OBJECTIVE -Valve refacing and valve seat grinding and checking of leakage of valves

Do not remove more th n !.!"! mm

Che#$ %or &ent 'tem D( meter

V )ve % #e n*)e !./0 1(n(m+m Th(' )(ne 'ho+), &e - r ))e) .(th v )ve he ,

THEORY Each cylinder has two valves, an intake and exhaust valve. Some high-performance engines have four valves per cylindertwo intake and two exhaust valves. Usually, the intake valve is larger than the exhaust valve. he reason is that when the intake valve is opened, the only force moving air-fuel mixture into the
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cylinder is atmospheric pressure. !hen the exhaust valve is opened, the piston is moving up, and there is a high pressure driving the exhaust gases out. herefore, the intake port must "e larger to allow enough air-fuel mixture to enter. Various types of valves have "een used in the past. #ut the valve in general use today is mushroom, or poppet, valve. !hen the valve is closed, it is held on the valve seat "y the valve spring.

PROCEDURE VALVE REFACING: $f the valves are good enough to reuse, is to reface them. his re%uires a valve-refacing machine. he valve refacer has a grinding wheel, a coolant delivery system, and a chuck, which holds the valve for grinding. Set the chuck to grind the valve face at the specified angle. his angle must &ust match the valve seat angle, or make an interference angle of ' to ( degree. hen put the valve $nto the chuck and tighten the chuck. he valve should "e placed in the chuck so that the part, of the stem that runs in the valve guide is gripped "y the chuck. o start the operation, align the coolant feed so that it sprays coolant on the rotating valve face. hen start the machine. )ove the lever to carry the valve face across the grinding wheel. he first cut should "e a light one. $f this cut removes metal from only one-half or one-third of the face, the valve may not "e centered in the chuck. *r the valve stem is "ent, and the valve should "e discarded. +uts after the first should remove only enough metal to true the surface and remove pits. ,o not take heavy cuts. $f so much metal must "e removed that the margin is lost, discard the valve. -oss of the margin causes the valve to run hot. hen it will soon fail. .ollow the operating instructions of the valve-refacer manufacturer. ,ress the grinding wheel as necessary with the diamond-tipped dressing tool. /s the tool is moved across the rotating face of the grinding wheel, the diamond cleans and aligns the grinding face. VALVE SEAT GRINDING:- .or effective valve seating and sealing, the valve face must "e concentric with the valve stem. /lso, the valve guide must "e concentric with the valve face. $n addition, the valve face angle must match the valve seat angle 0or have an interference angle1. herefore, as a first step in valve seat service, the valve guides must "e cleaned and serviced. 0Using a dial indicating valve guide gauge to check for wear .
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)ovement of the pro"e in and out of the guide will cause the needle to move if the guide is irregularly worn.1 he valve seats are of two types, the integral type and the insert type. 2eplacing seat inserts and grinding seats are descri"ed "elow.

1. Replaci ! "al"e #ea$ i #e%$#: - / valve -seat insert may "e "adly worn. *r it may have "een refinished previously so that there is insufficient metal. !ith either condition, the seat must "e replaced the old seat must "e removed with a special puller. $f the puller is not availa"le, the insert is punch marked on two opposite sides. /n electric drill is then used to drill holes almost through the insert. hen, a chisel and hammer can "e used to "reak the insert into two halves so it can "e removed. +are must "e taken so that the counter "ore isn3t damaged. $f the new insert fits too loosely, the counter "ore must "e re-"ored over si4e. hen an over si4e insert installed. $t may "e necessary to chill the seat and heat the head "efore the seat is driven into place. /fter installation, the valve seat should "e ground &. G%i 'i ! "al"e #ea$#: -

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he valve seat grinder rotates a grinding stone of proper shape on the valve seat. / pilot installed in the valve guide keeps the stone concentric with the valve seat. his means that the valve guide must "e cleaned and serviced "efore the seat is ground. $n the seat grinder the stone is automatically lifted a"out once a revolution. his permits the stone to clear it self of grit and dust "y centrifugal force. /fter the seat is ground, it may too wide. 5arrow the seat "y using upper and lower grinding stones to grind away the upper and lower edges of the seat. $f the seat is too high, grinding with the (67 stone may lower it. / steel scale can "e used to measure
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seat width. !hen a new valve is installed, it may sit too high a"ove the seat. hen grind the seat slightly with a stone of the same seat angle. his will lower the valve further into the seat, and raised the seat contact on the valve face. )any shops are now using a hand operated car"ide cutter. his device takes the place of motor driven stones in refinishing the valve seats.

C(ec)i ! *+ lea)a!e *+ "al"e#:(. +heck valve guides for wear. +lean, replace or and ream for same si4e valve stem if necessary. *r ream for a larger diameter valve stem. +heck valves and valve seats. +lean valve heads and stems on a wire wheel. 2efinish valve seats, and reface valves as necessary. +heck valve seating. 2efinishing valve-stem ends if necessary. +heck rocker arms for wear. Service or replace as necessary. 2eplace valves and springs in head. +heck and ad&ust valve clearance as necessary.

8. 9.

:. 6. ;.

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