Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton
Thit k cng trnh chu tc ng ca ti trng ng t bng ETABS veri!n "
1. #c khi ni$% c&n '(u ): 1.1. Khi luong, m: Theo nh lut Newton, luc F = m x a. Khi luong m F gia tc a = 1 m/s 2 . 1.2. Bc tu do, DOF: C hai loi sau: MDOF, h nhiu bc tu do; SDOF, h mt bc tu do. 1.3. Tn s dao ng tu nhin v mode dao ng tu nhin (Natural Frequency, dao ng m cng trnh c uoc do trng luong bn thn ca n, khng c su tc ng ca ti trng ngoi) 2. #c b(*c th+c hi$n: 2.1. ,hai b! ngu-.n v/t 'i$u, 0ateria' 1r!1ertie: Btng: Khi luong ring, Mass per Unit volume : = / g = 2,5 / 10 = 0,25. L do phi khai bo muc ny v ta c chu ky dao ng T uoc tnh bng 2 m T k = , do nu cng trnh khng c khi luong ring m, hoc gi tr m rt nh dn ti gi tr k rt ln gi tr T m ta c uoc rt b. Nhu vy, ngui thit k d nhm ln cng trnh ca mnh t cng, v chu ky T c uoc nm trong phm vi gii hn. Do vy, muc Mass per Unit volume bt buc phi khai bo khi tnh ton phn tch ng luc. 2.2. ,h2i '(3ng tha% gia t4nh 5a! ng: Khi luong , dm, ct, sn, vch ETABS tu tnh ton; Khi luong hon thin, khi luong tung, mt phn hot ti ngui thit k tnh ton. Theo tiu chun M, phn khi luong tham gia tnh dao ng l TT + 0,5 HT ton phn. Theo tiu chun VN, gi tr tuong ng l TT + 0,8 HT di hn. C hai cch tnh ny u cho gi tr tuong uong. V du: Theo TCVN 2737:1995, ti trng ton phn tc dung ln sn theo bng tra l 200 daN/m 2 , trong phn di hn l 130 daN/m 2 phn ngn hn l 70 daN/m 2 . Theo TCVN, HTDH x 0,8 = 130 x 0,8 = 104 daN/m 2 ; theo TC M, HTTP x 0,5 = 200 x 0,5 = 100 daN/m 2 . Nhu vy, thng nht, ta p dng h s gim ti cho hot ti c nu trong TC 22!" #$ %&' cho c(ng tr)nh c* + ,n ng-i .$ trang thi,t /01 2.3. ,h2i '(3ng t/1 trung 0: 6h7n t4ch 1h8ng: 0 9 % : S trong : m khi luong phn b, 0, 5 9,81 q g p m g + = = ; S din tch sn. Thng thung, gi tr q = 9 ~ 14 kN/m 2 (1 T = 10 kN), thung chn q = 10 ~ 11 kN/m 2
10 ~11 9, 81 q m g = = Sau gn khi luong tp trung M bng Joint Mass: Assign Joint/Point Additional Point Mass.
Nhp tham s M vo Direction X,Y. + Cch khc cho phuong php tnh ton khung phng: Chi cn tnh khi luong ca sn chia cho gia tc trng trung th uoc gi tr M, sau gn tuong tu nhu trn. 6h7n t4ch ; chi<u: Trang 1 / 13 Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton #h= ): khng cn phi chia nh phn t shell bng Edit Mesh Areas hay Assign Shell/Area Area Object Mesh Options. khi gii bi ton dao ng v sai s chi l 1% vi khi c chia nh cc phn t shell. Khai bo khi luong: C cc cch sau: o Cch 1: Tnh cc lp hon thin, vd: 1,2 kN/m 2 Tnh cc lp tung, vd: 2,5 kN/m 2 Xc nh hot ti, vd: 2 kN/m 2 M = [q = 1,2 + 2,5 + 2 = 5,7 kN/m 2 ] / g = 9,81 Sau gn ln shell bng Area Mass, o Cch 2: Khng cn nhp sn, chi cn nhp khung sau tnh ton ton b khi luong sn l bao nhiu, sau chn ht cc nt giao gia dm ct, ri gn san G M g.N = (vi N = s nt trn sn) bng Joint Mass. o Cch 3: Nhp m hnh. Khai bo cc trung hop ti trng, theo hnh sau: Gn ti trng tht su, chua cn nhp gi hay ti ng t trong giai on ny. 2h3n T45T, cn ch= )> ,hi khai b! ngu?n kh2i '(3ng 0a S!urce Trang 2 / 13 Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton Nu chn muc From Self and Specified Mass and Loads th muc Define Mass Multiplier for Loads nhu hnh dui y: Trang 3 / 13 Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton Nu chn muc From Loads th chn nhu hnh dui y: @ABA #ng trnh c&n ba! nhi.u %!5e 'C D Theo VN, s mode cn tnh l Smode sao cho fS < fgh < fS+1. Theo TCVN 229:1999 th vi kt cu BTCT: fgh = 1,3 Hz TS+1 < Tgh = 0,8 s < TS. V du: Phn tch mode dao ng ca 1 cng trnh ta uoc bng sau: 3. Mode 4. T (s) 5. 1 6. 1,6 7. 2 8. 1,0 9. 3 10. 0,9 11. 4 12. 0,82 13. 5 14. 0,75 Ta thy mode 4 c T = 0,82 s > Tgh = 0,8 s, mode 5 th T< Tgh nn s mode cn phn tch l B %!5e. Theo M, s mode cn tnh l S sao cho y = m1 + m2 + . + mS # 90% yg (xc nh bng cch xem file *.OUT) Nhu hnh trn, phn gch dui mu l v tr m y # 90% yg nn s mode cn tnh l E %!5e. (Tham kho bi vit ca GS Edward L. Wilson trong file EMAN08.pdf phn Manuals ca phn mm Etabs). Trang 4 / 13 Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton @AFA6h(Gng trnh 5a! ng :c nh nh( th nC!D Phuong trnh dao ng ca 3 dng dao ng ( ) y sin B cos -cosh Dsinh = tnh ton nhung khng k n su tham gia ca cc lp hon thin, trang thit b,. trn cng trnh nn cho kt qu khng uoc chnh xc, nn t 1986, phuong php tnh ny t uoc s dung. Hin nay, trn th gii s dung phuong php itz tnh ton phuong trnh dao ng. Phuong php ny c k n su tham gia ca cc ti trng k trn khi tnh ton v phn tch dao ng cho cng trnh. Cch xc nh phuong trnh dao ng trn ETABS: Ta chn nt, nm trn inh v gia cng trnh, xut bng Display Show table Xem hnh bn dui hoc Trang 5 / 13 Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton Trang 6 / 13 Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton @AHA Ih/1 ti trng ng t bng TJ0E KJSTLMN AIAONSJS 6h(Gng trnh: ( ) Mu cu ku P t + + = && & Cc buc gii nhu sau: o Hm thi gian, nhp chu ky (sn c). Theo , ta c cc hC% Gn gin nhu sin, cos.: o Hoc hC% ngPu nhi.n (cc hm do cc my o cc trn ng t ghi li, trong ETABS c sn mt s hm c ui .TH trong thu muc ETABSTime History Functions. C 2 dng file hm: dng file chi c gia tc, phi cho bit Time step T ; dng file hm th 2 cho bit T, giy (s). Trang 7 / 13 Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton o Click chn Br!Qe muc Runcti!n Ri'e, dn ung dn ti thu muc SETABSSTi%e Kit!r- Runcti!n ta c bng sau: o Click vieQ Ti'e bit uoc dng format file hm. 6)nh trn #$ dng 7i#8 h$m ch9 cho /i,t gia tc .$ T : &,&2& s8c1 ;ch< = >n .0 gia tc #$ cm?s 2 , c3n nh@n h s &,&" th$nh m?s 2 trong ATB5C, sD n*i ph3n sauE 6)nh trn #$ dng 7i#8 h$m cho /i,t chu +F .$ gi@G. o U4 5V s dung file hm ALTADENA1.TH phn tch. Trang 8 / 13 Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton o Khai bo trung hop ng t WeTine Ti%e Kit!r- #aeX Trang 9 / 13 Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton o To mt COMBO c DONGDAT xc nh Max Min ni luc cho phn t trong thi im xy ra ng t Trang 10 / 13 Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton o COMBO ny c th tc dung vi cc TH ti (vd gi) tnh ton ni luc cho cng trnh. o T s cn cr C C = BTCT = 5%, Thp = 3% o Ye% ni '+c ch! 1h&n tZ tr!ng khi 5i[n ra ng t: Wi1'a- Sh!Q Ti%e Kit!r- TraceX Sau khi click WeTine Runcti!n. ta c bng dui y: Trang 11 / 13 Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton Click 5i1'a- bng Ti%e Kit!r- Wi1'a- WeTiniti!n ta uoc bng sau Trang 12 / 13 Tnh ton cng trnh chu ti trng ng t bng ETABS, bin son: Nguyn Cnh Ton @A"A Yc nh gia t2c \nh nh( th nC!D Theo phuong trnh ( ) Mu cu ku P t + + = && & ta thy uoc rng trong cch tnh s dung phuong php tnh chi c cng k nhn vi chuyn v u nn khng th xc nh uoc gia tc. Do c th s dung phuong php quy i nhu sau: ]i Z chuyn v c dng u = uosint u = (uo)cost u = (uo 2 )sint. Ta xc nh uoc ymax (umax) trong ETABS, sau amax = 2 x umax Vi chu ky ring = 2f = 2 / T. T^J OJ_` TKA0 ,KaL [1] ETABS 0AI`AOS. [2] Ths. Nguyn Hu Anh Tun, Gio trnh Thc hnh phn tch v thit k kt cu mt s v d c !n "ng #T$%&, 2006, Tp. H Ch Minh. Trang 13 / 13