The lattice method for multiplying numbers has been used
for hundreds of years. It is very easy to use if you know the basic multiplication facts. Study the examples below. Operations and Computation Use the lattice method to multiply 3 45. Read the answer. 3 45 135 The box with squares and diagonals is called a lattice. Write 45 above the lattice. Write 3 on the right side of the lattice. Multiply 3 5. Write the answer as shown. Multiply 3 4. Write the answer as shown. Add the numbers along each diagonal, starting at the right. Use the lattice method. Multiply 4 713. 70 seventy 4 713 2,852 3 4 5 4 7 1 0 4 2 8 2 8 5 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 1 5 3 4 5 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 5 1 2 1 3 5 EM2007SRB_G3_OPE.ccc.qxd 1/3/07 9:35 AM Page 70 The numbers along a diagonal may add up to a 2-digit number. When this happens . . . Write the 1s digit. Add the 10s digit to the sum along the diagonal above. Operations and Computation Use the lattice method. Multiply 7 89. Read the answer. 7 89 623 The sum along one diagonal is 6 6 12. Write the 1s digit of 12. Add the 10s digit of 12 to the sum along the diagonal above. This sum is 6. Use the lattice method. Multiply 34 26. Read the answer. 34 26 884 Write 26 above the lattice. Write 34 on the right side of the lattice. Multiply 3 6. Then multiply 3 2. Multiply 4 6. Then multiply 4 2. Write the answers as shown in the lattice. Add the numbers along each diagonal starting at the right. For the sum 18, write 8. Then add 1 to the sum along the diagonal above. seventy-one 71 7 8 9 6 3 5 6 2 3 7 8 9 6 2 3 3 2 6 0 6 1 8 0 8 2 4 4 3 2 6 0 6 0 8 4 1 1 8 0 8 2 4 8 4 5 1 6 6 3 EM2007SRB_G3_OPE.ccc.qxd 1/3/07 9:35 AM Page 71 The search for ways to record computation started in India, perhaps about the eleventh century. The lattice method of multiplication was probably passed on from the Hindus to the Arabians. The Arabians then passed it on to the Europeans. Fifteenth-century writers in western Europe included it in their printed books. The first printed arithmetic book appeared in Italy in 1478. Luca Pacioli listed eight different ways to do multiplication in this book. He called one of the ways lattice multiplication. The name suggests the gratings that were placed in windows to keep people from looking through them. Operations and Computation 4 36 3 517 47 73 64 8 2. 4. 1. 3. 72 seventy-two Check your answers on page 338. 7 4 7 3 3 5 1 7 4 3 6 8 6 4 Did You Know? In the late 1500s, John Napier invented a set of numbered rods that could be used to multiply numbers. The rods were strips of wood or bone, called Napiers Bones. Using these rods to multiply is almost the same as using the lattice method. EM2007SRB_G3_OPE.ccc.qxd 1/3/07 9:35 AM Page 72