NOTES

Equipment set back lines are used to establish plant spacing. They should clearly defined on all plot plans. The plot limit lines, which delineate the near edge of adjacent roads are not used to establish plant spacing.

Process unit equipment set backline (Lo hazard <34 bar) Process unit equipment set backline (Hi hazard >34 bar)

1. For the spacing between the near edge of a road to a high- or lowhazard plants ( the road bordering a main pipeway (piperack) and highor low-hazard plants) may be reduced to 1.5 metres. All roads closer than 8 metres to high- or low- hazard plants are considered restricted roads.

Product storage tanks

Floating roof/crude oil storage tanks Remote impounding basin

2. Need to provide a 6 metres minimum vertical space between overhead air coolers and the top of pumps handling flammable or combustible liquids.

3. For spacing of flares, the minimum distance from flares is determined by calculations for tolerable radiant heat at the point closest to the flame where frequent occupancy by personnel is required. However, the minimum distance to equipment of handling flammable fluids should not be less than 61 metres (except equipment directly related to the system and normally located near base of the stack). 4. For plot limit valves, they should be accessible from grade or from a raised platform. Platform should be accessible by stairway and not located over pipeway (piperack) drainage channel. 5. In fire water distribution, primary fire water pumps and their spares should be 61 metres from process equipment when spaced together. Individual pumps 61 metres apart may be within 30 metres of the process units.

9. Spacing of office building for process personnel is based on the potential explosions that can shatter glass, wood and other construction materials susceptible to explosion and fire damage. Single offices for field supervisors can be located in shops or control buildings. 10. Tank pumps should be outside tankfield (tankfarm) dikes and impounding basin. Pumps for tanks without dikes should be a minimum of 15 metres horizontally from the tank. 11. For pumps operating above 316 degree C should be separately considered - refer to Fire Code or relevant Documents. 12. High flash product tanks may be closer to facilities and equipment. Crude oil stored in cone roof tanks require special consideration. Refer to NFPA 30 for Tank Manual. 13. For the consideration of spacing from property lines that can be built on: - Residential commercial = as given. - Industrial zoned properties = 1/2 distance given. 14. For spacing of control building, refer to other Building Control Code or relevant documents. 15. For incineration-type vapour recovery units, the spacing requirement should meet the furnace spacing requirement.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

23 30 30 61 61 30 15 8 23 46 23 15 15 8 30 30 91 61 30 30 15 61 ACC 15 8 ACC 61 15 91 30 15 23 91 91 46 30 15 15 1

30 30 61 61 30 15 8 30 61 23 15 15 8 46 30 91 61 30 30 23 61 ACC 15 8 ACC 61 15 91 30 15 30 91 91 46 30 15 15 2

Process cooling towers

Tank field dikes

SS SS 15 2 61 8 30 30 30 15 23 SS 30 61 61 30 30 8 MS 8 15 15 46 8 3 30 15 15 30 30 LPG 23 61 61 30 30 91 61 30 15 15 3

SS 15 2 61 8 30 30 30 15 23 30 61 61 30 30 8 MS 8 15 15 46 8 3 30 15 15 30 30 LPG 23 61 61 30 30 91 61 30 15 15 4

Main electrical substation Utility boilers & power generators Plant instrument air compressor & dryer

Main piperack

SS 15 8 15 8 8 8 61 30 15 15 ACC 61 30 15 8 61 30 15 8 3 15 8 15 30 15 15 8 15 8 5 3 15 3 61 15 15 61 30 30 8 15 61 30 61 15 15 61 61 23 8 ACC 30 15 30 8 30 61 15 30 8 30 8 8 23 2 MS 30 MS MS 15 2 15 2 15 15 ACC 15 8 ACC 15 8 ACC 15 30 30 30 8 23 8 8 15 8 15 3 3 15 3 15 30 30 15 8 15 15 15 8 15 15 15 23 8 15 30 30 23 8 15 30 30 23 8 15 15 3 23 8 15 30 15 15 8 15 61 30 61 15 30 61 61 15 8 15 30 8 23 8 15 30 8 23 8 15 91 91 91 30 91 61 30 61 15 15 61 8 8 30 30 30 8 8 15 15 30 5 8 3 3 15 8 15 5 6 7 8 9

Oily water separator

6. For main pipeways (piperack), triple spacing for pipe trenched.

Process control room

Unrestricted plant roads Property lines of others can be built on Chemical Warehouses Office buildings for process personnel Primary fire water pumps Tank truck loading bays

7. For wharves and piers, distance from hydrocarbon pumps, manifolds, loading arms to process control rooms is greater. 8. Tank trucks traffic to tank truck loading bays should not interfere with process plant traffic.

ACC 8 15 15 8 61 30 61 ACC 30 30 MS 15 ACC 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 15 30 61 15 15 91 61 46 15 8 15 10

ACC 15 15 8 61 15 30 ACC 30 30 8 MS 8 ACC 15 15 15 3 15 15 23 23 23 23 15 30 30 15 15 91 30 15 8 15 15 11

30 BC 8 3 30 BC BC 8 30 BC 8 23 15 3 8 30 8 8 15 8 8 ACC ACC MS MS 30 8 15 8 15 ACC ACC 15 15 8 15 30 8 15 15 8 3 15 8 15 15 8 15 8 15 15 8 15 15 8 15 15 8 15 15 15 15 30 30 15 15 15 30 91 152 30 BC 8 15 15 30 15 15 30 15 15 3 12 13 14

FC 3 30 30 ACC MS 61 8 46 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 LPG BC FC BC BC 91 BC BC BC BC 15 15

BC 61 30 30 30 ACC MS 30 ACC 15 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 61 15 BC 91 61 8 8 8 30 16

Power & instrument cables / Pole lines

Wharves & piers

16. For vehicle motor control centre, refer to electrical area classification API document.

BC 15 30 30 ACC 91 61 ACC 46 61 30 30 61 61 61 61 61 61 BC FC BC BC 152 BC BC BC 8 30 17

ACC 15 30 ACC MS 30 ACC 23 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 61 30 30 30 15 91 15 8 15 15 15 18

ACC 30 15 MS 30 15 15 30 30 8 30 15 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 91 61 30 30 15 19

15 MS 30 15 15 30 15 ACC 30 ACC 30 30 30 30 61 30 61 30 30 91 61 30 15 15 8 20

Flareline knock-out drums Motor vehicle control centers Plot limit manifolds (piperack)

Process flares

MS 8 8 15 15 15 8 8 15 15 15 15 21

MS 30 ACC MS 15 ACC MS 8 15 8 MS 15 15 15 MS 15 15 15 MS 8 15 15 MS 8 15 8 MS 8 15 8 MS 8 15 8 MS 8 15 15 MS 8 15 23 MS LPG 15 15 MS 15 30 91 61 46 91 61 30 MS 15 8 15 MS 8 15 91 91 91 91 91 61 ACC 46 MS 15 8 15 MS 15 3 15 MS 8 3 15 MS 15 15 8 22 23 24 25

Gas compressors

Process pumps

Furnaces

Air-fan coolers

Process heat exchangers

Process drums

5 12 12 12 8 8 8 8 61 26

Process columns (Towers)

3 8 2 3 3 ACC ACC ACC ACC ACC 3 3 ACC ACC 2 3 3 ACC ACC ACC 3 3 3 ACC ACC ACC ACC 3 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

LPG spheres & drums

Process reactors

Auxiliary - building, shops, etc

Non-chemical/petroleum warehouses

Fire house/brigade

Vehicle parking lots

LPG 34

15 30 152 61 15 35

Construction site/area and material Fire fighting training area Company residence area

15 30 91 30 30 15 36

8 91 30 15 37

Entrance of the Main Plant

Motor highways

30 15 38

30 30 30 30 30 39

152 30 30 91 40

15 15 91 41

15 42

30 30 43

30 44

45

Legend

SS = Refer to Singapore Standard on tank separation & spacing. MS = Minimum spacing of 61 metres or other consideration (see Note 5). - = Meaning not relevant or not related directly.

ACC = Minimum access for personnel & maintenance are 0.8 metres & 1.2 metres respectively. BC = Refer to Singapore Building Code & relevant documents.

LPG = Refer to API Standards for LPG spacing to property line & NFPA 58. FC = Fire Code & relevant documents.

Table 3.1: Separation and Spacing Table (distance in metre)

Vapour recovery units

Other entrances

11