

1
191
354
405
230
229

2,25
194
341
398
261
279

4
174
302
364
268
294

9
310
532
630
522
537

16
274
501
605
491
526

36
481
728
904
620
545

64
584
878
915
305
620

1,16

0,67

1,56

1,01

1,84

1,95

2,05

3,98

1
2
3
4
5

0,25

37
38

31
29

21
30

18
<10

<10
<10

<10
<10

<10
<10

<10
12

3. 7375 5
(6) As (mg/L)

1
2
3
4
5

0,092
0,007
<0,002
0,024
0,004

0,043

0,25

1
0,046
0,016
0,008
0,069
0,004
0,025

2,25
0,047
0,020
0,030
0,089
0,096
0,072

4
0,088
<0,002
0,053
0,087
0,024
<0,002

9
0,096
0,084
0,024
0,136
0,115

16
0,105
0,077
0,032
0,125
0,049

36
0,111
0,180
0,022
0,028
0,106

64
0,118
0,132
0,078
0,119
0,067

<0,002

<0,002

<0,002

0,085

0,008
0,006

0,006
0,007

0,011
0,009

0,015
0,010

0,014
0,007

0,015
0,008

0,034
0,015

0,018
0,016

(SO42-) ( 2) As ( 3) mg/L
5
.

2014

. , ,
( )
, ( II-20 II-21
4 IV).
( 10 % )
As
( 5 % ),
.
( FeS2: 31 47 %, FeAsS: 5 7
%),
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. , ,
1 8 (64 ) .
4 64
test, mg m2 (mg/m2), As.
(3) (4) test 7375 [12]
6
IV . ,
( 1 5)
( 5) [18],
, (3 As),
,
[19]. , 6 , As
,
.
4. 64
As SO42(EA NEN 7375:2004)

A
(cm2)

Vp
(cm3)

V/Vp

V
(lt)

M1
M2
M3
M4
M5

477,17
477,17
335,41
413,22
422,09

800,15
800,15
452,35
645,07
665,95

3,7493
3,7493
3,3160
3,8755
3,7540

3,0
3,0
1,5
2,5
2,5

As
ppb mg/m2
703 44,20
518 32,57
249 11,14
677 40,96
465 27,54

M6

471,00

785,00

3,8217

3,0

233

14,84

SO42ppm
mg/m2
2397 150.701
3966 249.345
4603 205.850
2839 171.759
3161 187.221
14,22

906

: .
Vp: .
V: ( ).

5. 64

(EA NEN 7375:2004)

As
SO42-

(mg/m2)

(mg/m2)

1,3
10.000

20
20.000

(mg/m2)

50
250.000

, , ,
[20] .
.

2014

..
test EA NEN
7375:2004.
, :
() ( ) (test
CEN/TS 14405 EN 12457.02) 2003/33/,
,
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() , test
EA NEN 7375,
1 8 (64 ) test.
test
7375 6 IV,
As.
,

.
, , ,
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,
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;
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01 03 04* ( 3
. 3 39624/2209/103/25.9.2009 [13], 3 .2
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5

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10

, BREF,
,

, .
, 5 2009/360/

2006/21/, , :
,

. ,
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.
13 ... 39624/2209/103/25.9.2009 [13],
2006/21/, ,

, : ,

. ( 5 . 2.iii, 6 . 11, 11
. .1.1..2) ...
,
,
.

,
, 10 % ,
. ,
,
, test,
As, , ,

test. , , ,
( , < 1 cm 3 cm
< 1 cm [4], [24])
,
. ,
,
, ,
,
.

,
. ,

,

( + ) paste
backfill, . , ,
.
& ....., . .
8-/.7.49.13/22343/3949/2.12.2010 [14]
( )
.

2014

11

..,
(), :
()

( .1.2),
()
( .1.3)
()
.
( .1.4).
, , (
) , . . 201745/26.07.2011
,
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, , , ,
.
(+44 m) ,
(-44 m)
. ,
.4. .9
/ .
.
. 8//.7.49.13/.11977/873/31.05.2012 ,
, .3 [15],
: ...,
(, ,......),
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....... , 87/.7.49.13/23513/4582/21.12.2012 [16],
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[1], : .......
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.

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12

,, 8-/.7.49.13/30258/10.2.2012
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4582/21.12.2012 [16], ,
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, (1492/2013)

.
20 : .......
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,


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,
.... ( 7
). ,


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,
6.
,

. , ,

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6

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.
, BREF
2009/360/.
.

2014

13

,
,

.

, test,
1 8 (64 ) test.
, ,
,
. ,
90 120
, ,
,
. . ,
:

.
, ,
,
/
,
,

.
.

2014

14

[1]

1492/2013 :
.

[2]

. . .
, 2009.

[3]

Cementitious Backfill with High Sulfur Content Physical, Chemical, and Mineralogical
Haracterization. Mostafa Benzaazoua et al. Cement and Concrete Research 29 (1999)
719725

[4]

Paste Backfill Geochemistry Environmental Effects of Leaching. Report prepared for:

Mine Environment Drainage (MEND), April 2006.

[5]

Development of a Quantitative Accelerated Sulphate Attack Test for Mine Backfill.

Shah Shnorhokian, A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the
requirements of the degree of Doctorate of PhilosophyDepartment of Mining and
Materials Engineering McGill University, Montreal. Shah Shnorhokian, 2009.

[6]

Evaluation of Paste Backfill Mixtures Consisting of Sulphide-Rich Mill Tailings and

Varying Cement Contents. Ayhan Kesimal, Erol Yilmaz, Bayram Ercikdi. Cement and
Concrete Research 34 (2004) 18171822.

[7]

Systematic Selection and Application of Backfill in Underground Mines. Manoon

Masniyom, DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor-Ingenieur
(Dr.-Ing.) vorgelegt, 17.04.2009.

[8]

Synergistic and Environmental Benefits of Using Cement Kiln Dust with Slag and Fly
Ash in Cemented Paste Tailings. Amjad Tariq, A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The School of Graduate and Post
Doctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario, Amjad Tariq 2012

[9]

Literature Review on Potential Geochemical and Geotechnical Effects of Adopting Paste

Technology under Cold Climate Conditions. Lena Alakangas, Deniz Dagli, Sven
Knutsson. Lule University of Technology, 2013-08-13.

[10]

A review of Binders Used in Cemented Paste Tailings for Underground and Surface
Disposal Practices. Amjad Tariq, Ernest K. Yanful. Journal of Environmental
Management, Journal of Environmental Management 131 (2013) 138e149.

[11]

2003/33/.
16
1999/31/

[12]

EA EEN 7375: 2004. Leaching Characteristics of Moulded or Monolithic Building and

Waste Materials. The Tank Test.

[13]

... 39624/2209/103/25.9.2009: ,
,
2006/21/ 15 2006
2004/35/
15 2006.

[14]

8-/.7.49.13/22343/3949/2.12.2010:
: () , ....

[15]

48 (21/11/2011).

2014

15

[16]

8-7/.7.49.13/23513/4582/21.12.2012:
-

.....
. , .. .

[17]

8-/.7.49.13/30258/10.2.2012:


..... . , .. .

[18]

Explanatory Memorandum to the Landfill (England and Wales) Regulations 2005 No.
1640.

[19]

Development of Criteria for Acceptance of Monolithic Waste at Landfills. Nordic Council

of Ministers.

[20]

. . , . -, .
, . .

[21]

Testing a Standard Test Method for Laboratory Weathering on Sulphide Containing Mine
Tailings. Carla Ardau1, David W. Blowes and Carol J. Ptacek. IMWA Symposium 2007:
Water in Mining Environments, R. Cidu & F. Frau (Eds), 27th - 31st May 2007, Cagliari,
Italy.

[22]

Acid Rock Drainage and Metal Leaching from Mine Waste Material (tailings) of a Pb-ZnAg Skarn Deposit: Environmental Assessment Through Static and Kinetic Laboratory
Tests. Blanca Adriana et al. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geolgicas, v. 24, nm. 2,
2007, p. 161-169.

[23]

Pyrite Oxidation Rates from Hummidity Cell Testing of Greenstone Rock. Kim A.
Lapakko, David A. Antonson. Paper was presented at the 2006, 7th ICARD, March 26-30,
2006, St. Louis MO. Published by ASMR, 3134 Montavesta Rd., Lexington, KY 40502.

[24]

Cemented Tailngs Backfill Its Better Now Prove it! P. Moran, L. Christoffersen, J.
Gillow and M. Hay. SME Annual Meeting Feb. 24 - 27, 2013, Denver, CO 1 Copyright
2013 by SME Preprint 13-121.

2014