Singly-Reinforced Beam Analysis Example

CEE 3150 Reinforced Concrete Design Your ofce is designing a simply supported beam subject to the loading shown below. The point load is a live load with P = 15 kip, the distributed loads are wD = 0.7 kip/ft and wL = 1.2 kip/ft. The span length is L = 30 ft. Your co-worker has given you the beam design shown below to check. Material strengths are: fc = 4 kip/in2 , fy = 60 kip/in2 . Is the beam adequate?
16"

P L/2 w , wL D

24" 6 #8

26"

29"

1. Factor Loads, Compute Mu We will compute the maximum factored load, Mu , by considering the distributed and point loads separately. The service (unfactored) distributed dead load, wD , is less than eight times the distributed live load, wL , and there are no other load types, so equation (9-2) of {ACI 9.2.1} controls when calculating the factored distributed load, wu : wu = 1.2wD + 1.6wL = 1.2(0.7 kip/ft) + 1.6(1.2 kip/ft) = 2.8 kip/ft (1)

For a constant distributed load, the maximum moment occurs at midspan. We are interested in the worst case, so this is the moment that will be used as the factored load, Mu,dist : Mu,dist = 2.8 kip/ft(30 ft)2 wu L2 = = 311 kipft 8 8 (2)

Considering just the live point load, the shear and moment diagrams are:
P/2 Shear L/2 L/2 P / 2 Moment Mmax= PL / 4

The maximum moment occurs at midspan just as with the distributed loading and is equal to P L/4. To get the maximum factored load, use Pu = 1.6P in place of P : Mu,point = Pu L (1.6P )L 1.6(15 kip)30 ft = = = 180 kipft 4 4 4 1 (3)

The total factored moment is the sum of the factored moments from the distributed loading and the point loading in Equation 2 and Equation 3, respectively. Mu = Mu,dist + Mu,point = 311 kipft + 180 kipft = 491 kipft 2. Check minimum steel. Use a weighted average to determine d: d= 4(26 in) + 2(24 in) = 25.3 in 6 (5) (4)

Now calculate As and ensure it is more than the minimum. As = 6(0.79 in2 ) = 4.74 in2 3 fc 3 4, 000 lb/in2 As,min = bw d = 16 in(25.3 in) = 1.28 in2 < As fy 60, 000 lb/in2 200bw d 200 lb/in2 (16 in)(25.3 in) = = 1.35 in2 < As fy 60, 000 lb/in2 The steel area, As , is greater than both required minimums from the code. 3. Compute T , C , a, c. Assuming the steel has yielded: T = fy As = 60 kip/in2 (4.74 in2 ) = 284 kip (9) (6) (7) (8)

By equilibrium, C = T . Calculating the compressive force, C , as the equivalent force from the concrete compressive stress: C = 0.85fc ab (10) Solving for a: a= C T 284 kip = = = 5.2 in 0.85fc b 0.85fc b 0.85(4 kip/in2 )(16 in) (11)

For 4,000 psi concrete, 1 = 0.85: c= 4. Check minimum steel strain. c 6.2 in = = 0.237 0.375 dt 26 in (13) a 5.2 in = = 6.2 in 1 0.85 (12)

Section is tension-controlled. Thus, the steel has yielded as assumed in the previous step and the section meets minimum steel strain requirements of the code. 5. Compute Mn , check Mn Mu . For a tension-controlled section: = 0.9. Mn = T d Mn a 5.2 in 1 ft = 284 kip 25.3 in 2 2 12 in = 0.9(538 kipft) = 484 kipft < Mu = 491 kipft = 538 kipft (14) (15)

The beam is not adequateit should be redesigned for greater strength.