Lingua Inglese 1 a.a.

2005-2006

Handout 2 TEXT VS NON-TEXT Non-text: random sequences of linguistic units such as sentences, an! tem oral and"or s atial extension #$: 2%& aragra hs, or sections in

TEXT: 'n extended structure of s!ntactic units #$& ' communicati(e occurrence #d)-*& The larger units in terms of +hich utterances #i,e, sequences of sentences& should -e constructed ./0tterances should -e constructed in terms of a larger unit, (i1 that of TEXT,/2 The term is used /to denote the a-stract theoretical construct underl!ing +hat is usuall! called a *3S4O05SE6 #(* %& H-H: /The +ord TEXT is used in linguistics to refer to an! assage, s o7en or +ritten, of +hate(er length, that does form a unified +hole, #8& .926 /The conce t of TEXT05E is entirel! a ro riate to ex ress the ro ert! of :-eing a text:, ' text has texture and this is +hat distinguishes it from something that is not a text/ #2& ;or $erlich the standards to -e met for a sequence of linguistic units to qualif! as a text are coherence and completion #$ 2%-2<& ;or *e )eaugrande -*ressler the standards to -e met are se(en and the! ser(e as constituti(e rinci les of textual communication, the most im ortant of them -eing cohesion and coherence, 3t is to -e noted that the t+o elements of this conce tual distinction ta7en together corres ond -roadl! to $erlich:s coherence, 'lso (* #=%& defines onl! coherence: he sees it as /a semantic ro ert! of discourses, -ased on the inter retation of each indi(idual sentence relati(e to the inter retation of other sentences/, cohesion and coherence #cf, d)-* and H-H&: cohesion /concerns the +a! in +hich the com onents of the surface text, i,e, the actual +ords +e hear or see, are mutually connected within a sequence #authors: italics& #d)-* %& coherence /concerns the +a! in +hich the com onents of the textual +orld, i,e, the configuration of conce ts and relations +hich underlie the surface text, are mutually accessible and relevant,/ #d)-* >& cohesion ? connecti(it! of the surface coherence ? connecti(it! of underl!ing content 3nside the sentence, grammatical de endencies #d)-* <@& 3n the text, according to H-H cohesion is reali1ed through the follo+ing: reference, su-stitution, elli sis, conAunction, lexical cohesion, the other fi(e standards of textualit!: intentionalit! acce ta-ilit! informati(it! situationalit! intertextualit!, $ adds completion: /com letion is created in linguistic communication +hene(er the encoder introduces signals +hich indicate -oth the -eginning and the end of one or more of the sequences that ha(e esta-lished coherence, 4om letion in linguistic communication can -e indicated -oth -! linguistic and referential suggestions of initiation and termination in a text #2>&,

Lingua Inglese 1 a.a. 2005-2006

Bibliographical references: $erlich E, #8=B=&, A Text Grammar of English, Heidel-erg, Cuelle D Ee!er: 8B-2F, *e )eaugrande 5,',, *ressler $,0, #8=G8&, An ntroduction to Text !inguistics , Hondon D Ne+ Ior7, Hongman: 8-8% #una sintesi dis oni-ile allJindiri11o: htt :""+++,-eaugrande,-i1land,com"introductionKtoKtextKlinguistics,htm&, Van *iA7 T,', #8=BB&, Text and "ontext# Explorations in the $emantics and %ragmatics of &iscourse, Hondon D Ne+ Ior7, Hongman: 8-8<L =%-82=, Hallida! E,',M,, Hasan 5, #8=BF&, "ohesion in English, Hondon D Ne+ Ior7, Hongman: 8-%@,