MD Nastran Elements 2

MD Nastran Elements
Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano
COORDINATE SYSTEMS IN PATRAN

Coordinate systems are used in the construction and
transformation of geometry
COORDINATE SYSTEMS IN PATRAN (CONT.)

Coordinate systems are also used to define the direction of
loads and boundary conditions
COORDINATE SYSTEMS IN PATRAN (CONT.)

Coordinate systems can also be used to define the analysis
coordinate system of a node
CREATING COORDINATE SYSTEMS

There are three types of coordinate systems: Rectangular,
Cylindrical, and Spherical There are many ways to create coordinate systems:
MD NASTRAN COORDINATE SYSTEMS

MD Nastran Coordinate systems are used to Define locations of grid points in space Orient each grid points displacement vector Coordinate systems in MD Nastran: Basic Coordinate System - Implicitly defined reference rectangular coordinate system (Coordinate System 0). Orientation of this system is defined by the user through specifying the components of grid point locations. Local Coordinate Systems - User-defined coordinate systems. Each local coordinate system must be related directly or indirectly to the basic coordinate system. The six possible local coordinate systems are: Rectangular CORD1R Rectangular CORD2R Cylindrical CORD1C Cylindrical CORD2C Spherical CORD1S Spherical CORD2S
Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano 7
MD NASTRAN COORDINATE SYSTEMS (Cont.)

MD Nastran Local Coordinate Systems:
The CORD1R, CORD1C, and CORD1S entries define a local
coordinate system by referencing the IDs of three existing grid points. The CORD2R, CORD2C, and CORD2S entries define a local coordinate system by specifying the vector components of three points. This is the format used by Patran. All angular coordinates are input in DEGREES. All rotational displacements associated with these coordinates are output in RADIANS.
MD NASTRAN RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM

Rectangular Local Coordinate System (X, Y, Z)
Point A Point B Point C Point P
= = = =
local coordinate system origin reference point for z axis direction reference point in the x-z plane grid point defined in local rectangular system
(ux, uy, uz) = displacement components of P in local system

MD NASTRAN CYLINDRICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM

Cylindrical Local Coordinate System (R, , Z)
= = = =
local coordinate system origin reference point for z axis direction reference point in the x-z plane grid point defined in local cylindrical system
(Ur, U, Uz) = displacement components of P in local system
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MD NASTRAN SPHERICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM Spherical Local Coordinate System (R, , )
= = = =
local coordinate system origin reference point for z axis direction reference point in the x-z plane grid point defined in local spherical system
(Ur, U, U) = displacement components of P in local system

MD NASTRAN COORDINATE SYSTEM ENTRIES
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DISPLAY OF COORDINATE SYSTEM 0
The tick mark represents the origin of the coordinate system 0
Coordinate system 0 is always displayed at the lower left-hand corner of the viewport
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CORD1X VS. CORD2X ENTRIES

By default, coordinate systems are
translated into MD Nastran CORD2X entries If Coordinate Frame Coordinates in the Translation Parameters form is set to reference nodes, then CORD1X is translated where applicable
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NESTED COORDINATE SYSTEMS

Creating nested coordinate systems
By default, the nested relationship is lost during translation to MD
Nastran If nested coordinate system is desired, the Coordinate Frame Coordinates in the Translation Parameters form needs to be set to reference frame.
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CREATE A RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM
Create a rectangular coordinate system which will be used later to define the direction of the applied load
Point 23 Point 16
Point 17
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GRID POINTS
Grid points are used to specify:
Structural geometry Degrees of freedom of the structure Locations of points at which displacements are constrained or loads
are applied Locations where output quantities are to be calculated
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DEGREES OF FREEDOM
Each grid point is capable of moving in six directions.
These are called degrees of freedom (DOF).

6 DOF1 DOF2 DOF3 DOF4 DOF5 DOF6 = = = = = = T1 = T2 = T3 = R1 = R2 = R3 = u1 u2 u3 1 2 3 = = = = = = translation in direction 1 translation in direction 2 translation in direction 3 rotation in direction 1 rotation in direction 2 rotation in direction 3 4
2 5
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DEGREES OF FREEDOM (Cont.)

For each grid point, all six degrees of freedom must be
accounted for:
Think in terms of 3D even if the problem is only 1D or 2D. Any un-used DOF must be constrained
6
1 4
2 5
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THE NASTRAN GRID ENTRY

The NASTRAN GRID entry is show below:
Field ID CP
Contents Grid point identification number Identification number of coordinate system in which the location of the grid point is defined (integer 0 or blank; default = basic coordinate system) Location of grid point in coordinate system CP (real) Identification number of coordinate system in which displacements, degrees of freedom, constraints, and solution vectors are defined at the grid point (integer 0 or blank; default = basic coordinate system). Permanent single-point constraints associated with grid point (any of the digits 1-6 with no embedded blanks) This method of constraining a structure is not recommended. Superelement ID
X1, X2, X3 CD
PS
SEID
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THE NASTRAN GRID ENTRY (Cont.)

Each GRID entry refers to two coordinate systems
The coordinate system in field 3 is used to locate the grid point. This
is called the positional coordinate system. The coordinate system in field 7 establishes the grid point displacement coordinate system which defines for the given grid point the directions of displacements, degrees of freedom, constraints, and solution vectors.
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THE GRID POINT DISPLACEMENT COORDINATE SYSTEM

The grid point displacement coordinate system:
The grid point displacement coordinate system is also known as the
output coordinate system because all grid point results (displacements, grid point forces, etc.) are generated and output in this coordinate system. The union of all displacement coordinate systems is called the global coordinate system.
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GRID POINT EXAMPLE

Grid points 10 and 20 are located on the aircraft fuselage as show
below. The GRID entry uses coordinate system 5 to define the location of the two points and uses coordinate system 0 to define the grid point displacements.
Basic coordinate system 0
Coordinate System 5 (cylindrical)
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GRID POINT EXAMPLE (Cont.)
Suppose we are interested in displacements and forces in the fuselage radial and tangential directions. We can accomplish this by changing field 7 of the GRID entries from coordinate system 0 to coordinate system 5.
Basic coordinate system 0
Coordinate System 5 (cylindrical)
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USING THE GRID POINT DISPLACEMENT COORDINATE SYSTEM

Examples of how the grid point displacement coordinate
system is used
CONSTRAINTS RIGID ELEMENTS
CLEARANCE
SPRINGS
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
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MATERIAL PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Linear analysis material types
Isotropic (MAT1) Two-dimensional anisotropic (MAT2) Axisymmetric solid orthotropic (MAT3) Two-dimensional orthotropic (MAT8) Three-dimensional anisotropic (MAT9)
Temperature-dependent material properties are defined
on MATTi entries.
27
MATERIAL PROPERTIES - MAT1

For purposes of this seminar, we will only deal with the
MAT1 entry This material definition is for Isotropic materials Minimum properties:

E - Youngs Modulus - Modulus for extension and bending G - Modulus for torsion and transverse shear - Poissons ratio If only 2 of the above 3 are provided, the following equation is used to calculate the value for the third:
For thermal stress analysis

A - Thermal expansion coefficient
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MATERIAL PROPERTIES - MAT1 (Cont.)
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MATERIAL PROPERTIES - MAT1 (Cont.)
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PART 2: 1D FINITE ELEMENT ENTITIES

In this section of the workshop, we will learn about:
Types of 1D elements available in Nastran Selection of appropriate elements for modeling tasks The Nastran CBAR element Bar Offsets Element coordinate systems Definition of 1D element properties Orientation for Bar and Beam elements Display of element cross section Manual input of sectional properties
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LOAD PATH IN TRUSS

Considering load paths in the truss assembly
The truss members must carry axial and lateral loads due to the way
they are loaded. Shear and bending moment will develop in the members as they are loaded laterally at locations between the truss joints as shown below. We must select an element type that is capable of resisting the shear forces and moments.
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COMMONLY USED 1-D ELEMENTS

Following are the most commonly used one-dimensional
elements in NASTRAN:
ROD BAR BEAM
Pin-ended rod (4 DOFs) Prismatic beam (12 DOFs) Straight beam with warping (14 DOFs)
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ELEMENT SELECTION
Guidelines on 1-D element selection:
In general, select the simplest element which gives you the correct
load path. More complex elements will still do the job, but may give you a lot of unwanted output. If only an axial load or torsional load is to be transmitted in an element, then the CROD or CONROD element is the best choice. If shear and moment are to be transmitted in an element, then the CBAR is the easiest element to use. Use the CBEAM element instead of the CBAR element for the following reasons:
Variable cross-section The neutral axis and shear center are not coincident The effect of cross-sectional warping on the torsional stiffness is significant The mass center of gravity and shear center are not coincident The effect of taper on the transverse shear stiffness (shear relief) is significant
ELEMENT SELECTION (Cont.)

For this problem we will use the CBAR element due to its
ability to transmit shear force and bending moment. The CBEAM element has additional capabilities which we dont need for this problem. The use of CBEAM will be demonstrated in the next section.
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THE CBAR ELEMENT

General Features of the CBAR Element
Connected to two grid points Formulation derived from classical beam theory (plane sections
remain plane under deformations) Includes optional transverse shear flexibility Neutral axis may be offset from the grid points (internally a rigid link is created) Principal moment of inertia axis need not coincide with element axis. Pin flag capability used to represent slotted joints, hinges, ball joints, etc.
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THE CBAR ELEMENT (Cont.)

General limitations on CBAR:
Straight, prismatic member (i.e., properties do not vary along the
length). Shear center and neutral axis must coincide (therefore, not recommended for modeling channel or angle sections). The effect of cross-sectional warping is neglected.
Displacement Components:
Six degrees of freedom at each end.
Force components:

Axial force P Torque T Bending moments about two perpendicular directions M1 and M2 Shears in two perpendicular directions V1 and V2
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CBAR element entry:
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CBAR element entry:
39

CBAR element entry:
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CBAR element coordinate system
Defined by the orientation vector V Orients input cross-sectional properties Orients output forces and stresses Orients pin flags
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CBAR Element Coordinate System
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CBAR Element Coordinate System with Offsets
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Following are two examples of when you might define the
CBAR element coordinate system orientation vector V with each of the two available options (G0 or X1, X2, X3).
If you are representing stringers on a fuselage with CBAR elements, your input will be minimized by using the G0 option to define the element coordinate system orientation vector V.
Example 1
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Example 2 To specify the orientation of the legs of a tripod modeled with CBAR elements as shown, it would be most efficient to use the components of a vector (X1, X2, X3) to define the orientation vector V since the orientation of each of the legs is unique.
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Note the 1 and 2 directions of this Section.
The "Bar Orientation" for these sections will be as shown.
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CBAR Offsets
The ends of the CBAR element can be offset from the Grid Points
(GA, GB) by specifying the components of offset vectors WA and WB on the CBAR entry. The offset vector is treated as a rigid link between the grid point and the end of the element. The element coordinate system is defined with respect to the offset ends of the bar element.
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Bar Offset Example
Centroid of Stiffener Stiffeners
Offset
Grid Points Thin sheet


The OFFT field
OFFT is a character string code that describes how the offset and
orientation vector components are to be interpreted. By default (string input is GGG or blank), the offset vectors are measured in the displacement coordinate systems at grid points A and B and the orientation vector is measured in the displacement coordinate system of grid point A. At user option, the offset vectors can be measured in an offset coordinate system relative to grid points A and B, and the orientation vector can be measured in the basic system as indicated in the following table:
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The OFFT field (Cont.)
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CBAR Pin Flags
The user specifies DOFs at either end of the bar element that are to
transmit zero force or moment. The pin flags PA and PB are specified in the element coordinate system and defined in fields 2 and 3 of the optional CBAR continuation.
Example: Pin flag applied to rotational DOF at this end of CBAR creates a hinged joint.

CBAR Element Properties entry:
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CBAR Element Properties entry (Cont.)
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CBAR Element Properties entry (Cont.)
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55
56
Shear Factor K
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Alternative CBAR Element Properties entry:
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PBARL cross-section types
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61

62

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BAR element internal forces and moments
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BAR element internal forces and moments
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EXAMINE RESULTS
Examine the .f06 file for element stresses
Minimum Combined
Maximum Combined
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EXAMINE RESULTS (Cont.)

Examine the .f06 file for element forces
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MD Nastran Elements 2

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MD Nastran Elements

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

COORDINATE SYSTEMS IN PATRAN

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

COORDINATE SYSTEMS IN PATRAN (CONT.)

loads and boundary conditions

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

COORDINATE SYSTEMS IN PATRAN (CONT.)

coordinate system of a node

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

CREATING COORDINATE SYSTEMS

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

MD NASTRAN COORDINATE SYSTEMS

MD NASTRAN COORDINATE SYSTEMS (Cont.)

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

MD NASTRAN RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM

Point A Point B Point C Point P

(ux, uy, uz) = displacement components of P in local system

MD NASTRAN CYLINDRICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM

Point A Point B Point C Point P

(Ur, U, Uz) = displacement components of P in local system

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

MD NASTRAN SPHERICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM Spherical Local Coordinate System (R, , )

Point A Point B Point C Point P

(Ur, U, U) = displacement components of P in local system

MD NASTRAN COORDINATE SYSTEM ENTRIES

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

DISPLAY OF COORDINATE SYSTEM 0

The tick mark represents the origin of the coordinate system 0

CORD1X VS. CORD2X ENTRIES

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

NESTED COORDINATE SYSTEMS

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

CREATE A RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM

are applied Locations where output quantities are to be calculated

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

These are called degrees of freedom (DOF).

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

DEGREES OF FREEDOM (Cont.)

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

THE NASTRAN GRID ENTRY

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

THE NASTRAN GRID ENTRY (Cont.)

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

THE GRID POINT DISPLACEMENT COORDINATE SYSTEM

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

GRID POINT EXAMPLE

Basic coordinate system 0

Coordinate System 5 (cylindrical)

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

GRID POINT EXAMPLE (Cont.)

Basic coordinate system 0

Coordinate System 5 (cylindrical)

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

USING THE GRID POINT DISPLACEMENT COORDINATE SYSTEM

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

MATERIAL PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Temperature-dependent material properties are defined

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

MATERIAL PROPERTIES - MAT1

For thermal stress analysis

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation Copy For Politecnico of Milano

MATERIAL PROPERTIES - MAT1 (Cont.)