08 - Scheduling

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management
MGT 550 Introduction to Project Management

Chapter 8: Scheduling
Wesley J. Howe School of Technology Management

Course Development Team Members: Michael Poli Celia Desmond, PMP David Keeney, PMP, CQM, CPDT
March 31, 2002 For academic use only. 1
Copyright Information
The slides in this file are provided to faculty instructing MGT 500 on behalf of the Stevens Institute of Technology. Use is restricted to academic endeavors associated with the delivery of MGT 550 to students properly enrolled at the Stevens Institute of Technology. All other rights are reserved by the original owners of materials contained in this program. The slides contain copyrighted material that has been reproduced and/or adapted to the course syllabus under the doctrine of fair use for academic purposes. All slides in this course are copyrighted by the original source. Requests to reproduce materials for other purposes should be directed to the copyright owner identified in the bibliography that will be made available to faculty.
March 31, 2002
For academic use only.
Module 8: Scheduling
Purpose: prepare students to understand the elements of a project schedule and the techniques commonly used to estimate time in a project plan.
March 31, 2002
Module 8 Objectives
The Scheduling Equation
Describe the scheduling equation and define its elements
March 31, 2002
Where
Work = Duration * Units
Scheduling Equation
Work = units of effort

(usually hours)
Duration = number of work periods

(usually an 8-hour shift)
Units = quantity of resources assigned

Availability range is 0% to 300% per person Efficiency range is 0% to 100%
Elapsed time includes non-work periods.

Module 8 Objectives
Activity Types
Define and illustrate the difference between effortdriven and non-effort-driven tasks
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Effort Driven vs. Non-Effort Driven

Effort driven tasks can be completed earlier by adding manpower. Installing 42 ADSL cards in parallel using 7 people rather than in serial using one. Constructing a house Non-effort driven tasks cannot be shortened. Measuring error performance for a 24 hour period. Flying an airplane Watching paint dry
Module 8 Objectives
Task Dependencies
Define mandatory, discretionary, and external dependencies
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Attacking the logic

Some dependencies are mandatory
i.e. equipment installation must precede performance testing
Some dependencies are discretionary

i.e. written contract must be signed before work begins on a project
Some dependencies are external

I.e. vendor must supply raw materials under contract
Consider the degree to which it is necessary to maintain the dependency

Module 8 Objectives
Logical Relationships
Define FF, SF, SS, and FF relationships Illustrate how changing relationships can be used to compress the project schedule
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10
Dependency Relationships
FS: Finish to Start SF: Start to Finish
SS: Start to Start
FF: Finish to Finish
A B
March 31, 2002 For academic use only.
A B
PMBOK p 68, 69
11
Activity Sequencing
Determine activity types Define Logical Relationships Define task dependencies Define constraints
ASAP = Finish as soon as possible MSO date = Must start on specified date MFO date = Must finish on specified date SNLT date = Start no later than specified date SNET date = Start no earlier than specified date FNLT date = Finish no later than specified date FNET date = Finish no earlier than specified date
For academic use only. 12
March 31, 2002
Module 8 Objectives
Duration Estimation
Describe the beta distribution and illustrate how it is used to determine duration and uncertainty for an activity
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13
Estimating Time
Consider:
work to be done person doing work equipment/resource requirements other commitments corporate overhead project overhead
For academic use only. 14
March 31, 2002
Obtaining Estimates
Estimate
optimistic, realistic and pessimistic times or costs
Give an indication of accuracy of the estimate

(1/100, 1/20, or 1/10)
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15
Beta Distribution Formulas

Most likely = 775,000
= 778,333
( P + 4M + O ) = 6
LCL 770 763 780
( P - O )2 62
= = 5,000
Natural
790 UCL 793
Unnatural
800
LCL =
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3
UCL =
+ 3
Keeney, 2000 16
Z-Score Table from Text
March 31, 2002
M&M Text, Chpt. 8
17
Module 8 Objectives
Types of Network Diagrams
Describe the AON diagram and use it to illustrate the forward and backward pass calculations Describe the AOA diagram and explain the role of dummy activities Emphasize that most software uses the AON format
March 31, 2002
18
Network Diagram Methods

Arrow Diagram Method (ADM)
activity shown on arrow (AOA)
Precedence Diagram Method (PDM)

activity shown on node (AON)
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19
Network Diagram
Visual Layout of Work Flow Determine Sequence of Activities Determine Predecessors, Successors Sequence Based on Work Flow Identify Parallel Activities Create Network Diagram
C A B D E F I J
Poli
H K
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20
Cards-On-the-Wall Method
Easel Paper Software Development Yarn System Test
Masking Tape
Post-It Notes
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FMC, p 164
21
AON Network Diagram View
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22
PDM (AON)
Free Float Float Early Finish Free Float Float Early Finish
WBS No. Early Start
WBS No. Early Start
Activity Description Late Start Late Finish
Activity Description Late Start Late Finish
Duration
Duration
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23
PDM Example 2: Manual Flow
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24
Forward Pass
A 3 B 10
C 16 FS6
F 5
D 1
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E 10
G 2
25
Forward Pass
A 0 3 3 B 3 10 13
C 3 16 19 FS6 4
F 22 5 27
D 3 1
E 10 10 20
G 20 2 22
26
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Backward Pass
A 0 3 0 3 3 B 3 10 13 22 12 C 3 16 19 6 22 D 3 1 3 FS6 4 4 E 10 10 20 10 20
F 22 5 27 22 27 G 20 2 22 20 22
27
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Float
A 0 3 0 0 3 3 B 3 10 13 22 12 C 3 16 19 6 22 D 3 1 3 0 FS6 4 4 E 0 10 10 20 10 20
F 22 5 27 22 27 G 20 2 22 20 22
28
March 31, 2002
ADM (AOA)
ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION
Duration
Uses I,j ordered pair notation to denote activities between nodes. Nodes represent events (start and end of an activity).
Installing ATM equipment 3 days
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29
ADM Principles
The name of the activity and the duration are specified on the arrow. Nodes delineate ends of the arrow. Only one arrow can join two nodes. If two activities can occur in parallel, a dummy node must be added to terminate the second activity. A dummy activity has zero duration.
ADM (AOA)
1
Task 1 4d
Task 2 16d Tes t1 5
In order to show that Node 4 cannot happen until Nodes 2 and 3 have occurred, we need to add a dummy activity to show the dependency. Dummy activities MUST have 0 duration.
mm Du y
4
Test 2 5
Example 2: Arrow Diagram

Establish customer requirements 2 Confirm interdependencies Redesign network 3 0 3 Fine tune design
Verify initial current net
1
2
Verify current network 2
Verify 0 current performance 3
Confirm equipment availability

1
Establish delivery schedules 4
Determine performance specifics for new equipment
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32
Module 8 Objectives
Gantt Chart
Describe the Gantt chart and use an MS-Project template to illustrate it Emphasize that the Gantt chart can be used to help create the time-phased budget discussed in Chapter 7
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33
PDM Example 2: Gantt Entry
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34
From Schedule to Budget

ID 14 WBS 3 Task Name Technical Team Startup Dur 28 days
16, '00 M
Jul 23, '00 M S
Jul 30, '00 M S
Aug 06, '00 M S
Aug 13, '0 M S
15
3.1
Identify
Team
Members
1 day
16
3.2
Verify
Team
Members
Acceptance
6 days
17
3.3
Schedule
Kickoff
Meeting
1 day
18
3.4
Hold
Kickoff
Meeting
1 day
19
3.5
Identify
Technical
Tracks
6 days
20
3.6
Assign Tracks Set Up
Team
Members
To
Technical
1 day
21
3.7
Technical
Team
Web
Site
5 days
22
23
Call
For
Papers
25 days
24
4.1
Write
Technical
Track
Descriptions
15 days
25
4.2
Write
Call
for
Papers
5 days
Project Budget
$15 $10 ($000) $5 $0 W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 A W6 B C W7 D
35
Resource A = Contingency Allowance

March 31, 2002
Resources by Week
Keeney, 2001
Reading Assignments
From Chapter 8
Text
Pp 302 348
For Chapter 9
Text
Pp 361 388
March 31, 2002
36

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MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

MGT 550 Introduction to Project Management

Wesley J. Howe School of Technology Management

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

March 31, 2002

For academic use only.

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

March 31, 2002

For academic use only.

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

March 31, 2002

For academic use only.

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

Work = Duration * Units

Work = units of effort

Duration = number of work periods

Units = quantity of resources assigned

Elapsed time includes non-work periods.

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

March 31, 2002

For academic use only.

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

Effort Driven vs. Non-Effort Driven

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

March 31, 2002

For academic use only.

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

Attacking the logic

Some dependencies are discretionary

Some dependencies are external

Consider the degree to which it is necessary to maintain the dependency

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

March 31, 2002

For academic use only.

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

SS: Start to Start

FF: Finish to Finish

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

March 31, 2002

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

March 31, 2002

For academic use only.

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

March 31, 2002

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

Give an indication of accuracy of the estimate

March 31, 2002

For academic use only.

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

Beta Distribution Formulas

LCL 770 763 780

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

Z-Score Table from Text

March 31, 2002

For academic use only.

M&M Text, Chpt. 8

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

March 31, 2002

For academic use only.

MGT 550: Introduction to Project Management

Network Diagram Methods

Precedence Diagram Method (PDM)

March 31, 2002

For academic use only.