PH-201(Physics-II)

B.Tech II Year !"i# tate Physics

Autumn: 2013 14

Free Electron Theory, Electrical Conductivity, Band structure, Magnetic Properties, Superconductivity

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$a"cu"ate the ener%y #i&&erence 'et(een the n) * ny * n+ * 1 "e,e" an# ne)t hi%her ener%y "e,e" &!r &ree e"ectr!ns in a s!"i# cu'e !& si#e 10 mm. -Ans. 1.13 ) 10-14e./ The 0ermi ener%y !& s!#ium is 3.0 e.. $a"cu"ate the ener%y #i&&erence 'et(een the nei%h'!urin% ener%y "e,e"s in the ,icinity !& the 0ermi ener%y i& the hi%hest !ccu1ie# state in a cu'ica" '!) !& si#e 1.2223 ) 10-3 m is %i,en 'y n) * ny * n+. Ans. 0.043 e.. $a"cu"ate the num'er !& ener%y states a,ai"a'"e &!r the e"ectr!ns in a cu'ica" '!) !& si#e 1 cm "yin% 'e"!( ener%y !& 1 e.. -Ans. 4.5 ) 1021/ 6hat sh!u"# 'e the ener%y !& the &ree e"ectr!ns in a meta" in the 7uantum state &!r (hich the sum !& the s7uares !& the 7uantum num'ers n)8 ny8 n+ is 149 Ta:e the si+e !& the s!"i# t! 'e 10mm ) 10mm ) 10mm. 6hat are the 7uantum num'ers !& the ne)t hi%her state9 - Ans. 1.14 ) 10-32 ;/ Assumin% &ree e"ectr!n m!#e" &!r a t(!-#imensi!na" s!"i#8 !'tain the e)1ressi!n &!r the #ensity !& e"ectr!nic states. h!( that the a,era%e ener%y !& e"ectr!ns in this s!"i# at T* 0 < is 0.5 =0. Ans. >(=) * 2 (2m?h2) 2. $a"cu"ate the #ensity !& states !& e"ectr!n in 1@8 2@ an# 3@ system at ener%y !& 0.1e.. A"s! ma:e 7ua"itati,e 1"!ts !& #ensity !& states ,ersus ener%y &!r a"" the cases. A. &!r $!11er has &.c.c. structure (ith a * 3.2 B. Assume each c!11er at!m c!ntri'utes !ne e"ectr!n c!n#ucti!n. 0in# (i) c!ncentrati!n !& the e"ectr!ns (ii) 0ermi ener%y =& (iii) 0ermi tem1erature (i,) 0ermi ,e"!city8 (,) 0ermi (a,e,ect!r8 an# (,i) e"ectrica" c!n#ucti,ity i& mean &ree 1ath is 200 times the at!mic ra#ius. A"s! &in# the 0ermi m!mentum an# c!rres1!n#in% #eBr!%"ie (a,e"en%th !& the e"ectr!ns. (Ci,en #ensity D*3.42 %m?cm3 an# at!mic (t. *23.5 !& c!11er). -Ans. 3.5A)1023?m3E A.1 e.E 3.25)104 <E 1.53)102 m?sE 1.32)1010?mE/

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The ,isi'"e "i%ht is a""!(e# t! &a"" !n a semic!n#uct!r crysta" ha,in% the ener%y %a1 !& 1.5 e.. @iscuss the trans1arency !& the semic!n#uct!r t! this "i%ht. In CaAs8 (hen a c!n#ucti!n 'an# e"ectr!n rec!m'ines (ith h!"e in the ,a"ence 'an#8 the (a,e"en%th !& "i%ht emitte# is 0.3AFm. 0in# the 'an# %a1. $a"cu"ate the mean &ree 1ath !& 1!tassium8 i& its 0ermi ener%y is 2.1 eV an# the e"ectrica" c!n#ucti,ity is 1.5 10 A !hm -1m 1 . -Ans. 33.2nm / 0in# the ma)imum ra#ius G !& the s1here that can Hust &it int! the ,!i# at the '!#y center !& the 0$$ structure &!rme# 'y the at!ms !& ra#ius r. -Ans. G * 0.414 r / A r!# !& 1-ty1e Ce 10 mm "!n% an# 1 mm #iameter has a resistance !& 100 Ihm at 0 <. $a"cu"ate the c!ncentrati!n !& im1urity in it %i,en that 1 * 0.14 m2?.s. -Ans. 4.1A)1021?m3/ A materia" has a mean c!""isi!n time !& 10 s. $a"cu"ate the #ri&t ,e"!city ac7uire# 'y the e"ectr!ns in a &ie"# !& 10 .?m. Ans. 1A2 m?s. $a"cu"ate the #iama%netic susce1ti'i"ity !& %ermanium. - * 5.3 gm ? c.c.8 a,era%e e"ectr!nic ra#ius * 4.0 B8 at!mic (ei%ht * A2 an# at!mic num'er* 32 . -Ans. 1.34 10 3 / A 1arama%netic su'stance has 1023 at!m?m3. The ma%netic m!ment !& each at!m is 1.3x10-23 am1ere meter2. $a"cu"ate the 1arama%netic susce1ti'i"ity at 300<. -Ans: 3.23 J 10-4/ Ksin% the e&&ecti,e num'er !& B!hr ma%net!ns as 0.202 1er at!m &!r 0$$ >i (a * 3.52 B)8 ca"cu"ate the saturati!n ma%neti+ati!n &!r it at 0<. Ans. 5.15 ) 105 A?m.

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1A.

P.T.O The $urie tem1erature !& ir!n is 1043<. Assume that ir!n at!ms8 (hen in the meta""ic &!rm8 ha,e m!ments !& t(! B!hr ma%net!n 1er at!m. Ir!n has '!#y-centere# cu'ic structure (ith "attice 1arameter8 a *0.232 nm. $a"cu"ate (a) the saturati!n ma%neti+ati!n (') the curie c!nstant (c) the mean &ie"# c!nstant (#) the ma%nitu#e !& the interna" &ie"#. -Ans: (a) 15.3 X105Am-1 (') 0.22 (c) 1530 (#) 3135 Tes"a/ The critica" tem1erature Tc &!r mercury (ith is!t!1ic mass 144.5 is 4.135 K . $a"cu"ate the critica" tem1erature (hen its is!t!1ic mass chan%es t! 203.4. -Ans. 4.134 K / $a"cu"ate the critica" current8 (hich can &"!( thr!u%h a "!n% thin su1erc!n#uctin% (ire !& A" !& #iameter 10 4 m . The critica" ma%netic &ie"# &!r A" is A.4 10 3 amp ? m. -Ans. 24.302A / A ni!'ium (>') (ire has a ra#ius !& 3.00 mm an# is at a tem1erature 4.5 <. 6hat is the ma)imum current the (ire can carry an# remain su1erc!n#uctin%9 0!r >'8 the critica" tem1erature is 4.22 < an# critica" ma%netic &ie"# at 0 < is 0.144 T. -Ans. 2.23 ) 103 A/ 0!r V3Ga the critica" &ie"#s are 1.4 10 5 amp ? m an# 4.2 10 5 amp ? m &!r 14 K an# 13K . $a"cu"ate the transiti!n tem1erature an# $ritica" &ie"#s at 0 K an# 4.2 K . -Ans. 14.5 K ..20.A A ? m813.4 A ? m / =stimate the ener%y %a1 &!r ni!'ium at T * 0 <8 an# &in# the ma)imum 1h!t!n (a,e"en%th nee#e# t! 'rea: the $!!1er 1air. Tc !& ni!'ium is 4.25 <. =)1erimenta" ,a"ue !& 'an# %a1 is 3.05 me.. Ans. 2.32 me.8 4.34 ) 10-4m

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