B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC NNG NGHIP H NI Phm Tin Dng

THIT K TH NGHIM V X L KT QU Bng phn mm thng k IRRISTAT

H ni 2008

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y l cun sch hng dn thc hnh trn my vi tnh phn tch cc kt qu thc nghim trong nng nghip bng IRRISTAT 4.0 trong Window. Vi cch ch dn ngn gn dng nhiu hnh nh minh ho cc bc c th nn rt tin cho ngi s dng. c bit l vi nhng ngi khng am hiu nhiu v my tnh cng nh kin thc v thng k cng c th s dng c. Sch rt cn thit cho sinh vin v cc nghin cu vin nng nghip trong nghin cu, thit k th nghim v x l cc kt qu th nghim ca h. Ni dung c bn gm 5 Chng Chng 1: Gii thiu khi qut nhng ni dung v chc nng c bn ca IRRISTAT 4.0 trong Window. Chng 2: Gii thiu cch qun l s liu trong IRRISTAT 4.0. Chng 3: Thit k th nghim Chng 4: Phn tch phng sai cc kt qu th nghim Chng 5: Phn tch tng quan v hi quy Chng 1v 2 c dch t Tutorial Manual ca IRRISTAT 4.0 for Windows do Biometric Unit ca Internationnal Rice Research Institute bin son. Cc chng 3, 4, 5 tc gi a cc v d c th v hng dn cch thc hin trn my tnh cho mi trng hp thit k v phn tch kt qu chy c. y l cc v d mu cho ngi hc lm theo trn IRRISTAT 4.0 cng nh 5.0 Trong khun kh v iu kin cn nhiu hn ch, khng trnh khi nhng thiu st trong bin son. Rt mong nhn c nhiu kin ng gp qu bu ca bn c.

Tc gi

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.i

LI GII THIU IRRISTAT l b chng trnh x l s liu thng k ca Vin nghin cu la Quc t. y l b chng trnh quen thuc vi cc cn b ngnh trng trt, phc v thit thc cho vic b tr th nghim v x l kt qu nghin cu v la v cc cy trng khc. Ni dung v cch dng IRRISTAT ver. 92-1 c gii thiu trong tp sch tin hc cho Cao hc cc ngnh sinh hc ca trng i hc Nng nghip IRRISTAT lc gm cc phn: 1.B tr th nghim trn ng rung vi 4 kiu chnh: hon ton ngu nhin (RCD), khi ngu nhin (RCB), chia (Split-plot), chia bng (Strip-plot). Mi kiu c th c 1, 2 hoc nhiu nhn t (ngoi khi coi l mt nhn t dc bit, thc cht l mt hn ch do iu kin khng th la chn nhiu th nghim ng nht). Phn ngy gip cho vic tht k cc th nghim nh chia khi, chn kch thc , sp xp ngu nhin cc theo yu cu ca kiu th nghim. 2.Phn tch phng sai 4 kiu th nghim trn, ngoi ra cn c 2 phn Pooled ANOVA v Combined ANOVA lin kt cc kt qu th nghim trn nhiu vng, qua nhiu nm hoc cn o nhiu t. Sau khi phn tch phng sai c th so snh cc trung bnh qua 2 phng php chnh l LSD v Duncan, c th i su hn nh gi mt s kt qu thng qua phng php lp cc tng phn. Phn ny vit t m st vi ni dung Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research ca Kwanchai A.Gomez & Arturo A.Gomez ca vin nghin cu la quc t. 3.Tng quan, hi quy tuyn tnh v a thc. Phn ny c phn tch hi quy n, hi quy bi tuyn tnh, hi quy a thc, sau khi tnh cc h s hi quy c bng phn tch phng sai v phn tch phn d. 4.Mt s tin ch qun l s liu nh sao chp tp, bin i s liu. Nhn chung y l b s liu c trung bnh, thit thc cho phn tch s liu trong cc th nghim v cy trng. Tuy nhin, chng trnh cn nhiu nhc im nh chy rt chm, c qu nhiu cu hi m ngi dng nu khng c hng dn y hoc khng c ti liu chi tit th khng dng c, phn tr gip hu nh khng c, v th s v xu, ni dung hp (ch bao gm nhng vn c s ca mn thng k sinh hc) cha p ng c cc yu cu mi trong nghin cu nng nghip. B chng trnh IRRISTAT ver 4.0 l mt bc nhy vt v chuyn hon ton sang chy di Windows vi nhiu ni dung mi. C th gii thiu nhng nt mi chnh nh sau: 1. Ton b chng trnh hot ng di dng cc Menu theo ng khuynh hng chung ca cc chng trnh chy di Windows. 2. Cc d liu c truy nhp d dng v thun tin hn trc nhiu. 3. B chng trnh gi li phn phn tch phng sai nh c nhng tng qut hn phn chia thnh trng hp cn i v phn hi quy tng qut vi hnh v p nh cc b chng trnh thng k khc, ngoi ra b sung nhiu phn mi nh phn tch nh hng ca ging v mi trng, phn tch tnh n nh, mt s vn nh lng trong phn tch gen v phn chia nhm theo mt s m hnh.
Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.ii

Ton b cc phn mi ny rt cn thit cho vic nhin cu su hn v ging v nh hng ca mi trng. Phn chia nhm theo mt s m hnh mang tnh phc ho, tim cch ng dng mt s m hnh thng k nhiu chiu xem xt s gn gi ca mt s ging hay ca mt s mi trng. Tuy c rt nhiu u im nhng y mi ch l bc u chuyn sang chy di Windows nn cn mt s thiu st, khng thun tin v tng qut nh cc b SAS, SPSS. V ni dung tuy b sung thm nhiu phn nhng vn ch tp trung xung quanh vic nh gi ging v mi trng. Phn tr gip ngho nn khng tho mn c cho ngi dng khi gp kh khn. Trn y l mt s nhn xt chung v b chng trnh IRRISTAT bn c c mt s nim tuy s lc nhng khi qut v IRRISTAT. Sch ny khng nhm gii thiu tng qut v IRRISTAT m tp trung vo 2 phn: (1) Gii thiu cch dng IRRISTAT ver 4.0 v (2) Dng IRRISTAT thit k v phn tch mt s mu phn tch phng sai v hi quy hay gp trong nghin cu cy trng. Phn gii thiu c son t m theo ti liu hng dn cch dng IRRISTAT ver 4.0 do b phn Biometric ca Vin la Quc t bin son. Qua vic gii thiu cc loi ca s (ca s chnh, ca s qun l d liu, ca s vn bn, ca s ho) chng ta c th hnh dung ra cch lm vic vi IRRISTAT. Trong mi ca s c cc cng vic (menu) v trn mn hnh s xut hin nhiu loi cng c nh cc nt iu khin, nt tu chn, cc hp danh sch, hp kim sot, hp son tho Vic s dng cc menu, cc nt cc hp c gii thiu k lng vi cc hnh minh ho rt c th. Trong phn II tc gi chn mt s mu thit k th nghim thng gp trong nghin cu cy trng c km theo v d v kt qu x l trn IRRISTAT ver 4.0. i vi th nghim mt nhn t c 4 kiu thit k: 1. Th nghim mt nhn t thit k kiu hon ton ngu nhin (CRD). 2. Th nghim mt nhn t thit k kiu khi ngu nhin y (RCB). 3. Th nghim mt nhn t b tr kiu vung La tinh (LS). 4. Th nghim mt nhn t b tr kiu li vung (Lattice design). Tr kiu li vung c gii thiu k hn cn 3 kiu u th ch cp s qua v c nhiu ti liu hng dn v c dy trong gio trnh phng php th nghim. i vi th nghim 2 nhn t c 4 kiu thit k: 1. Th nghim 2 nhn t kiu hon ton ngu nhin (CRD) 2. Th nghim 2 nhn t kiu khi ngu nhin y (RCB). 3. Th nghim 2 nhn t kiu chia ln nh (Split-plot). 4. Th nghim 2 nhn t kiu chia bng (Strip-plot). C 4 kiu ny u c gii thiu k v cc ti liu khc hoc khng vit k hoc khng nu r l do phi thit k nh vy km theo vic phn tch u khuyt ca tng kiu. i vi th nghim 3 nhn t tc gi gii thiu 2 kiu quen thuc l RCB v chia ln va nh (Split-split-plot). Ngoi cc kiu thit k th nghim ni trn tc gi chn 2 vn ang c nhiu ngi quan tm l phn tch s liu khi thit k trn nhiu a im v khi thit k qua nhiu nm. Phn tch hi quy gm:
Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.iii

- Hi quy tuyn tnh n. Phn ny c gi quen v c th nhanh chng hiu c cc kt qu phn tch. - Hi quy bi tuyn tnh. Phn ny c gii thiu k hn v phc tp v c nhiu chi tit cn phi ni r khng phm phi sai lm khi s dng cc kt qu phn tch. Hin nay sinh vin cc nghnh k thut nng nghip khi cy trng u c hc tin hc, xc sut thng k, phng php th nghim vi khi lng gi v kin thc trnh by khng nh nhng thiu mt ti liu hng dn t m vic dng mt b chng trnh thng k x l s liu. Ti hy vng cun sch ny s p ng c yu cu ca ng o bn c. Nh gio u t Nguyn nh Hin

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.iv

Chng 1
GII THIU C BN V IRRISTAT 4.0
IRRITAT l chng trnh phn mm my tnh c vit ti IRRI (Vin ghin cu la quc t ti Philippine) qua nhiu phin bn khc nhau, cc phin bn trc y thng chy trong mi trng DOS, s dng km thun tin, phin bn 4.0 ny chy c trong mi trng Window nn s dng thun tin hn. IRRISTAT c chc nng chnh thit k th nghim, qun l v phn tch thng k c bn, phn tch phng sai v hi qui cc s liu thc nghim thu c trong nghin cu khoa hc. Chng trnh c th chy trong bt k h thng hot ng no ca Window 32 bt. Khi ci t chng trnh vo my, hy chy file SETUP. EXE. trn a ci t. Khi khi ng chng trnh, chy file IRRISTAT. EXE. hoc kch chut vo biu tng c ci t, xem biu tng trn hnh 1.1. Hin nay phn mm ny c phin bn 5.0 xong v c bn khng khc nhiu. Vy cho mc ch ca sch ngi c c th s dng c hai phin bn nh nhau trn c s gii thiu ca sch ny.

Hnh 1.1. Biu tng Shortcut ca IRRISTAT trn mn hnh. IRRISTAT c bin son ch yu thit k th nghim, phn tch cc s liu thu c t mt th nghim c thit k v thc hin ng phng php, nhng c nhiu ni dung c th s dng phn tch s liu t cc ngun nghin cu khc. Cc m hnh phn tch chnh v chc nng khc nhau bao gm: 1. Qun l s liu bng spreadsheet 2. Trang ghi kt qu 3. Phn tch phng sai
Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..1

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Phn tch hi qui Phn tch nh hng ca ging v mi trng Phn tch di truyn s lng Phn tch theo nhm V th Ngu nhin ha s th nghim, phng sai ca trung bnh nhiu nhn t v a thc trc giao.

1.1. Cc ca s Window 1.1.1. Cc menu chnh ca Window (Main Window) Ca s chnh ca Window s cung cp cho ngi s dng cc menu v cc thanh cng c nh hnh 1.2.

Hnh 1.2. Cc menu chnh ca Window 1.1.2. Ca s qun l s liu (Data Editor) m c ca s data editor, chn Window trn ca s chnh xong kch p chut vo data editor, data editor s c m nh hnh 1.3.

Hnh 1.3. Ca s qun l s liu (data editor)

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..2

Data editor trnh by s liu di dng hng v ct. Mi hng l mt trng hp v mi ct l mt bin. C th ghi s liu mi vo hng, ct hoc c th nhp s liu t file ca trang vn bn hoc file excel v dbase. Mt lc c th m ng thi mt hoc nhiu file s liu. S file c m nhiu hay t tu thuc kh nng nh ca my tnh. V d bng s liu trong data editor nh sau (Hnh 1.4):

Hnh 1.4. Bng s liu c lu tr trong Data editor 1.1.3. Text Editor (Thng l ca s qun l file kt qu) c text editor, cng chn t menu Window trong ca s chnh xong chn text editor s c text editor m nh hnh 1.5.

Hnh 1.5. Ca Text editor

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..3

V d kt qu tnh ton ghi trong text editor nh 1.6:

Hnh 1.6. Kt qu phn tch lu li trong Text editor 1.1.4. Ca s v th (Graph Window) M ca s ny t trong menu Analysis ca ca s chnh Window nh hnh 1.7 di dy

Hnh 1.7. Ca s v th (Graph Window) V d mt th c v trong Graph Window nh hnh 1.8 sau y:

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..4

Hnh 1.8. th c v trong Graph Window 1.2. Cc menu (menus) Mi ca ca Window trong IRRISTAT c cc menu ring v c cc la chn thch hp vi chc nng ring ca chng. 1.2.1. Cc menu chnh ca Window - Menu File (hnh 1.9): c dng m file, cng c th dng data editor hoc text editor m file (tu thuc vo kiu file), cng c th dng save the log file, save-as the log file hoc c th in the log file t menu ny.

Hnh 1.9. Menu File trn Main Window - Menu Edit (hnh 1.10): c s dng cut, copy, past hoc xo Log window
Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..5

Hnh 1.10. Menu Edit trn Main Window - Menu Analysis (hnh 1.11): c s dng chy cc phn tch thng k, bao gm cc thng k m t, phn tch phng sai, phn tch hi qui, phn tch tng tc gen v mi trng ca cc th nghim ging cy trng, phn tch di truyn s lng, phn tch phn bit cc ni nghin cu, phn tch mu phn lp v v th.

Hnh 1.11. Menu Analysis trn Main Window - Menu Utinities (hnh 1.12): c s dng xy dng thit k th nghim, to cc th nghim tng qut c trung bnh bnh phng v cc h s tng phn a thc trc giao.
Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..6

Hnh 1.12. Menu Utinities trn Main Window - Menu Window (hnh 1.13): c s dng thay i cc ca Window khc nhau trong IRRISTAT hoc sp xp li cc trnh by ca Window.

Hnh 1.13. Menu Window trn Main Window 1.2.2. Ca Data Editor - Trong Data Editor c th s dng menu File (hnh 1.14) xy dng, ct gi, m li file v in file s liu, nhp s liu t Excel Workbook, t Text file v Dbase file, v a s liu t file c ui SYS sang Excel hoc Text file.

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..7