SULIT 1

NO. KAD PENGENALAN

NO. MAKTAB

4551/2
Biologi
Kertas 2
September
2009
2 ½ Jam

MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN
SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2009

BIOLOGY
Paper 2
Tow hours and thirty minutes

4
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU
5
5
1
2 1. Tulis nombor kad pengenalan dan Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa
nombor maktab anda pada ruangan Kod Pemeriksa :
yang disediakan.
2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam Bahagian Soalan Markah Markah
dwibahasa. Penuh Diperoleh
3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris 1 12
mendahului soalan yang sepadan 2 12
dalam bahasa Melayu.
A 3 12
4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab
keseluruhan atau sebahagian soalan 4 12
sama ada dalam bahasa Inggeris 5 12
atau bahasa Melayu. 6 20
5. Calon dikehendaki membaca
7 20
maklumat di halaman belakang
kertas soalan ini. B 8 20
9 20
Jumlah

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 31 halaman bercetak dan 1 halaman tidak bercetak

4551/2 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA SULIT
SULIT 2

Section A
Bahagian A
[60 marks]
[60 markah]

Answer all questions in this section

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini

1. Diagram 1.1 shows the arrangement of bones of one appendicular skeleton.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan tulang-tulang pada suatu rangka apendaj.

Move upwards
Bergerak ke atas Triceps muscle
Otot triseps

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

(a) On Diagram 1.1, complete and label the drawing to show the muscle and
tendon that enable the forearm to move in the direction shown.
Pada Rajah 1.1, lengkapkan lukisan untuk menunjukkan otot dan tendon yang
membolehkan anggota hadapan bergerak ke arah yang ditunjukkan.

[ 2 marks ]
[ 2 markah ]
(b) Name the structure:
Namakan struktur:

S: ...........................................................................................................................

T: ...........................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks ]
[ 2 markah ]

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SULIT 3

(c) Explain why muscle contraction needs more blood supply.

Terangkan mengapa pengecutan otot memerlukan lebih banyak bekalan darah.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks ]
[ 2 markah ]
(d) Diagram 1.2 shows locomotion in a grasshopper.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan pergerakan seekor belalang.

Extensor
Ekstensor

Flexor
Fleksor

Diagram 1.2 / Rajah 1.2

(i) Based on Diagram 1.2, explain the action of the leg muscle during
jumping.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, terangkan tindakan otot kaki semasa
melompat.
...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]

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SULIT 4

Situation
Situasi
The hind leg muscle of a grasshopper is injured.
Otot kaki belakang seekor belalang telah tercedera.

(ii) Based on Diagram 1.2 and the information above, explain how this
affects the jumping movement.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2 dan maklumat yang diberikan, terangkan
bagaimana ia mempengaruhi lompatan belalang tersebut.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]

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SULIT 5

2. Diagram 2.1 shows the structure of the plasma membrane that is involved in the
movement of substances.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma yang terlibat dalam pergerakan
bahan-bahan.
Calcium ion
Ion kalsium Glucose
Outside
Glukosa
the cell
Di luar
M
sel

Inside ATP
the cell
Di dalam
sel

Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

(a) Based on Diagram 2.1, label structure :

Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, label struktur :

L : ........................................................

M : .......................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b) State one property of:
Nyatakan satu sifat pada:

(i) The plasma membrane in Diagram 2.1.

Membran plasma dalam Rajah 2.1.

...................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) The molecules that can pass through structure L by simple diffusion
based on Diagram 2.1.
Molekul yang boleh merentasi struktur L secara resapan ringkas
berdasarkan Rajah 2.1.

...................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

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SULIT 6

(c) Based on Diagram 2.1, explain how glucose and calcium ions are transported
across the plasma membrane into the cell.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, terangkan bagaimana glukosa dan ion kalsium
diangkut merentasi membran plasma ke dalam sel.

(i) Glucose
Glukosa

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii) Calcium ions
Ion kalsium

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

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SULIT 7

(d) Refering to the movement of substances across the plasma membrane:

Merujuk kepada pergerakan bahan-bahan merentasi membran plasma:

Tap water
Air paip After being immersed for
2 hours
Chilly is cut Selepas direndam selama
halfway 2 jam
longitudinally
Bahagian cili Final observation
yang dipotong
Initial observation Pemerhatian akhir
memanjang
Pemerhatian awal

Diagram 2.2 / Rajah 2.2

(i) Explain the observation based on Diagram 2.2.

Terangkan pemerhatian berdasarkan Rajah 2.2.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) Based on Diagram 2.3, explain why salted fish can be stored for 3
months.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.3, terangkan mengapa ikan masin boleh disimpan
selama 3 bulan.

Concentrated salt After being immersed

solution for 2 weeks
Larutan garam Selepas direndam
pekat selama 2 minggu Salted fish
Ikan masin

Diagram 2.3 / Rajah 2.3

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

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SULIT 8

3. Diagram 3.1 shows the amount of energy released during two types of respiration
P and R.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan jumlah tenaga yang dibebaskan semasa dua jenis respirasi,
P dan R.

Amount of energy
released (kJ)
Jumlah tenaga yang
dibebaskan (kJ)

2898

150

Types of respiration
P R Jenis respirasi

Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1

(a) State the type of respiration in:

Nyatakan jenis respirasi dalam:

P :………………………………………………………………………………………

R :……………………………………………………………………………………...
[ 2 marks ]
[ 2 markah ]

(b) Based on Diagram 3.1, explain why the amount of energy released during R is
very much greater than during P.
Berdasarkan Diagram 3.1, terangkan mengapa jumlah tenaga yang dibebaskan
semasa R lebih tinggi daripada semasa P.

……………………………………….…………………………….…………………..

……………………………………….………………………………….……………..

………………………………………………………………………………………...
[ 2 marks ]
[ 2 markah ]

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SULIT 9

(c) Diagram 3.2 shows the respiratory structure of organism X and Y.

Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan struktur respirasi organisma X dan Y.

Organism X Organism Y
Organisma X Organisma Y

Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2

(i) State one adaptation of the respiratory structure of organism X and Y.

Nyatakan satu adaptasi yang terdapat pada struktur respirasi
organisma X dan Y.

X : ………………………………………………………………………

Y : ………………………………………………………………………

[ 2 marks ]
[ 2 markah ]

(ii) Based on Diagram 3.2, explain the adaptation of the respiratory

structure for organisms X and Y.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3.2, terangkan adaptasi pada struktur respirasi
bagi organisma X dan Y.

X : ...........................................................................................................

………………………………………………………………………

Y : …………………………………………………………………….…

.………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks ]
[ 2 markah ]

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SULIT 10

(d) Diagram 3.3 shows an alveolus and blood capillaries.

Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan alveolus dan kapilari darah

Carbon monoxide
Karbon monoksida Alveolus
Alveolus

Blood capillary
Kapilari darah

Diagram 3.3
Rajah 3.3
Explain what happens if carbon monoxide gas diffuses into the blood
capillaries.
Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku jika gas karbon monoksida meresap
ke dalam kapilari darah.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks ]
[ 2 markah ]

(e) Yeast is mixed with flour and sugar in bread making. After 30 minutes at
room temperature, the dough rises.
Semasa pembuatan roti, yis diadun dengan tepung dan gula. Doh itu
mengembang selepas dibiarkan selama 30 minit pada suhu bilik.

Explain the function of yeast in bread making.

Terangkan fungsi yis dalam proses pembuatan roti.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 2 marks ]
[ 2 markah ]

4551/2 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA SULIT
SULIT 11

4. Diagram 4.1 shows a part of the circulatory system and the lymphatic system in the
human.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sistem peredaran darah dan sistem limfa dalam manusia.

Blood capillary
Kapilari darah

Fluid Y
Bendalir Y

Vessel Z
Salur Z

Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1

(a) (i) Name the structure labelled X.

Namakan struktur berlabel X.

...................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 markah ]
(ii) State the function of X.
Nyatakan fungsi X.

...................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 markah ]

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SULIT 12

(b) Explain how fluid Y is formed.

Terangkan bagaimana bendalir Y terbentuk.

...............................................................................................................................

…...........................................................................................................................

…………………………………………………………………………………...
[ 2 marks ]
[ 2 markah ]

(c) If structure X is infected by the parasitic worm, Filaria sp., explain the effect
to the tissues that are surrounded by the blood capillaries.
Jika struktur X telah dijangkiti oleh cacing parasit Filaria sp., terangkan
apakah kesannya ke atas tisu yang dikelilingi oleh kapilari darah.

...............................................................................................................................

…...........................................................................................................................

…………………………………………………………………………………...
[ 2 marks ]
[ 2 markah ]

(d) (i) Name the blood vessel that receives fluid from vessel Z.
Namakan salur darah yang menerima bendalir dari salur Z.

.........................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 markah ]

(ii) Explain how the fluid in vessel Z is able to reach the blood vessels in (d)(i).
Terangkan bagaimana bendalir di dalam salur Z boleh sampai ke salur
darah di (d)(i).

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]

4551/2 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA SULIT
SULIT 13

(e) A boy had a cut on his leg and was infected by bacteria. Explain why the
lymph nodes in his groin region became swollen.
Seorang budak lelaki telah luka pada bahagian kaki dan mendapat jangkitan
bakteria. Terangkan mengapa nodus limfa di pangkal peha beliau menjadi
bengkak.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks ]
[ 2 markah ]

4551/2 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA SULIT
SULIT 14

5. Diagram 5.1 shows two varieties of papaya, Malaysian papaya and Hawaiian papaya.
In both varieties, the dominant trait is homozygous. The cross breed between both
varieties produces a new variety, the Exotica.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan dua varieti betik, betik Malaysia dan betik Hawaii. Dalam
kedua-dua varieti, trait dominan ialah homozigot. Kacukan silang antara kedua-dua
varieti menghasilkan varieti baru betik.

Mesocarp
Mesokarp Mesocarp
Seeds Mesokarp
Biji X Seeds
Biji
Malaysian papaya Hawaiian papaya
Betik Malaysia Betik Hawaii

Key:
Kekunci:

R – Dominant allele for thick

mesocarp
Alel dominan untuk
mesokarp tebal
T – Dominant allele for less
seeds
Exotica papaya Alel dominan untuk
Betik Exotica bilangan biji yang sedikit

Diagram 5.1 / Rajah 5.1

(a) State one characteristic of papaya shown in Diagram 5.1.
Nyatakan satu ciri buah betik yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.1.
………………………………..……………………..…………………………
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 markah ]
(b) Based on Diagram 5.1, explain how the new variety, Exotica is produced.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1, terangkan bagaimana varieti baru, Exotica
dihasilkan.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………
[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]

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SULIT 15

(c) A papaya farmer wants to produce a large number of Exotica papaya in the
shortest time possible. State the best technique to be used by the farmer. What
is the genetic advantage of using this technique?
Seorang peladang betik ingin menghasilkan betik Exotica dalam kuantiti yang
banyak dalam masa yang singkat. Nyatakan teknik yang terbaik yang boleh
digunakan oleh peladang tersebut. Apakah kelebihan menggunakan teknik ini
dari segi genetik?
...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks ]
[ 2 markah ]
(d) Diagram 5.2 shows two homologous chromosomes M and N in Exotica papaya.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan dua kromosom homolog M dan N dalam betik Exotica.

R r

T t

Chromosome M Chromosome N
Kromosom M Kromosom N

Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2
(i) Draw the gametes of the parent in Malaysian papaya and Hawaiian papaya to
produce the Exotica papaya.
Lukiskan gamet induk daripada betik Malaysia dan betik Hawaii yang akan
menghasilkan betik Exotica.

Malaysian papaya Hawaiian papaya

Betik Malaysia Betik Hawaii
[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]

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SULIT 16

(ii) Draw a schematic diagram to show how thick mesocarp and less seeds is
produced in Exotica papaya.
Lukiskan rajah skema untuk menunjukkan bagaimana mesokarp yang tebal
dan kurang biji dihasilkan dalam betik Exotica.

[ 3 marks ]
[ 3 markah ]

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SULIT 17

Section B
Bahagian B
[20 marks
20 markah]

Answer any two questions.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan.

6. Diagram 6.1 shows the longitudinal section of a root and Diagram 6.2 shows one stage
from the process of cell division in the root.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan keratan memanjang akar dan Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu
peringkat daripada proses pembahagian sel yang berlaku di akar.

Zone R
Zon R

Zone Q
Zon Q

Zone P
Zon P
Root cap
Jidal akar
Diagram 6.1 Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.1 Rajah 6.2

(a) Describe the stage of cell division in Diagram 6.2.

Huraikan peringkat pembahagian sel di dalam Rajah 6.2.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]

(b) Based on Diagram 6.1, explain the growth process of the root in Zone P, Q
and R.
Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, terangkan proses pertumbuhan akar di Zon P, Q
dan R.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]

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SULIT 18

(c) Diagram 6.3 shows the stages in Mitosis and Diagram 6.4 shows the stages in
Meiosis I, both in plants.
Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat Mitosis dan Rajah 6.4
menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat Meiosis I, kedua-duanya dalam tumbuhan.

Diagram 6.3
Rajah 6.3

Diagram 6.4
Rajah 6.4

Describe four similarities and six differences between Diagram 6.3 and
Diagram 6.4.
Huraikan empat persamaan dan enam perbezaan antara Rajah 6.3 dan Rajah 6.4.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

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SULIT 19

7. (a) Diagram 7.1 shows a cross section of an ovary.

Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas ovari.

Primary follicle
Folikel primer

Diagram 6.3
Rajah 6.3

Structure X
Struktur X

Diagram 7.1
Rajah 7.1

Explain the formation of structure X.

Terangkan pembentukan struktur X.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]

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SULIT 20

(b) Diagram 7.2 shows a longitudinal section of the reproductive parts of a flower
during fertilisation and the fruit produced after two weeks.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan keratan memanjang bahagian pembiakan bunga
semasa persenyawaan dan buah yang terbentuk selepas dua minggu.

Pollen grain
Debunga

Seed
Biji benih

After two weeks

Ovary Selepas dua minggu
Ovari

Diagram 7.2
Rajah 7.2

Based on Diagram 7.2 describe the formation of multiple seeds in an ovary.

Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2 huraikan pembentukan biji benih yang banyak dalam
suatu ovari.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]

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SULIT 21

(c) Diagram 7.3 shows the process involved in the development of the embryo sac.
Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan proses yang terlibat dalam pembentukan pundi
embrio.

Diploid megaspore
Megaspora diploid

Mitosis
Mitosis

Embryo sac
Pundi embrio

Diagram 7.3
Rajah 7.3

Based on Diagram 7.3, describe the process shown.

Berdasarkan Rajah 7.3, huraikan proses yang ditunjukkan.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

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SULIT 22

8. (a) Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 show children taking in unbalanced daily meals.
Rajah 8.1 and Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan kanak-kanak sedang mengambil
makanan yang tidak seimbang.

Ice cream
Fried chicken
Ais krim
Ayam goreng

Diagram 8.1 Diagram 8.2

Rajah 8.1 Rajah 8.2

Discuss the effects of the excessive intake of the foods shown over a long
period of time.
Bincangkan kesan pengambilan makanan seperti yang ditunjukkan untuk
jangkamasa yang lama.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

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SULIT 23

(b) Table 8.1 shows the suitable nutrient intake for a normal female, a pregnant
woman and a female athlete.
Jadual 8.1 menunjukkan nutrisi yang sesuai untuk seorang wanita biasa,
wanita mengandung dan ahli sukan wanita.

Nutrient Normal female Pregnant woman Female athlete

Nutrien Wanita biasa Wanita mengandung Ahli sukan wanita

Carbohydrates (cal)
2200 3000 3500
Karbohidrat (cal)
Protein (g)
50 90 74
Protein (g)
Vitamin D (mg)
5 12.5 8.3
Vitamin D (mg)
Vitamin E (mg)
10 15 10
Vitamin E (mg)
Vitamin C (mg)
60 60 100
Vitamin C (mg)
Vitamin B (mg)
2 2.1 5
Vitamin B (mg)
Calcium (mg)
800 1000 1200
Kalsium (mg)
Zinc (mg)
15 15 25
Zink (mg)
Table 8
Jadual 8

Based on your biological knowledge and Table 8, explain the importance of the
main nutrien
Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi dan Jadual 8, terangkan kepentingan nutrient
utama untuk:

(i) Pregnant woman

Wanita mengandung
(ii) Athlete
Ahli sukan
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

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SULIT 24

9. Diagram 9 shows various human activities.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan pelbagai aktiviti manusia.

Glass building
Factory Bangunan berkaca
Kilang
Bangunan

Logging activities
Vehicle Aktiviti pembalakan
Kenderaan

Diagram 9
Rajah 9

(a) Glass buildings may be the cause of a certain type of pollution.

Based on Diagram 9, describe how other human activities contribute to the
same type of pollution.
Bangunan berkaca boleh menyebabkan satu jenis pencemaran.
Berdasarkan Rajah 9, huraikan bagaimana aktiviti-aktiviti manusia boleh
menyumbang kepada jenis pencemaran yang sama.

[10 marks]
[10 markah]

(b) Explain the effects of global warming to the environment. If you are an officer
in the Ministry Of Environment, suggest ways to reduce this problem.
Terangkan kesan pemanasan global kepada alam sekitar. Jika anda adalah
seorang pegawai di dalam Kementerian Alam Sekitar, cadangkan kaedah
untuk mengurangkan masalah ini.

[10 marks]
[10 markah]

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SULIT 25

SPACE FOR ANSWERS For

examiner’s
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SPACE FOR ANSWERS For

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SULIT 27

SPACE FOR ANSWERS For

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use
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4551/2 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA SULIT
SULIT 28

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4551/2 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA SULIT
SULIT 29

SPACE FOR ANSWERS For

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4551/2 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA SULIT
SULIT 30

SPACE FOR ANSWERS For

examiner’s
use
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4551/2 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA SULIT