The left femur (os femoris) from its anterior (volar) surface.

Translated by: Ronald A. Bergman, PhD and Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS

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a' (ead of the femoral bone #bo nd to the A%etab l m ) an enarthosis'. b' *emoral head fossa for the ro nd ligament. %' *emoral ne%&. d' +reater tro%hanter #insertion site for mm gl te s medi s and minim s, ,iriformis, gemelli, obt rator and - adrat s femoris'.

e' .esser tro%hanter #insertion site for mm ,soas ma/or and internal ilia%. f' Anterior intertro%hanteri% line #origin for m vast s lateralis'. g' Body #or dia,hysis'. h' .ateral femoral %ondyle #origin for m ,o,lite s and ,lantaris'. i' Medial femoral %ondyle #origin for the medial head of gastro%nemi s'. &' Arti% lar groove for the ,atella.

This figure is of the left femur (os femoris) from its posterior or dorsal surface.
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a' (ead of the femoral bone #bo nd to the A%etab l m ) an enarthosis'. b' *emoral head fossa for the ro nd ligament. %' *emoral ne%&. d' +reater tro%hanter #insertion site for mm gl te s medi s and minim s, ,iriformis, gemelli, obt rator and - adrat s femoris'.

e' .esser tro%hanter #insertion site for mm ,soas ma/or and internal ilia%'. f' Posterior intertro%hanteri% line #insertion for m - adrat s femoris'. g' 0,,er limb of the linea as,era. h' .inea as,era #insertion for ,e%ine s, gl te s ma1im s, femoral add %tors, vasti and add %tor brevis'. i' .ower limb of the linea as,era. &' *emoral body. l' Po,liteal fossa. m' .ateral %ondyle. n' Medial %ondyle. o' !nter%ondylar fossa.

The left patella from the volar or anterior surface.

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a' Base of the ,atella. b' Body. %' A,e1. d' Medial margin #edge'. e' .ateral margin #edge'.

The left patellar inner or posterior surface.

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a' Base. b' Body. %' Medial margin. d' .ateral margin. e' S ,erior arti% lar s rfa%e.

The left tibia seen from the anterior or volar surface.

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a' Medial %ondyle. b' .ateral %ondyle. %' Medial %ondylar %avity. d' .ateral %ondylar %avity. e' !nter%ondylar eminen%e #insertion for %r %iate ligaments'.

f' S ,erfi%al ,eroneal glenoid #so%&et' #for the fib lar head'. g' Tibial s,ine s t berosity #insertion site for ,atellar ligament'. h' Tibial body. i' Tibial %rest #shar, anterior edge'. &' *ib lar not%h #for the lower end of the fib la'. l' Arti% lar fossa for the tal s. m' Medial malleol s #with two rims, one for the tendons of mm tibialis ,osterior and fle1or digitor m long s, and the other for m fle1or hall %is long s'. n' !nner #medial' s rfa%e #for m e1tensor digitor m long s, ,erone s long s, and ,erone s brevis

Posterior surface of the left tibia.

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a' Medial %ondyle. b' .ateral %ondyle. %' Medial %ondylar %avity. d' .ateral %ondylar %avity. e' !nter%ondylar eminen%e #insertion for %r %iate ligaments'.

f' S ,erfi%al ,eroneal glenoid #so%&et' #for the fib lar head'. g' 2bli- e line of the tibia #insertion site for mm ,o,lite s and ,lantaris and sole s. h' Body, ,osterior s rfa%e. i' Medial malleol s. &' *ib lar not%h. l' +roove for mm tibialis ,osterior and fle1or digitor m long s

The left fibula seen from the posterior or the dorsal surface.
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a' *ib lar head. b' S ,erfi%ial arti% lar s rfa%e #lying ad/a%ent to the lateral %ondyle of the tibia'. %' Body #or dia,hysis' of fib la. d' .ateral malleol s #atta%hment site for tibiofib lar ligaments'.

e' Tibial /oint s rfa%e. f' S rfa%e of fib la ad/a%ent to the lateral side of the tal s.

The left fibula seen from behind (or the dorsal surface).
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a' *ib lar head. b' S ,erfi%ial arti% lar s rfa%e #lying ad/a%ent to the lateral %ondyle of the tibia'. %' Body #or dia,hysis' of fib la. d' .ateral malleol s #atta%hment site for tibiofib lar ligaments'.

e' Tibial /oint s rfa%e. f' S rfa%e of fib la ad/a%ent to the lateral side of the tal s.

The bones of the left foot from their articular surfaces.

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a' Tal s. b' 3al%ane s. %' 2s navi% lar. d' 2s % neiform, !. e' 2s % neiform, !!. f' 2s % neiform, !!!. g' 2s % boid.

h' 2s metatarsal of the great toe. i' 2ssa metatarsal bones. &' 2s ,halan1 !, great toe. l' 2s ,halan1 !!, great toe. m' 2ssa ,halang m, !. n' 2ssa ,halang m, !!. o' 2ssa ,halang m, !!!.

The bones of the left foot from their plantar or ventral surface.
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a' Tal s. b' 3al%ane s. %' 2s navi% lar. d' 2s % neiform, !. e' 2s % neiform, !!. f' 2s % neiform, !!!. g' 2s % boid. h' 2s metatarsal of the great toe. i' 2ssa metatarsal bones. &' 2s ,halan1 !, great toe. l' 2s ,halan1 !!, great toe. m' 2ssa ,halang m, !. n' 2ssa ,halang m, !!. o' 2ssa ,halang m, !!!.

The ossa tarsi and metatarsi, of the left foot, from the ventral or plantar surface.
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!' Tal s. a' Body. b' 4e%&. %' (ead. d' S ,erior %ondylar s rfa%e. !!' 3al%ane s. e' Body f' T berosity g' *ib lar #,eroneal' tro%hlea #anterior ,ro%ess'. h' Posteror talar arti% lar s rfa%e. i' Middle talar arti% lar s rfa%e. &' .ateral arti% lar s rfa%e #for the head of the tal s'. l' Anterior talar arti% lar s rfa%e. !!!' 2s 4avi% lar

m' T berosity of the navi% lar bone #for the insertion of m tibialis ,osterior'. !"' 2s % neiform, !. "' 2s % neiform, !!. "!' 2s % neiform, !!!. "!!' 2s 3 boid n' Body of metatarsal bone. o' Base of % boid. ,' (ead of % boid. -' T berosity of ossa metatarsi ". r' 2ssa sesamoides of great toe.

The tarsal and metatarsal bones of the left foot from their plantar and anterior (or sole) surface.
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!' Tal s. a' Body. b' 4e%&. %' (ead. d' !nferior arti% lar s rfa%e #for the body of the %al%ane s'. e' Anterior arti% lar s rfa%e #for the anterior ,ro%ess of the %al%ane s'. f' S ,erior s rfa%e of the tro%hlea. !!' 3al%ane s g' Peroneal tro%hlea of %al%ane s. h' T berosity of %al%ane s. i' Anterior ,ro%ess of the %al%ane s. &' Anterior % boidal s rfa%e. l' S stenta% lar tali #lateral ,ro%ess'.

!!!' 2s 4avi% lar. !"' 2s % neiform, !. "' 2s % neiform, !!. "!' 2s % neiform, !!!. "!!' 2s 3 boid. m' S l% s of os % boid #for the tendon of m ,erone s long s'. n' Body of metatarsal bone. o' Base of % boid. ,' (ead of % boid. -' T berosity of ossa metatarsi ". r' 2ssa sesamoides of great toe. s' Plantar t ber%le of ossis metatarsal of the great toe. t' T berosity of os navi% lar.