Level and development of national atlas cartography

Ormeling Ferjan

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Sources:

F.J.Ormeling - Neue Formen, Konzepte und Strukturen von Nationalatlanten. Kartographische Nachrichten1994-6, pp 219-226 N.J.Bakker, C.P.J.M. van Elzakker and F.J.Ormeling - National atlases and development. ITC Journal 1987-1, pp 83-92

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objective of national and regional atlases 1

Early development (1899-1940): Infrastructure, visualisation of trade and socio-economic statistics, selected physical themes

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objective of national and regional atlases 2

Early development (1899-1940): Infrastructure, visualisation of trade and socio-economic statistics, selected physical themes 1950 untill 1980s: Detailed overview, highlighting positive and characteristic aspects Lnderkundliches Schema Scientific inventory Business card
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Theoretical development: -IGU Commission on National Atlases 1956-1976 -Joint IGU-ICA WG on environmental atlases 1976-1984 -ICA Commission on national and regional atlases 1985

1960 K.A.Salichtchev Atlas Nationaux 1964 K.A.Salichtchev Regional Atlases 1968(?) I.P.Zarutskaya -Kompleksnye regionalnye atlasy 1976 Lehmann: Regionalatlanten 1980, 1984 Vazquez Maure+Bickmore: Environmental Atlases
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Salichtchev (1960): national atlases

Standard themes Standard sequence Standard legend Standard scales Equivalent projections

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objective of national and regional atlases 3

1980-2000: post-Salichtchev Problem-oriented Also negative themes produced for a larger audience
Written

on high-school level Comments on methods Comments on map patterns Easier to handle (size) Easier to navigate
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International comparisons

National atlases produced 1988-1993 or before

National atlases published 1988-1993

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Traditional structure, but already changing concepts:

National atlas of Hungary (but extensive comments on themes and map patterns) National atlas of Italy (dynamic, zoom effect) National atlas of Switzerland (beautiful but not challenging) National atlas of Belgium (but also application-oriented maps)
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structures

Division into Theme groups Within each theme: hierarchy between general (synthesis) maps and more specialised, analytical maps (Economic Atlas of Ontario) Hierarchy between detailed maps and simplified images (France) Hierarchy between national and regional and local atlases (Qubec)

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Divorce in France
Divorce in France

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fem life expectancy

Life expectation of females in France

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Les diplms de l'enseignement suprieur

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Map comments

Cervical cancer,92-96
FEWER CASES OF UTERINE CANCER Gynaecological health controls have helped to discover the preliminary stages of uterine cancer so that cancer need never develop. This is one significant reason why both the occurrence of this disease and mortality from uterine cancer have decreased in Sweden. It is more difficult to explain what underlies the geographical differences shown on the map. Studies have indicated that people who have had many sexual partners run a greater risk. National averages, no. of cases/10,000: 1.0 Stockholm: 1.2 14 Infant mortality, Europe, 1993-97

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Infant mortalityEurope

Infant mortality Atlas of Sweden

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Nais:zoom+anchor map

Ease of naviga -tion

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Nais zoom + anchor map

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Nais zoom

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Nais zoom

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Median income nais

explanations

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National atlas of Quebec

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Regional atlas of Quebec

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Atlas der Schweiz: navigation

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Atlas der Schweiz: new projects

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Atlas objectives

National atlas of Hungary National atlas of Italy National atlas of the Netherlands National atlas of Switzerland

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Atlas objectives National Atlas of Switzerland

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Provide insight into the countrys economic and social structures Spot changes Comparisons with other Europen countries Enjoyable graphics Be an information and education vehicle for large public Provide know-how (?)
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Atlas objectives: National atlas Hungary:

Wants to document environmental aspects of economic developments Wants to contribute to safeguard for human health the natural resources Wants to provide starting point for further research

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Atlas objectives: National atlas Italy

Wants to visualise the radical changes that modified the country since 1945 into a postindustrial society Wants to be oriented to current problems urbanization,pollution Shows thematical links Shows the situation of Italy in Europe and the world Large % synthesis maps Large % of maps that show developments (dynamic) 14-12-2009

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Atlas objectives: National atlas of the Netherlands

Wants to show what affects the population of this densely inhabited West-European river delta, so it Starts with the people Only presents what is relevant for them Presents it in20 handy volumes Gives comments on map method and map patterns And allows for separate sales of theme-volumes
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issues

Can a country spend so much money on a national atlas if it is not also made accessible for the general public? Should there be different access modes? Does the atlas show whether the environment is under control? Does the atlas show whether all inhabitants have equal access to the nations resources? Does the atlas show whether the nations inhabitants are performing better or worse than those of other (neighbouring) countries?
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Issues (continued)

Should users be able to customize maps? Should users be able to add their own datasets? Should users be able to analyse datasets? With GIS functions? With thematic toggle, relative/absolute toggle Should it be possible that map elements are queried?

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Production mode 88-93

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Update inventory
W W web-version W M

M
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Webversions

National atlas USA http://www.nationalatlas.gov/ NAIS Canada http://atlas.gc.ca/site/english/index.html National Atlas Sweden http://www.sna.se/e_index.html National Atlas Switzerland http://www.karto.ethz.ch/neumann/atlas/ National atlas of Quebec http://www.atlasduquebec.qc.ca/atlas/accueil.htm

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