Vitamin D

Karen Hayes HW499 Unit 4 project Professor Hennington April 20, 2014

Introduction
Vitamins supplements are substances that every individuals body will need to grow and develop normally. Vitamin D supplements is also called sunshine vitamin, because of ultraviolet rays of the sun hitting the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis. The older adult population is not educated on the importance of consuming vitamin D supplement or the choice of eating a healthier diet. I would like to be able to educate the older population about vitamin D and the role it may play as they age and become deficient in vitamin D.

What is Vitamin D?
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is present in a few foods and is also available as a dietary supplement. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble that is stored in the bodys fatty tissue. (National Library of Medicine, 2014)

Lecture note: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble that helps the body adsorb calcium, the two minerals that are essential for normal bone formation is calcium and phosphate. (National Library of Medicine, 2014)

Risk factors for Vitamin D

Heart disease increased risk of osteopenia

adult older than age 65

anemia people with dark skin not enough vitamin D in their diet may not get enough of sunlight, so their body can produce it Insulin resistance High blood pressure Immune function Inactivity Osteomalacia Cancer
Lecture: Some of the risk factor as listed for older adults that may occur, over a period of time. The older adult population tends to become vitamin D deficiency most likely they tend to fall in some of the categories listed.

Why is Vitamin D Important?

It promotes calcium absorption in the gut, which may maintain adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone. Prevent hypocalcaemia tentany. Vitamin D is needed for health, to maintain strong bones, and to prevent life threatening falls and fractures. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium from food and supplements. Immune system needs vitamin D possibly to fight off bacteria and viruses. Vitamin D with calcium helps to protect older adults from osteoporosis. Vitamin D is found in cells all throughout the body.

Lecture note: older adult who get very little vitamin D, usually develops soft, thin and brittle bones. A condition called osteomalacia that develops in older adults. Throughout the body of an individual vitamin D is found in cells. People over 65 years old usually have higher vitamin D deficiency. 40% of older adults living in sunny climates still do not have enough of vitamin D in their system, and the live in South Florida.

People of different age groups can become deficient in vitamin D as they age, there are many reasons:
Their skin is less able to get vitamin D from blood. Their skin is unable to make vitamin D when exposed to sunlight. They tend to spend less time outdoors. They might have trouble absorbing vitamin even if they do not get their diet. They tend to have more trouble converting vitamin D to useful form because of aging kidneys.

Lecture note: New research states that vitamin D acts on many tissues throughout the body, and may play a role in preventing various chronic conditions.

Table 3: Selected Food Sources of Vitamin D [11] Food IUs per serving* Percent DV** Cod liver oil, 1 tablespoon 1,360 340 Swordfish, cooked, 3 ounces 566 142 Salmon (sockeye), cooked, 3 ounces 447 112 Tuna fish, canned in water, drained, 3 ounces 154 39 Orange juice fortified with vitamin D, 1 cup (check product labels, as amount of added vitamin D varies) 137 34 Milk, nonfat, reduced fat, and whole, vitamin D-fortified, 1 cup 115124 29-31 Yogurt, fortified with 20% of the DV for vitamin D, 6 ounces (more heavily fortified yogurts provide more of the DV) 80 20 Margarine, fortified, 1 tablespoon 60 15 Sardines, canned in oil, drained, 2 sardines 46 12 Liver, beef, cooked, 3 ounces 42 11 Egg, 1 large (vitamin D is found in yolk) 41 10 Ready-to-eat cereal, fortified with 10% of the DV for vitamin D, 0.75-1 cup (more heavily fortified cereals might provide more of the DV) 40 10 Cheese, Swiss, 1 ounce

(USA.gov, 2014)
Lecture notes: The few foods that are name are sources of vitamin D, although it can be difficult to get enough vitamin D food. With individual not getting enough of vitamin D it is recommend that take a vitamin D supplement. In American diet fortified foods provide most of the vitamin D, such as milk, some ready to eat breakfast cereals (oatmeal), some brands of orange juice, yogurt, and margarine. .

012 months* (10 mcg) 400 IU (10 mcg) 113 years 600 IU (15 mcg) 600 IU (15 mcg) 1418 years 600 IU (15 mcg) 600 IU (15 mcg) 600 IU (15 mcg) 600 IU (15 mcg) 1950 years 600 IU (15 mcg) 600 IU (15 mcg) 600 IU (15 mcg) 600 IU (15 mcg) 5170 years 600 IU (15 mcg) 600 IU (15 mcg) >70 years 800 IU (20 mcg) 800 IU (20 mcg) * Adequate Intake (AI) Several food sources of vitamin D are listed in Table 3.

Table 2: Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin D [1] Age Male Female Pregnancy Lactation 400 IU

Table 3: Selected Food Sources of Vitamin D [11] Food IUs per serving* Percent DV** Cod liver oil, 1 tablespoon 1,360 340 Swordfish, cooked, 3 ounces 566 142 Salmon (sockeye), cooked, 3 ounces 447 112 Tuna fish, canned in water, drained, 3 ounces 154 39 Orange juice fortified with vitamin D, 1 cup (check product labels, as amount of added vitamin D varies) 137 34 Milk, nonfat, reduced fat, and whole, vitamin D-fortified, 1 cup 115-124 29-31 Yogurt, fortified with 20% of the DV for vitamin D, 6 ounces (more heavily fortified yogurts provide more of the DV) 80 20 Margarine, fortified, 1 tablespoon 60 15 Sardines, canned in oil, drained, 2 sardines 46 12 Liver, beef, cooked, 3 ounces 42 11 Egg, 1 large (vitamin D is found in yolk) 41 10 Ready-to-eat cereal, fortified with 10% of the DV for vitamin D, 0.75-1 cup (more heavily fortified cereals might provide more of the DV) 40 10 Cheese, Swiss, 1 ounce

http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/

My recommendation for vitamin D for older adult population (Order of the Eastern Stars)
I would recommend try and get 10 to 15 minutes of sunshine three times weekly this would be enough .You would need the sun to shine on the skin of your face ,arms, back and legs.(without sunscreen). Although too much exposure to sunlight you may be a risk for skin cancer. You can get vitamin D through some food sources; research the website that I have provided to fine great resources. (USA.gov, 2014)

Precautions for the use of Vitamin D

Using to many supplements can cause vitamin D toxicity.
Access vitamin D uses

Older Adults nutrient needs

Calcium and Vitamin D (1,000mg and 20mcg) Vitamin B12 (2.4mcg) Fiber (20-35g daily) Potassium (4,700 mg)
Lecture note: calcium and vitamin D for older adults helps to maintain bone health. Older adult than 50 normally do not get enough of vitamin B12, Fiber lower the risk for heart disease, prevent type 2 diabetes and control your weight. Increasing potassium and reducing sodium may lower the risk for high blood pressure.

What educational resources are available for vitamin D in the older adults?
http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/

This website provides informative information, such as the introduction on what is vitamin D, health risks from excessive vitamin, interactions with medications, vitamin intake and status, and sources of vitamin D. http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/nutrition-andhealthy-eating/expert-answers/vitamin-d-deficiency/faq20058397
This website provides information what are the risks of vitamin D deficiency.

References
Academy of Nutriton and Dietetics. (2014, April 21). Special Nutrient Needs of Older Adults. Retrieved from www.eatright.org: http://www.eatright.org/Public/content.aspx?id=6839
National Library of Medicine. (2014, April 20). Vitamin D. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002405.htm: www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus USA.gov. (2014, April 21). Vitamin D. Retrieved from ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/#h1: http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/#h1 WebMD, LLC. (2014, April 21). Find a Vitamin or Supplement. Retrieved from www.webmd.com: http://www.webmd.com/vitaminssupplements/ingredientmono-929VITAMIN%20D.aspx?activeIngredientId=929&activeIngredientName=V ITAMIN%20D