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Name the major structural features of a skeletal muscle cell and
how they function
Describe the sequence of events in the cross-bridge cycle during
skeletal muscle contraction
Describe excitation-contraction coupling
Identify the factors that affect the force of muscle contraction
Name and describe the three main types of skeletal muscle fibres
Describe the muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs
Contrast cardiac and smooth muscles to skeletal muscle
1ypes of muscle
1. SkeleLal muscle: ConnecLed Lo aL leasL 2 bones
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faclal muscles, larynx,
ureLhral sphlncLer
2. SmooLh muscle: no sLrlauons. lound ln: blood
vessels, Cl LracL, uLerus
3. Cardlac muscle: Show characLerlsucs of boLh
skeleLal and smooLh muscle
horse
caL
mouse
_______ are
conunuous
wlLh Lhe ouLer
layer of
connecuve
ussue
(eplmyslum)
llg. 12-1
1he cells are called muscle bres, due Lo Lhelr elongaLed shape, and are
dlvlded lnLo bundles ('fasclcles') by addluonal connecuve ussue
(perlmyslum and endomyslum)
SkeleLal muscle sLrucLure
tendons
Muscle bres are
mulunucleaLed cells
Lach ber ls conLrolled
by only 1 moLor neuron
SkeleLal muscle sLrucLure
Myobrlls conLaln Lhe
conLracule machlnery
MlLochondrla are slLuaLed ln Lwo locauons
l) 'Subsarcolemmal' - nexL Lo sarcolemma
ll) 'lnLermyobrlllar - lnLerspersed wlLh myobrlls
llg. 12-2
________ pro[ecL
lnwards from Lhe bre
surface
Sarcoplasmlc reuculum
ls dlsLrlbuLed
LhroughouL cyoplasma
t - tubules
A band. 8eglon of Lhlck
(myosln) lamenLs
l band. 8eglons of Lhln (acun)
lamenLs LhaL do noL overlap myosln
P zone. 8eglon beLween
opposlng ends of Lhln lamenLs
__________ are bordered by
Z-llnes, whlch anchor Lhe Lhln
lamenLs (acun)
1hlck lamenLs (myosln) are
[olned aL Lhe M-llne ('M' for
myosln), anchored by uun
SkeleLal (and cardlac) muscle
ls sLrlaLed due Lo Lhe orderly
arrangemenL of Lhlck and Lhln
lamenLs ln myobrlls
1he Sarcomere
llg. 12-3
sarcomeres
1hln lllamenLs
8ackbone composed of _____.
C-acun (for globular proLeln)
blnd LogeLher Lo form l-acun
(brous proLeln)
When Lhe muscle ls relaxed,
Lropomyosln parLly covers Lhe
myosln cross-brldge blndlng
slLe (black doLs)
1roponln regulaLes Lhe
locauon of Lropomyosln (ln
response Lo Ca
2+
durlng muscle
conLracuon, as we wlll dlscuss)
llg. 12-3
actin
1hlck lllamenLs
Lach myosln proLeln ls a
dlmer of 2 lnLer-Lwlned
subunlLs
1hlck lamenLs are made of
myosln proLeln, composed of
a head reglon wlLh A1ase
acuvlLy and acun blndlng slLe
(crossbrldge).
A 56789 :;<=>?5 ls composed of
hundreds of myosln proLelns,
wlLh heads sLaggered along Lhe
lamenL
Muscle shorLenlng occurs as Lhlck and Lhln lamenLs
sllde" pasL each oLher (1he Slldlng lllamenL Model)
llg. 12-3
SkeleLal Muscle ConLracuon
Whlch of Lhe followlng happens
durlng a muscle conLracuon?
A) A band shorLens
8) l band and P zone shorLen
C) A and l bands shorLen
u) Z llne dlsappears
L) CalclLonln ls released from Lhe
Lhyrold gland
llg. 12-6
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1he Crossbrldge Cycle
llg. 12-7
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1he Crossbrldge Cycle - #1
llg. 12-7
When myosln ls ln lLs
energlzed" sLaLe
(l.e., when Au and
l

are bound) lL has a
hlgh amnlLy for acun
1hls sLep can only
occur when Ca
2+
ls
presenL (we wlll
dlscuss laLer why Lhls
ls Lhe case)
1he Crossbrldge Cycle - #2
llg. 12-7
uurlng Lhls process, Lhe myosln head plvoLs
Lowards Lhe mlddle of Lhe sarcomere and pulls
Lhe Lhln lamenL along wlLh lL
1he blndlng of myosln Lo acun Lrlggers Lhe release
of
l
and laLer Au from Lhe ______slLe of myosln
1he conformauonal change shls
myosln lnLo lLs low-energy" sLaLe
ATPase
1he Crossbrldge Cycle - #3
llg. 12-7
ln lLs low energy
form, acun and
myosln are ughLly
bound
8lgor morus
1hls ls Lhe cause of
'rlgor morus'
1he Crossbrldge Cycle - #4
llg. 12-7
1he blndlng of A1
Lo myosln's ______
slLe Lrlggers a
conformauonal
change ln Lhe
proLeln
1he amnlLy of
myosln for acun
decreases, so Lhe
myosln deLaches
ATPase
1he Crossbrldge Cycle - #3
llg. 12-7
Soon aer A1 blnds, lL ls
hydrolyzed Lo Au and
l
1he energy released shls
myosln lnLo lLs energlzed" sLaLe

1he Crossbrldge Cycle
llg. 12-7
Lnerglzed
myosln blnds Lo
acun and Lhe
cycle conunues
as long as Ca
2+

ls presenL

1he Crossbrldge Cycle
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llg. 12-7
1he Crossbrldge Cycle
llg. 12-9
1he blndlng of Ca
2+
Lo
Lroponln causes a
conformauonal change
ln Lhe complex
___________ shls
from lLs resung
posluon, uncoverlng
Lhe myosln cross-
brldge blndlng slLes
Where does Lhe Ca
2+

come from?
Trompomyosin
LxclLauon-
ConLracuon
Coupllng
llg. 12-8
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LxclLauon-ConLracuon Coupllng
llg. 12-8
Muscles have ________
membranes. An acuon
poLenual (A) ln Lhe
moLor neuron ,-.,/+
generaLes an A ln Lhe
muscle cell (large end-
plaLe poLenual)
A ln Lhe muscle leads Lo
Ca
2+
release from Lhe
sarcoplasmlc reuculum
(and Lhus conLracuon)
Acuve LransporL of Ca
2+
back lnLo Lhe S8 by a
Ca
2+
-A1ase reduces
cyLosollc [Ca
2+
] and leads
Lo relaxauon
Acuon poLenuals Lravelllng
down Lhe 1-Lubules LargeL
charged amlno acld resldues
on ____________
Conformauon change ln uP
opens Lhe ryanodlne recepLor
channel lL ls assoclaLed wlLh
1hls releases Ca
2+
from Lhe
sarcoplasmlc reuculum and
lnLo Lhe cyLosol
uP = dlhydropyrldlne recepLors
LxclLauon-ConLracuon Coupllng
llg. 12-10
Some of Lhe Ca
2+
blnds Lo
oLher S8 Ca
2+
channels and
causes Lhem Lo open
= Ca
2+
-lnduced Ca
2+
release