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M&AE 3272: Mechanical Property and Performance Laboratory
M&AE 3272: Mechanical Property and Performance Laboratory
27 January 2014
Structure
Processing Operations change a materials internal structure (the materials state evolves)
Properties
Processing
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Inelastic Properties:
Yield Strength, ys Tensile Strength, TS or ult Shear Strength, F Fracture Strength, crit
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Other Properties:
Ductility Toughness Hardness Flexural Modulus; Strength Buckling Strength
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Properties of Metals:
Atomic Scale: Bonding Metallic Microstructure
Defects and Imperfections Crystal grains; Lamella
Concerns:
Fracture Fatigue Corrosion Oxidation
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Measurement Challenge:
Youre given a new super-material, just announced by HRL Laboratories which is claimed to be the lightest material in the world! Ultralight Metallic Micro-lattices.
18-Nov-2011
Density: <10 mg/cm3 Periodic array of connected, hollow Nickel microtubes Octahedral unit cell Large strain (50%) deformations Completely reversible
How would you propose to determine the Youngs Modulus for the Micro-lattice?
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Measurement Challenge:
To determine the Youngs Modulus for a specimen of the new Ultralight Metallic Micro-lattice material, your best suggestion would be:
1. Make a beam specimen, bend it and measure the deflection. 2. Shake it and measure the modal frequencies. 3. Pull on a chunk of it and measure its stretch. 4. Push on a chunk of it and measure its contraction. 5. Send a sound wave through it and measure the travel time.
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1050 Steel SAE-AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) Numbering System XXXX The first two digits indicate the grades of the steel. The last two digits give the nominal carbon content in 0.01%. 1050 Plain carbon steel; Non-sulfurized, Mn less than 1%; 0.50% Carbon Heated to the Austenizing temperature (723-deg C) and slowly cooled; Oil quenched at 845-deg C and tempered at 540-deg C.
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6061 Aluminum IADS International Alloy Designation System The first digit indicate the major alloy; 6=Mg and Si Second digit gives the impurities and mill data The next two digits are alloy registration numbers. This is followed by an index denoting the heat treatment: 0 Annealed; Hx Strain Hardened; Txx Thermal treatment (higher number, stronger treatment.) O - Heated to recrystallization temperature; cooled to soaking temperature (413-deg C; 3 hrs) then slowly cool (28-deg/hr) to 260-deg C T6 Solution heat-treated, quenched and furnace aged (Heated to 529-deg C; quenched; aged at 160-deg C for 18 hrs)
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5. Apparatus 3. Terminology
6. Specimens
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software
Remove specimen from grips; Return ram to initial position Download mechanical test data to thumb drive; Upload to LabArchives Convert data: = P/A (P Load; A Cross-section Area of Specimen) Determine Youngs Modulus, Yield Stress; Ultimate Tensile Strength;
Elongation at Fracture; Reduction of Area; Watch Units!
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L f Lo x 100 Lo
Lo
Ao
Af
Lf
Callister 6e.
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Lo
Ao
Af
Lf
t = Thickness w = Width
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Hardness Measurements:
Hardness Testing Methods: Provide a quick and easy determination of a number related to the flow stress of a material. Rockwell Hardness Test Rockwell Superficial Hardness Test Brinnel Hardness Test Vickers Hardness Test Microhardness Test Mohs Hardness Test Scleroscope; other hardness testing methods
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After inserting the indenter, set the minor load to R. Set the load selector to the total test load (e.g. 100 or 150 kgf.) Press D/B to select test scale Press AUTO Place sample on anvil Press Reset to read 0.0 Turn elevating handle until SET lights up If you overshoot the SET position, you will have to unload and repeat the test! Press START Record Hardness value prior to releasing load. Release load Repeat 10 times on each material NOTE: Stay away from edges, and indents not too close to each other!
ASTM E18-03:
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Ultrasonic Measurements:
Implementation. and Signal: Set-up in B30 Upson:
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Actual Observed:
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3vL 4vS vL
2 2 vS
{1 2(vS/vL) }
2
2 {1 (vS/vL) }
vS vL
v = 2h/t
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LabArchives Window
Enter the mass and estimated error; enter diameter and error. Compute the Volume and Density and Shear Modulus: Watch Units!
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% RA = 1 A f /A 0
= (L f L 0 ) /L 0
Incompressibility:
A 0L 0 = A f L f
% RA = f f +1
Now available as a LabArchives Widget !
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1. What was (were) the measurement problem(s) you solved? 2. What procedures did you follow to solve the problem? 3. What were your principal results? 4. What is the significance or impact of your results?
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Read the Handout for Module 1 Measurements. Peruse the ASTM Standards and read the relevant
paragraphs.
Lab Sections #401, #402, #403, #404, #409, #411 and #413
meet this week. Go to B30 Upson. Please be on-time!
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