There is over 71,000 women and girls living with TS across the United States

Turner Syndrome is a chromosomal condition that affects development in females. TS occurs when one of the two X chromosomes is missing or incomplete.

Turner syndrome is related to the X chromosome, which is one of the two sex chromosomes. People typically have two sex chromosomes in each cell: females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. Results when one normal X chromosome is present in a female's cells and the other sex chromosome is missing or structurally altered.
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/whataregd/turner

Females (Baby-Adults)
Lucy at 30

Lucy at 8

* Most cases cannot be inherited

At birth or around the time they might be expected to go through puberty Karyotype- blood test performed on cells in the amniotic fluid before birth and on cells in the blood after birth

Short stature- average 4 8

Webbed neck Low hairline at the back of the neck Drooping eyelids Differently shaped ears that are set lower on the sides of the head than usual Abnormal bone development Larger and more discolored moles Edema or extra fluid in the hands and feet

Heart defects Hypertension Hearing loss Mild malformation of outer ear and low set ears Speech problems Dental abnormalities Obesity Lymphedema (webbed neck, edema) Nonverbal, visual-spatial processing learning disabilities Gonadal dysgenesis- sexual development

Normal intelligence Developmental delays Nonverbal learning disabilities Some behavioral problems Write well Memorizing information Language skills

Marissa, 12, was diagnosed with Turner Syndrome at birth . She has had multiple health issues but doesnt let her health conditions define her life.

There is no cure, BUT.. Scientists have developed a number of treatments Growth Therapy Estrogen Replacement- inducing puberty development, started when a girl is about 12 or 13 In Vitro Fertilization- helps TS women to get pregnant

1 in 2,500 newborn girls worldwide More common among pregnancies that do not survive to termmiscarriages and stillbirths Affects 60,000 females in the United States

Regina before and immediately after her operation for neck-webbing.

 Males cannot get Not inherited They

TS

still develop normal, just slower Learn almost the same as other kids

American Physician 1938- first described the collection of his findings 1959- cause of Turner syndrome (having only a single X chromosome) was identified

These areas are most common in youth

This women is 45 years of age, she was diagnosed with TS when she was 4. In the 1980s researchers were unable to find a hormone to help growth.

Also known as Gonadal Dygenesis 800 new cases diagnosed each year The average height of an untreated woman is 4 feet 8 inches. A female fetus (normally XX) can survive with only one X chromosome, but a male fetus (normally XY) could not survive with only one Y chromosome. The Y chromosome carries very few genes essential for life

http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/turner-syndrome Dec . 3, 2013 http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/genetic/turner.html 2013 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/whataregd/turner 2013 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/turner-syndrome/DS01017 2013 http://www.genome.gov/19519119 Sep 24, 2013 http://www.turnersyndromefoundation.org/research.htm 2013 http://www.marfan.org/ 2012 http://www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/turners.htm 2013 http://umm.edu/Health/Medical/Ency/Articles/Turner-syndrome 2011 http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/turner-syndrome 2013 http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/genetics/turner.h tml 2013