Marudhar Engineering College, Bikaner Electrical Drives & Control Lab Manual

Experiment 2 Object:- Study and obtain waveforms of 3- half controlled bridge converter with R and RL loads. Theory:To control the load voltage, the half wave rectifier uses three, common-cathode thyristor arrangement. the most common circuit is the three-phase bridge shown in Fig. Neglecting commutation effects for the moment, this circuit has a control range of 180 from full positive output voltage to full negative output voltage, although the circuit requires a load such as an inductor that is capable of sinking positive current while sourcing negative voltage. The bridge circuit allows power flow in either direction for these types of loads, and it is capable of supplying regenerative braking for DC motors with field reversal. Figure 1 below shows the R/C snubbers as well as protective MOV devices on the power line.

1. SCR three-phase bridge converter The set of figures that follows show the control characteristics of the SCR converter. The gate circuits are set to gate each SCR at 30 after the line-to-line zero crossings. Figure 2 shows the line-to neutral voltages and the line currents with an inductive load, Fig. 3 shows the positive and negative bus voltages, Fig. 4 shows the line-to-line voltage of phase A, and Fig. 5 shows the DC output waveform. When an SCR is fired, the incoming and outgoing phases are shorted, and the output bus voltage drops to the average of the two phase voltages. The process is identical to that with diodes, except the beginning of commutation is determined by the timing of the gate delay. The positive bus always assumes the most positive gated voltage in the system, and the negative bus follows the most negative gated voltage once commutation is completed. The DC output voltage will continue to decrease as the firing angle is phased back farther. At 90 phase back, the average output voltage will be zero with an inductive load. The converter supplies the

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Marudhar Engineering College, Bikaner Electrical Drives & Control Lab Manual

positive portions of the voltage, and the load induces a mirror-image voltage to form the negative portions.

2. Converter L-N voltages and line currents (inductive load)

3. Converter bus voltages

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Marudhar Engineering College, Bikaner Electrical Drives & Control Lab Manual

4. Converter line-to-line voltage

5. Converter DC output voltage Figure 6 shows waveforms at = 120, a region of negative output voltage where operation is possible with an inductive load already be completed, and the full load current will return to the original phase as the voltage swings from positive to negative. This is termed a commutation failure, and it leaves the full load current in only one of the SCR pairs with possible over current damage. Furthermore, a large AC voltage is impressed on the load, and this may be undesirable. To avoid commutation failure, a margin angle must be observed between the maximum phase back angle and the angle at which the commutating voltage changes polarity. A phase back limit of 165 with a 15margin angle is often used in relatively low-reactance systems where commutation angles are low. In special applications such as high reactance pulsed power systems, the margin angle is load compensated so that the angle can be increased as load current decreases. This allows a maximum sustained negative voltage and rapid energy recovery.

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Marudhar Engineering College, Bikaner Electrical Drives & Control Lab Manual

While the bridge is the most popular circuit, several other arrangements are in use. The semi converter substitutes diodes for three of the SCRs. This circuit was popular in the early days of SCRs, when they were quite expensive, but it is used less often now. One major objection to the circuit is that it draws DC from the source. The same is true of a simple half-wave circuit that has found occasional use in the rotating rectifiers of brushless exciters for synchronous motors and generators. It not only draws DC but also requires a source with a power neutral.

6. Converter DC inversion at 150 phaseback

Result :The Circuit and Characteristics Waveform of the 3- half controlled bridge converter with R and RL loads have been studied successfully.

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