Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs) For Anfs Analysis in Oilseed Brassicas
Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs) For Anfs Analysis in Oilseed Brassicas
R. Font, M. del Ro & A. De Haro-Bailn Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Departa ento de Agrono a ! Me"ora #en$tica %egetal, Finca Ala eda del &bispo s'n, ()*+* ,rdoba, Spain. -- ail. de/aro0cica.es
Summary
Oilseed Brassicas are grown primarily for the oil and protein contained in seed making them of great value for human and animal nutrition, and also for industry. However, the antinutritive factors (ANFs) contained in the oil (erucic acid) and meal (glucosinolates and fi re), makes Brassica seed unaccepta le for human and animal nutrition. !tandard methods for ANFs analysis are e"pensive and time#consuming. $n contrast, Near $nfrared %eflectance !pectroscopy (N$%!) is a rapid, non#destructive and economical method of analysis that works without the use of ha&ardous chemicals. $n this paper, we test the possi ilities of N$%! for determining ANFs on the intact Brassica sp. seed. 'he r( and %)* shown y the e+uations for erucic acid (,A), glucosinolates (-!.) and acid detergent fi re (A*F) in the e"ternal validation were, respectively, as follows/ 0.12 and 3.(4 (5 oil)6 0.4( and (.24 7mol g#2 dw6 0.43 and (.80 (5 dw). 'he results o tained in this work indicate that N$%! is a le to predict ANFs in the Brassica seed with sufficient accuracy for screening purposes. 1e!2ords. Brassicas, 3IRS, erucic acid, ADF, glucosinolates
Introduction
'he germination capacity of Brassica seeds to germinate and plant resistance to low temperatures, have made Brassica oilseeds one of the few edi le oil crops that can e cultivated in the temperate agricultural &ones of the world, at high elevations and, as winter crops, under relatively cool growing conditions (9im er : ;c-regor, 211<). !pecies such as ,thiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. =raun) and $ndian mustard (Brassica "uncea .. >&ern. : >oss.) are a le to grow under environmental stress conditions in high temperature climates, and can e cultivated as oilseed crops in ;editerranean conditions (Fereres et al, 2143). 'he seed of Brassica oilseeds is mainly used for the high oil and meal contents. Among the different uses of the oil are the edi le oils and margarines for human consumption, and the industrial use, mainly as engine lu ricants and additives, as well as its use in the plastic and nylon industries. On the other hand, their meal is a good source of protein in human and animal nutrition. However, Brassica oil and meal contain antinutritive factors (ANFs) that make them unaccepta le for these purposes. 'he main ANFs in the Brassica seeds are the erucic acid (,A) of the oil, and the glucosinolates (-!.) and fi re of the meal. 'he standard methods of analysis used for determining these ANFs are e"pensive, time#consuming and re+uires specialised personnel. 'his makes the analysis of large num ers of seed samples difficult for monitoring ANFs, as is re+uired in plant reeding programs. $n the last 30 years, Near $nfrared %eflectance !pectroscopy (N$%!) has een widely used as a fast and accurate method for +ualitative and +uantitative analysis in many fields (?illiams : Norris, 214@). 'he *epartment of Agronomy and )lant =reeding (*A)=) of the $nstitute for !ustaina le Agriculture ($A!, >!$>, >Ardo a), has een using N$%! for the last
fifteen years to determine the seed +uality components in different plant species (*e Haro et al, 21416 Belasco et al, 211(6 Font et al, 2114, (00(). 'he most attractive features of analysis using N$%! are its speed, minimal sample preparation and its non#destructive nature thus making it possi le to analyse large num ers of samples +uickly. 'he o Cective of this work was to test the potential of N$%! for determining the ,A, -!. and acid detergent fi re (A*F) contents of intact Brassicas seeds.
a ility of the different e+uations o tained for each parameter was evaluated attending their coefficients of determination in the e"ternal validation (r () and ratio of the standard deviation (!*) to standard error of prediction (!,)), which is known as %)* (?illiams : !o ering, 211F).
,A2 -! .( A* F3
2 (
!onclusions
%esults reported in this work show that N$%! is a le to determine the ,A, -!. and A*F contents on intact seed samples of Brassica with sufficient accuracy for screening and plant reeding purposes. 'he use of this non destructive techni+ue represents an important reduction of the analysis time at a low cost and without the use of ha&ardous chemicals.
References
2. (. 3. 8. Association of Official Analytical >hemists. 2110. AOA> method 141.03. $n/ &77icial Met/ods o7 Anal!sis. 9. Helrich (,d.). Fifteenth edition. Arlington, Birginia, G!A. Bol. (, pp @42#@4(. =iston %, *ardenne ), >wikowski ;, ;arlier ;, !everin ;, ?athelet K ). 2144. Fast analysis of rapeseed glucosinolates y near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. A.A.&.,.S. F<, 2<11#2F00. *avis K =, Hall ; H, ,ckert K ?, >orsini K A, Auld * . 2112. >omparison of near# infrared reflectance analy&es with -> analy&es of glucosinolate concentration in rapeseed. -ucarpia ,ruci7erae 3e2sletter 28-2<,2(0#2(2. *e Haro A, .Ape&#;edina K, >a rera A, ;artLn A. 2141. *etermination of tannin in the seeds of %icia 7aba y N$%. $n/ Recent Ad6ances o7 Researc/ in Antinutritional Factors in =egu e Seeds. K Huisman (,d.). ' F = van der )oel : $ , .iener. )udoc. ?ageningen. pp (1@#300. Fereres ,, FernMnde&#;artLne& K ;, ;ingue& N, *omLngue& K. 2143. )roductivity of Brassica "uncea and Brassica carinata in relation to rapeseed, B. napus. $. Agronomic studies. $n/ Broc. :t/ Int. Rapeseed ,ongr. )aris, France, pp (13#(14. Font %, *el %io ;, FernMnde&#;artLne& K ;, *e Haro A. 2114. -ucarpia ,ruci7erae 3e2sletter (0, F@#F4. Font %, *el %Lo ;, FernMnde&, K, Arthur ,, =ancroft $, >hinoy >, ;organ >, *e Haro A. (00(. !eed oil content analysis of ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. =raun) y near infrared spectroscopy. -ucarpia ,ruci7erae 3e2sletter (8, <#F. Font %, *el %Lo ;, FernMnde&#;artLne& K ;, *e Haro A. (003. Acid detergent fi er analysis in oilseed rassicas y near infra#red spectroscopy. Aournal o7 Agricultural and Food ,/e istr! <2(20), (12@#(1((. -arcDs %, ;ancha ;. 2113. One step lipid e"traction and fatty acid methyl esters preparation from fresh plant tissues. Anal. Bioc/e . (22, 231#283 9im er * !, ;c-regor * $. 211<. 'he species and their origin, cultivation and world production. $n/ Brassica &ilseeds. Broduction and CtiliDation . * ! 9im er : * $ ;c-regor (,ds.). >A= $nternational. pp 2#@. Euinsac A : %i aillier *. 214<. Euantitative analysis of glucosinolates in rapeseed seeds. Optimi&ation of desulphatation. $n/ Ad6ances in t/e Broduction and CtiliDation o7 ,ruci7erous 2it/ Special - p/asis to &ilseed Rape . ?orld crops/ )roduction, Gtili&ation, *escription. Bolume 22. H. !orensen (,d.). pp 4<#1F. !henk K !, ?esterhaus ; O. 211F. >ali ration the $!$ way. $n/ 3ear in7rared spectroscop!. 4/e 7uture 2a6es. A ; > *avies : ) > ?illiams (,ds.). N$% pu lications/ >hichester, G9, pp 214#(0(.
2(.
23. 28.
?illiams ) >, Norris 9 H. 214@. Near#infrared 'echnology in the Agricultural and Food $ndustries. ) > ?illiams : 9 H Norris (,ds.). American Association of >ereal >hemists $nc., !t. )aul, ;N. ?illiams ) >, !o ering * >. 211F. How do we do it/ a rief summary of the methods we use in developing near infrared cali rations. $n/ 3ear In7rared Spectroscop!. 4/e Future Ea6es. *avies A ; > and ?illiams ) > (,ds). Nir )u lications/ >hichester, G.9.6 pp 24<#244.