Adam Cherlin Exam ID: 1848 May 13, 2011 Crim. Pro.

Du e Criminal Procedure Final Exam

1! "he #hain o$ e%en&' &ha& lead &o Carl Clan#y ()CC*! and Earl +mi&h,' ()E+*! arre'&' mu'& -e examined in i&' &o&ali&y &o de&ermine i$ &he DEA o%er'&e..ed i&' -ound', and &he e%iden#e #olle#&ed mu'& -e ex#luded. "he .er&inen& lin ' in &he #hain are a' $ollo/': Do0 +ni$$, +ound Am.li$ier, 1or#ed En&ry in&o Danny Dreamer,' ()DD*! home, Arre'& o$ CC and E+, +ear#h o$ &he Premi'e'. 2one o$ &he e%en&' in 3ue'&ion a..ear &o ha%e o##urred /i&h a /arran&. 4e /ill #on'ider ea#h lin in &he #hain in &urn and #on'ider i$ a& any .oin& &he e%iden#e or arre'&' -e#ome in%alid. Che# er', ini&ial rea#&ion &o DD,' hou'e #ould 'eemin0ly %iola&e &he .ro&e#&ion' o$ &he 4&h Amendmen&, a' hi' de&e#&ion o$ illi#i& 'u-'&an#e' in DD,' hou'e o##urred /i&hou& .ro-a-le #au'e or /arran&. 5o/e%er, &he #our& ha' ex.re''ly e'&a-li'hed in 6+ %. Pla#e, &ha& &here i' no 4&h Amendmen& .ro&e#&ion $or ille0al a#&i%i&ie'. 7e#au'e Che# er',' de&e#&ion #an only re'ul& in a .o'i&i%e or ne0a&i%e rela&ed &o ille0al 'u-'&an#e', and no $ur&her in$orma&ion i' 0ained &hrou0h hi' 'ni$$in0, &here #an -e no .ri%a#y in&ere'& %iola&ed. A' 'u#h, &here i' no %iola&ion in &he u'e o$ &he 'ni$$ e%iden#e. "he nex& '&e. i' &he u'e o$ an ele#&roni# 'ound am.li$ier &o ea%e'dro. on &he 0oin0' on in DD,' hou'e. +eemin0ly, i$ &he DEA a..lied $or a /arran& on &he -a'i' o$ Che# er', e%iden#e, i& /ould -e 0ran&ed, a' &here /ould -e .ro-a-le #au'e. I& doe' no& ma&&er &ha& &he a0en& #ondu#&in0 &hi' 'ur%eillan#e doe' no& ha%e $ir'& hand no/led0e o$ &he 'ni$$in0, -e#au'e &here i' #on'idered #olle#&i%e no/led0e /i&hin la/ en$or#emen& $or &he'e .ur.o'e'. 7e#au'e &he DEA did no& a..ly

Adam Cherlin Exam ID: 1848 May 13, 2011 Crim. Pro. Du e $or a /arran&, &he 3ue'&ion no/ i' /he&her &here i' 4&h Amendmen& .ro&e#&ion a0ain'& ea%e'dro..in0 a#&i%i&e'. I$ 'o, &hen &hi' 'ear#h /a' in %iola&ion, and &here$ore all 'u-'e3uen& e%iden#e and arre'&' /ould -e ex#luded $ollo/in0 4ee ' %. 6+. In #on'iderin0 &he a..li#a&ion o$ &he 4&h Amendmen& &o &hi' in'&an#e, &/o 3ue'&ion' mu'& -e an'/ered. 1ir'&, i' ea%e'dro..in0 in &hi' manner #on'idered a )'ear#h.* +e#ond, i' &here an ex.e#&a&ion o$ .ri%a#y. "he an'/er &o &he $ir'& 3ue'&ion i' #learly ye', i& i' a 'ear#h. "he Cour& e'&a-li'hed une3ui%o#ally in 8a&9, &ha& /ired &a..in0, and o&her non:.hy'i#al in&ru'ion' in&o .ri%a&e '.a#e' are #on'idered a 'ear#h. E%en &hou0h &hi' i' &he #a'e, &he a#&ion '&ill may no& -e .ro&e#&ed -y &he 4&h Amendmen& i$ &here i' no .ri%a#y in&ere'& %iola&ed. "he an'/er &o &hi' 3ue'&ion i' 'ome/ha& more #om.li#a&ed. In 6+ %. "al-orda &he 2nd Cir#ui& held &ha& &he u'e o$ a &ele'#o.e &o 'ee a#&i%a&e' no& %i'i-le &o &he na ed eye doe' %iola&e ex.e#&a&ion' o$ .ri%a#y. 6nder &hi' #our&' rulin0 our ea%e'dro..in0 /ould -e ex#luded. 5o/e%er, in Do/ Chemi#al Co. %. 6+ &he u'e o$ aerial 'ur%eillan#e /i&h &he a''i'&an#e o$ a '&a&e:o$:&he:ar& #amera /a' no& deemed an in%a'ion o$ .ri%a#y -y &he +u.reme Cour&. A' 'u#h, &here i' li&&le &o di'&in0ui'h &he enhan#emen& o$ %i'ual 'en'e' $rom &ha& o$ audio 'en'e', 'o i& i' .o''i-le &ha& &he ea%e'dro..in0 /ould -e allo/ed. 2one&hele'' i& i' .o''i-le &ha& &he in'&an& #a'e #an -e di'&in0ui'hed on &he 0round' &ha& ea%e'dro..in0 .ene&ra&e' &he /all' o$ DD,' hou'e, /herea' &he Do/ Chemi#al #a'e in%ol%ed %ie/ o-;e#&' .la#ed ou&door'. 2o/ /e /ill #on'ider /he&her &he arre'& o$ CC and E+ /a' le0al. "he Cour& ha' e'&a-li'hed in 4a&'on &ha& arre'&' do no& re3uire a /arran&, -u& only .ro-a-le #au'e, /hen &he o##ur in .u-li#. Con%er'ely, in Pay&on i& /a' held &ha& arre'& in an indi%idual,' hou'e re3uire' a /arran&. A''umin0 &he 'ni$$ and ea%e'dro..in0 'ear#he' /ere le0al, &he DEA had .ro-a-ly #au'e &o ma e an arre'&, 'o &he 3ue'&ion &hen &urn' on /he&her CC and E+ had Pay&on .ro&e#&ion', e%en

Adam Cherlin Exam ID: 1848 May 13, 2011 Crim. Pro. Du e &hou0h &he hou'e -elon0ed &o DD. "he Cour& e'&a-li'hed in +&ea0ald &ha& a /arran& /a' re3uired /hen a de$endan& /a' li%in0 in a 3rd .ar&y,' hou'e. 5o/e%er, &hi' rulin0 /ould no& -e a..li#a-le here -e#au'e in Minni'oda %. Car&er i& /a' e'&a-li'hed in a 'imilar $a#& .a&&ern &o our o/n, &ha& &em.orarily u'in0 ano&her indi%idual,' domi#ile $or -u'ine'' did no& 0ran& Pay&on &y.e .ro&e#&ion', and &here$ore a /arran& /a' no& re3uire &o ma e arre'&. A' 'u#h, CC and E+,' arre'& /a' %alid i$ &he .re%iou' e%iden#e /a' no& &ain&ed and #on'&i&u&ed .ro-a-le #au'e. "he $inal a#& in 3ue'&ion i' &he DEA,' 'ear#h o$ &he hou'e $ollo/in0 arre'&. 6nli e arre'&', 'ear#he' do re3uire a /arran& ex#e.& in &he #a'e o$ Exi0en& #ir#um'&an#e'. 5ere a0ain, &here i& i' di$$i#ul& &o de&ermine /he&her 'u#h #ir#um'&an#e' exi'&ed. In 4el'h %. 4i'#on'in, i& /a' e'&a-li'hed &ha& al&hou0h &he )5o& Pur'ui&* /arran&le'' 'ear#h ex#e.&ion #an exi'&' -e#au'e o$ $ear o$ de'&ru#&ion o$ e%iden#e, &hi' re3uire' no/led0e o$ &he a##u'ed, o&her/i'e &here i' no ;u'&i$ia-le $ear o$ de'&ru#&ion. 7e#au'e CC and E+ did no& no/ &hey /ere -ein0 'ur%eilled, &here #ould no& ha%e -een any 'u#h $ear. +imilarly, -e#au'e &he 'ear#h /a' #ondu#&ed a$&er -o&h /ere already de&ained, /ha& $ear o$ de'&ru#&ion o$ e%iden#e #ould ha%e exi'&ed< In 6+ %. +an&ana i& /a' held &ha& 'ear#he' /ere allo/ed i$ &he .oli#e heard $oo&'&e.' or o&her indi#a&ion' o$ addi&ional indi%idual,' .re'en#e. Al&hou0h &he DEA a0en& 'aid he /a' loo in0 $or o&her .er'on', &here /a' no rea'on $or him &o &hin &here /ere addi&ional indi%idual' .re'en&, and &here$ore 6+ %. +an&ana /ould no& a..ly. A' 'u#h, &he -ale o$ mari;uana $ound on &he .remi'e' /ould -e ex#luded. 5o/e%er, i& #an -e ar0ued &ha& $ollo/in0 &he arre'& &he DEA #ould ha%e a..lied $or a le0al 'ear#h /arran&, and &hu' &he mari;uana #ould -e admi&&ed a& &rial due &o ine%i&a-le di'#o%ery do#&rine, $ollo/in0 2ix %. 4illiam'. 2!

Adam Cherlin Exam ID: 1848 May 13, 2011 Crim. Pro. Du e Da%id ha' 3 .o''i-le #a&e0orie' o$ de$en'e mo&ion' &ha& may -e .lau'i-le re0ardin0 hi' im.rom.&u in&erro0a&ion /i&h &he 17I and I=+ a0en&' in &he hall: >iola&ion o$ hi' ?&h Amendmen& ri0h& &o #ou'el under Ed/ard'@ /a' no& /arned o$ hi' ri0h&' under Miranda %. Ari9ona@ and an o-;e#&ion &o &he ;oinder o$ hi' &ax e%a'ion and lyin0 &o 0o%ernmen& a0en&' #oun&'. A! "he Cour& e'&a-li'hed in Ma''iah &ha& a de$endan&' ?&h Amendmen& ri0h& &o #oun'el a&&a#he' /hen $ormal .ro#eedin0' ha%e #ommen#ed. 7e#au'e Da%id /a' already arrai0ned on hi' &ax e%a'ion #oun&', &hi' ri0h& ha' a&&a#hed in our #a'e. +eemin0ly &he $ederal a0en&' %iola&ed hi' ri0h& &o #oun'el -y 3ue'&ionin0 him in &he hall/ay. "he $a#& &ha& &he e%en& /a' .re'en&ed a' a )#on%er'a&ion* doe' no& ma&&er. 6nder 7ey %. Mor&on, all &ha& i' re3uired &o %iola&e an indi%idual,' ?&h Amendmen& ri0h&' i' &he deli-era&e eli#i&a&ion o$ in#ul.a&ory '&a&emen&' -y &he a##u'ed, unli e one,' A&h Amendmen& ri0h&', /hi#h re3uire' #u'&odial in&erro0a&ion. 7e#au'e &he a0en&' in our #a'e had Cra9y 5or'e 5arry ()C55*! re&ained a' an in$orman& a0ain'& Da%id, &here i' li&&le 3ue'&ion &ha& &heir 3ue'&ionin0 o$ Da%id /a' de'i0ned &o deli-era&ely illi#i& in#rimina&in0 '&a&emen&', /hi#h o##ured in &he $orm o$ Da%id,' denial o$ $amiliari&y /i&h C55. "he $ederal a0en&' #ould ar0ue &ha& -e#au'e Da%id #ho'e &o &al /i&h &hem, and &here /a' no #oer#i%e '&a&emen&' or en%ironmen&, &ha& hi' de#i'ion &o &al /i&h &hem 'hould -e #on'idered an im.li#i& /ai%er o$ hi' ri0h& &o #oun'el. 5o/e%er, 7re/er %. 4illiam' ha' e'&a-li'hed &ha& '.ea in0 &o a la/ en$or#men& a0en& i' no& &o -e #on'&rued a' an im.li#a&ed /ai%er o$ ri0h& &o #oun'el on#e i& ha' a&&a#hed. In &ha& #a'e a 'u'.e#& /a' indu#ed &o #on$e'' &o a .oli#e o$$i#er /hile in &ran'.or&, a$&er #har0e' /ere -rou0h& a0ain'& him, and hi' ri0h& &o #oun'el had a&&a#hed. In &ha& #a'e, &he #our& $ound &ha& &he a##u'ed,' ri0h&' /ere %iola&ed -y &he o$$i#er,' indu#emen&

Adam Cherlin Exam ID: 1848 May 13, 2011 Crim. Pro. Du e &o #on$e'', e%en&hou0h &here /a' no #oer'ion, and &he a##u'ed %olun&arily '.o e /i&h &he o$$i#er. +eemin0ly, &he $a#& .a&&ern in our #a'e i' no di$$eren&. De'.i&e &he a..aren& 'u##e'' o$ 'u#h a #laim, i& i' #lear &ha& Da%id,' mo&ion re0ardin0 &he %iola&ion o$ hi' ri0h& &o #oun'el /ould $ail -e#au'e &ha& ri0h& a&&a#he' &o '.e#i$i# #har0e'. E%en &hou0h hi' ri0h& &o #oun'el had a&&a#hed re0ardin0 hi' &ax e%a'ion #har0e', i& did no& in re0ard' &o hi' lyin0 &o $ederal a0en&'. 5o/e%er i& i' .o''i-le &o ar0ue, &ha& i$ &he ;oinder o$ hi' lyin0 &o $ederal a0en&' &o hi' &ax e%a'ion #har0e' i' #orre#&, &hen &hey may $all under &he 'ame ru-ri#, and Da%id,' ?&h Amendmen& ri0h&' /ere %iola&ed, al&hou0h &hi' /ould -e a re%olu&ionary ar0umen& &o ma e. 7! Da%id #ould ar0ue &ha& &he $ederal a0en&', 3ue'&ion %iola&ed hi' ri0h&' under Miranda %. Ari9ona, /hi#h re3uire &he /arnin0 o$ hi' ri0h&' -e$ore 3ue'&ionin0. 5o/e%er, &hi' #laim /ould li ely $ail. In order $or Miranda ri0h&' &o a&&a#h, an indi%idual mu'& under0o #u'&odial in&erro0a&ion. "he #a'e la/ i' #lear &ha& &he mere 3ue'&ionin0, or .re'en#e o$ .oli#e doe' no& #on'&i&ue #u'&ody. +ee 7e# /or&h %. 6+, /here &he 3ue'&ionin0 o$ de$endan& -y I=+ a0en&' in hi' home did no& #on'&i&u&e #u'&odial in&erro0a&ion. Bne may /an& &o ar0ue &ha& Da%id,' .re'en#e in &he #our& #rea&ed an en%ormen& o$ #oer'ion, de'.i&e &he la# o$ ex.li#i& #oer'ion on &he .ar& o$ &he $ederal a0en&'. 5o/%er, &he Cour& e'&a-li'hed in Bre0on %. Ma&hia'on &ha& mere .re'n#e in a .oli#e '&a&ion doe' no& #on'&i&ue #u'&odial in&erro0a&ion, /here &he de$endan&' $reedom i' no& limi&ed. I$ 3ue'&ionin0 in a .oli#e '&a&ion doe' no& rai'e &he le%el o$ #oer#ion &o &ha& o$ #u'&odial in&erro0a&ion, i& #an hardly -e ar0ued &ha& Da%id,' .re'en#e in #our& doe'. C!

Adam Cherlin Exam ID: 1848 May 13, 2011 Crim. Pro. Du e Da%id #ould 'u##e''$ully mo%e &o 'e%er hi' &ax e%a'ion #har0e' $rom &he ne/ #har0e #rea&ed -y hi' 3ue'&ionin0 in &he hall. In 6+ %. 5allo/ay &he Cour& e'&a-li'hed &ha& &he ;oinder o$ #har0e' #ould only -e .ro.er i$ &hey are )o$ &he 'ame or 'imilar #hara#&er.* I& #an hardly -e ar0ued &ha& lyin0 &o &he a0en&' ha' any #onne#&ion &o hi' &ax e%a'ion #har0e'. I$, ho/e%er, &he #our& doe' a##e.& &hi' mo&ion, Da%id may -e a-le &o #olla&erally a&&a# a 'u-'e3uen& #on%i#&ion under 7ru&on %. 6+. In &ha& #a'e i& /a' e'&a-li'hed &ha& a mi';oinder #an re'ul& in a #on'&i&uional error, i$ &he .re;udi#e &ha& re'ul&' #anno& -e a''ua0ed -y ;ury in'&ru#&ion. Da%id #ould rea'ona-le aru0e, &ha& an unrela&ed #har0e im.li#a&in0 him /i&h ma$ia &ie', and .er;ury /ould #rea&e a .re;udi#e 'u-'&an&ial enou0h &o in%alida&e hi' &ax e%a'ion #on%i#&ion'.

3! A! Da%id /ould no& ha%e a %alid de$en'e $or #on&em.& $or no& a..ear -e$ore &he Crand Dury, -u& /ould ha%e -een a-le &o a''er& i' A&h Amendmen& ri0h& &o no& in#rimina&e him'el$ in re$u'in0 &o an'/er .ar&i#ular 3ue'&ion'. I& /a' e'&a-li'hed in Coun'elman %. 5i&#h#o# &ha& an indi%idual,' A&h Amendmen& ri0h& &o re$u'e &o &e'&i$y a..lie' in any 0o%ernmen& .ro#eedin0, i$ i& #ould ad%er'ely a$$e#& #riminal .ro#eedin0' a0ain'& &he indi%idual. 7e#au'e in our #a'e &he CD i' #learly a 0oer%men&al .ro#eedin0, he /ould -e a-le &o re$u'e &o an'/er &he Crand Dury,' 3ue'&ion', -u& '&ill /ould -e re3uire &o 'ho/ u.. "here$ore, hi' re$u'al &o a..ear /ould '&ill re'&ul in #on&em.&. A' &o &he .rodu#&ion o$ hi' &ax do#umen&', &hi' /ould addi&ionally re'ul& in a 'u##e''$ul #on&em.& #har0e. 4hile an indi%idual i' .ro&e#&ed $rom &e'&i$yin0 a0ain'& him'el$, &he Cour& ha'

Adam Cherlin Exam ID: 1848 May 13, 2011 Crim. Pro. Du e held &ha& &hi' doe' no& ex&end &o &he .rodu#&ion o$ .reexi'&in0 do#umen&'. "here are #a'e' /hi#h are rele%an& &o &hi' i''ue. In 1i'her %. 6+, &he #our& $ound &ha& an indi%idual /a' re3uired &o di'#lo'e hi' &ax re&urn'. I& ar0ued &ha& -e#au'e &he do#umen&' /ere %olun&arily #rea&ed, &heir #oer'ed .rode#&ion #ould no& amoun& &o a A&h Amendmen& %iola&ion. I& $ur&her ar0ued &ha& i& #ould e3ually 'u-.oena hi' a##oun&an& &o .rodu#e &he do#umen&', 'o &here #ould -e no 'u-'&an&i%e di$$eren#e i$ &he de$endan& /a' re3uired &o di'#lo'e &hem dire#&ly. In &ha& #a'e &he Cour& 'imilarly $ound &ha& a de$endan&,' a&&orney #ould 'imilarly -e #om.eled &o .rodu#e &he &ax re&urn', -e#au'e a&&orney #lien& .ri%le0e /a' no& a..li#a-le $or &he 'ame rea'on'. "he 'e#ond #a'e &ha& i' rele%an& i' +ha.iro %. 6+, /hi#h e'&a-li'hed &he )re3uied do#umen&'* ex#e.&ion &o &he ri0h& &o -e $ree $rom 'el$ in#rimina&ion. "ha& #a'e held, &ha& i$ &he 0o%ernmen& re3uire' &hrou0h re0ula&ion &he #om.u'arily #rea&ion o$ do#umen&a&ion, &hen &he in&ere&' in e$$e#&i%e 0o%ernan#e ou&/ei0hed indi%idual,' A&h Amendmen& ri0h&', and #ould -e #om.le&ed &o .rodu#e 'u#h do#umen&'. 7e#au'e &ax re&urn' /ould $all under &hi' #a&e0ory, &hey /ould 'imilarly -e re3uire, and Da%id /ould -e held in #on&em.& $or $ailin0 &o #om.ly. 7! 1! 7oy in %. Ala-ama '&a-li'hed &ha& 0uil&y .lea' #ould no& -e a##e.&ed -y a #our& unle'' &hey #ould -e 'ho/n &o -e )in&elli0en& and %olun&ary.* I$ i& #an -e 'ho/n &ha& &he ri0id one:/ee &ime $rame 'e& -y &he .ro'e#u&ion /a' &oo 'hor& &o allo/ $or ei&her, a! and in&elli0en& a''e''men& o$ Da%id,' o.&ion', -! or #oer'i%e in na&ure, &hen &he #our& mu'& no& a##e.& Da%id,' .lea. 5o/e%er, i& i' e'&a-li'hed in 6+ %. 5yde &ha& a #our& #an %a#a&e a .lea only -e$ore 'en&en#in0 ha' -een im.o'ed. 7e#au'e &he #our& in our #a'e ha' already im.o'ed 'en&en#e, i& #anno& %a#a&e &he .lea. Da%id #an, ho/e%er, a&&a# &he a##e.&an#e o$ &he .lea #olla&erally, or on

Adam Cherlin Exam ID: 1848 May 13, 2011 Crim. Pro. Du e a..eal -a'ed on &he ra&ionale .ro%ided a-o%e. +u#h an a&&a# #ould 'u##eed -e#au'e o$ &he im.or&an#e o$ 7oy in re3uiremen&' &ha& &he .lea -e %olun&ary and in&elli0en&. 2! a! Po/ell %. Ala-ama ini&ia&ed &he no&ion &ha& a de$endan& had &he ri0h& &o 'ome minimum e$$e#&i%ene'' o$ #oun#il. "he la/ /a' la&er de%elo.ed in +&ri# land %. 4a'hin0&on, /hi#h #rea&ed a &/o:.ron0ed &e'& $or a $indin0 &ha& #oun'el /a' ine$$e#&i%e: a! a''i'&an#e $ell -elo/ rea'ona-le '&andard', -! &here /a' .re;udi#e. A..lied &o our #a'e, i& /ould -e di$$i#ul& $or Da%id &o e'&a-li'h ei&her .ron0. "he exi'&in0 #a'e la/ e'&a-li'he' a lo/ -ar $or rea'ona-le '&andard'. I& ha' $ound &ha& 'lee.in0 durin0 .ro#eedin0', doe' no& ne#e''arily im.li#a&ed ine$$e#&i%e a''i'&an#e. E%en i$ Da%id,' a&&orney,' ad%i#e /a' deemed ine$$e#&i%e, none&hele'', i& /ould -e unli ely &ha& .re;udi#e /ould -e $ound. In 5ill %. Fo# har& a 'imilar in'&an#e o$ -ad .leadin0 ad%i#e lead &o an in#rea'ed 'en&en#e $or &he de$endan&. In &ha& #a'e &he #our& $ound no .re;udi#e -e#au'e &here needed &o -e a -u&:$or 'ho/in0 &ha& /i&hou& hi' a&&orney,' ad%i#e he /ould ha%e .lea di$$eren&ly and .re%ailed. +imilarly in "oro %. 1airman, no .re;udi#e /a' $ound e%en /hen &he de$endan&, a' in our #a'e, #laimed he /ould ha%e .lead di$$eren&ly i$ no& $or hi' a&&orney,' ad%i#e. -!