AMERICAN PAGEANT

Chapter 3 Settling the Northern Colonies

1619-1700

MARTIN LUTHER & ENGLISH REFORMATION

JOHN CALVIN
Calvinism--dominant
theology for N.E. Puritans &

other settlers
Doctrine of Predestination: The elect had

already been determined

Conversion & Visible

Saints

PURITANS & SEPARATISTS

Puritans
Purify Church of England of all Catholic influence

Separatists
Completely wanted to break free from Church of England

JAMES I
1603-1625
Scotsman Harassed Separatists because they threatened his leadership of the Church of England

PLYMOUTH BAY

MAYFLOWER COMPACT

MAP OF THE 13 COLONIES

PLYMOUTH
Military leaderMyles
Standish

Winter 1620-21 44 of 102

survived Helped by Squanto & Chief Massasoit Epidemic killed of

tribe before Pilgrims arrived

WILLIAM BRADFORD
Chosen governor 30
times in annual elections

Wrote Plymouth
Plantation

PLYMOUTH PLANTATION -SURVIVAL

Economics
Fur, Fish, Lumber Beaver

Bible

FIRST THANKSGIVING
Autumn, 1621
Celebrated with Wampanoag Indians

CHARLES I
Moderate Puritans
some support in

Parliament
Charles I-- Parliament

dismissed 1629
Sanctioned Puritan

persecution by archbishop

MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY

1629--Puritans (nonSeparatists) formed Massachusetts Bay Company

Used charter as constitution

163011 vessels, well

equipped
Part of Great Migration

GREAT MIGRATION 1630 -1642

JOHN WINTHROP & CITY UPON A HILL

SUCCESS OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY

Fur trade, fishing, shipbuilding Largest/influential of all New England Colonies Protestant Ethicserious commitment to work including worldly pursuits

SUCCESS OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY

Vote
FreemenPuritan congregation adult males or Visible Saints 2/5 of all males votemore than in England All property owners could discuss issues as town meetings

General Courtrepresentative assembly, but only freemen participate

JOHN COTTON & THE POWER OF CLERGY

ANNE HUTCHINSON
Bright, outspoken Antinomianism
Extreme Predestination doctrine Truly saved need not abide Gods or mans laws

Trial 1638
Out-reasoned inquisitors Downfall--Belief in direct revelation from God BanishedRhode Island

Died in NY from Indian attack

ROGER WILLIAMS
Extreme separatist,
popular Salem minister Radical Ideas:
Compensate Indians fairly for land Complete separation of church and state

1635 Banished
Local Indians helped him survive

Founded Rhode Island

RHODE ISLAND
1636 Complete religious freedom Separation of church & state
No taxes to support church No compulsory attendance or oaths

Universal manhood suffrage (property requirement came later) Liberal, individualistic, Sewer

THOMAS HOOKER
Connecticut River
Hartford settlement Established by Dutch &English

Hooker led large

group of Boston
puritans to Hartford

FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT

1639 ground breaking A modern constitution Established democratic government

CONNECTICUT COLONY
New Haven
1638 Close linkChurch & state Disfavor with Charles II

1662Charter united
Connecticut river

settlements with New Haven

MAINE & NEW HAMPSHIRE

Maine
1623--Sir Fernando Gorges unsuccessful colonization 1677--absorbed by Massachusetts

New Hampshire
Fishing & trading community 1641 Absorbed by Massachusetts 1679 Made separate royal colony

PEQUOT WAR
1637--Tension Connecticut River Valley Militiamen & Narragansett allies Wigwams burned, survivors shot Pequotnearly all destroyed

KING PHILIPS WAR

16751676King Philip (or Metacom)Massasoits son
Coordinated assaults on villages 52 Puritan towns attacked, 12 completely destroyed Slowed westward movement; tribes dispirited & reduced

CHARLES II & THE RESTORATION

1643 New England Confederation
Puritan club 1st step to colonial unity

1660--Charles II restored to crown

Englands focus back on colonies Found royal orders not followed Land grant to Conn. & new charter to Rhode Island 1684Bay Colony Charter revoked Ends New England Confederation

DOMINION OF NEW ENGLAND & SIR EDMUND ANDROS

1686Dominion imposed by London
Enforce English Navigation Laws Sir Edmund AndrosGovernor
Militaristic &Stopped town meetings

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION: WILLIAM & MARY

Bloodless Revolution
James II deposed & replaced with William & Mary

Ended Dominion of New England

Boston MobAndros tries to escape in a dress

1691 Massachusetts royal colony Salutary Neglect

THE DUTCH AND NEW NETHERLAND

Dutch East India Company Henry Hudson--1609 New Netherland--1623

Land claimed by New Netherlands when at its greatest extent.

NEW AMSTERDAM AND NEW YORK

New AmsterdamManhattan Island
Company town Patroonships Cosmopolitan population

New York--1664
Charles II--Granted to Duke of York Took from Dutch bloodlessly Aristocratic & autocratic colony Lasting Dutch influence

PETER STUYVESANT VS. NEW SWEDEN

PENNSYLVANIA & QUAKERS

William PennQuaker
Granted land by king to pay debt to Penns deceased father--1681 Colony named after father

Best advertized colony

Bought land from Indians

PENNSYLVANIA & QUAKERS

Quaker tolerance Representative assembly No tax supported state church, freedom of worship (Jews & Catholics could not vote or hold office) Ethnic diversity Shrewd business people In 19 yearssurpassed population of all colonies except MA

NEW JERSEY
Small Quaker settlement

1664Duke of York granted land

to two noblemen New Englanders flocked o new soil West & East New Jersey sold to Quakers 1702Crown unified and made it a royal colony

DELAWARE
Only 3 counties

Named after Lord De La Warr

Some Quakersassociated with Pennsylvania Own assembly--1703 Controlled by PN until after Amer. Revolution

CONTRASTING COLONIES
Middle Colonies
Fertile soil, bread colonies Riversbackcountry not mills Industry Harbors Middle size farmers (except NY) Ethnically mixed Religiously toleration & democratic

Southmore aristocracy & less urban development NorthUrban development, Town meetings.