The Primary & Language

Consciousness Hypothesis
Explains Spirituality & Religion
Frank Heile, PhD
Physics !egrees "rom Stan"or! an! #$T
"rank%heileorg
Consciousness Hypothesis
If an intelligent
&'(
agent)
Has goals,
Can sense the *orl!,
+n! makes representations an! mo!els o" the *orl!,
,
+n! makes representations an! mo!els o" the *orl!,
$s a-le to per"orm actions that change the *orl!,
+n! makes pre!ictions a-out *hether goals *ill -e achei.e!,
+n! makes representations an! mo!els o" the agent itsel",
/here the mo!el o" -oth the *orl! an! itsel" are sufficiently
rich, detailed and comprehensive,
Then the agent *ill -e conscious!
&'(
$ntelligence measures an agent0s a-ility to achie.e its goals in a *i!e range o" en.ironments
Consciousness Properties
The 1amount2 o" consciousness !epen!s on the ho*
complete the mo!els o" the *orl! an! itsel" are)
Such as ho* rich, !etaile! & comprehensi.e the mo!els are)
#ost Conscious 333333333333333333333333333333 Least Conscious
4
#ost Conscious 333333333333333333333333333333 Least Conscious
Humans,5Primates,5#ammals,5Reptiles,5$nsects,5Plants
The 1kind2 o" consciousness that !e.elops *ill !epen! on
the nature o" the representational system use! to mo!el the
*orl! an! itsel"
$" there are t*o su""iciently !i""erent representational systems or
mo!els, there *oul! -e t*o !i""erent conscious -eings
+ Human 6eing has T*o Di""erent
Representations o" the /orl! & $tsel")
Trees ha.e !i""erent si7es an! shapes
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Visual
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+ -ir! is singing a song
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!rimary #epresentational $ystem "anguage #epresentational $ystem
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Su-conscious perceptions that are not
reporta-le -y the language consciousness
+-stract thoughts that ha.e no e;ui.alent perceptual
representation in the primary consciousness
:
Auditory
%inesthetic
+ -ir! is singing a song
The cat0s "ur is so"t
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&I' < I am looking at trees *here I can
hear a -ir! is singing *hile I pet my cat
I think I *ill go to the store next /hy
!i! I say that to mom=
To different &$(")' representations
There"ore, T*o Consciousness Entities)
!rimary Consciousness "anguage Consciousness
+ncient &many millions o" years( >e* &a-out ?@ thousan! years ol!(
Primates an! many other animals ha.e this
consciousness
This consciousness seems to -e &almost=( uni;uely
human
#assi.ely parallel processing &senses as inputs &
internal representations(
Largely serial processing &the 1.oice2 al*ays talking
in your hea!(
High 6an!*i!th Lo* 6an!*i!th
$ntuiti.e, spatial, concrete thought, music, art, Language, logic, temporal se;uences, a-stract
?
$ntuiti.e, spatial, concrete thought, music, art,
athletics
Language, logic, temporal se;uences, a-stract
thought, science
Emotions are "rom the primary system Emotions are "elt in the -o!y
+utomatic E""ort"ul
Di""icult to report the contents o" consciousness
*ithout using the language consciousness
Easily 1reporta-le2A thus it is the most o-.ious
consciousness an! is o"ten mistaken as the only
consciousness
$t is the entity that percei.es the 1-lin! sight2
o-Bect
$t is the entity that is -lin! to the 1-lin! sight2
o-Bect
Su-conscious or $! Ego &an! Super Ego(
*oes most of the ork+ Takes most of the credit+
Primary Representational
System an! Coals
The Primary Representational System inclu!es)
The !irect sensory an! motor representations, representational
categories an! sensory3motor schemas
+-stract higher le.el hierarchical categories an! sym-olic
D
+-stract higher le.el hierarchical categories an! sym-olic
representations
,oals are -uilt in -y e.olution an! they are associate! *ith an!
in!icate! -y emotions, "eelings, !ri.es an! moti.ations
Since humans are intensely social, many o" these goals an! emotions
promote socia-ility *hich support the spiritual virtues)
Such as) Lo.e, +ltruism, Sel"lessness, Forgi.eness, Humility, Compassion, Empathy,
Fairness, Eustice, +cceptance, Patience
Ho*e.er, there are still some sel"ish an! sel"3centere! goals "rom
e.olution < *hich are usually seen as spiritual .ices
Language Representational
System an! Coals
Language mo!els the *orl! an! sel" *ith *or!s)
$t *ill only -e present *hen the *or!s o" language ha.e -ecome
a universal representational system)
/hen language is a-le to represent almost e.erything that the Primary
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/hen language is a-le to represent almost e.erything that the Primary
Representational System can represent
$t can potentially represent more since it is easily expan!a-le *ith ne* *or!s
There are no goals or emotions -uilt in to the Language
Consciousness) The only intrinsic goals *oul! -e)
To Exist,
To -e in Control,
To plan "or the Future -ase! on the Past
This goal is present since the Language Representational System is -uilt on the parts o"
the -rain that !o long term planning) the executi.e "unction an! episo!ic memory
Language Representational
System an! Coals
These intrinsic goals o" 1To Exist2 an! 1To -e in Control2 ten! to -e sel"ish
an! sel"3centere! an! thus support the spiritual vices
These inclu!e) Sel"ishness, Resentment, +rrogance, Pri!e, Sel"3centere!ness & Hate
Ho*e.er, the language system can notice the primary consciousness goals an!
can incorporate those into it This can gi.e it some spiritual .irtue goals
F
can incorporate those into it This can gi.e it some spiritual .irtue goals
$t can create ne* goals "or itsel" -ecause o" the many past !ecisions an!
Bu!gments it has ma!e)
-udgments inclu!e) goo!G-a!, rightG*rong, shoul!Gshoul!n0t , canGcan0t,
agreeG!isagree or trueG"alse
*ecisions can -e a-out ho* *e or others nee! to -e or act) Something is
*rong here Li"e isn0t "air an! $ ha.e to make it "airH >o one listens to me $Im a
"ailureH $Im ugly $ !onIt !eser.e it $Im not *orth lo.ing 5
$t0s "a.orite topic is 1me2 or 1I2 The inner .oice is al*ays talking a-out itsel")
/hat shoul! or shoul!n0t happen to me= Ho* am I going to -e sa"e=
/hat shoul! I !o= /hat shoul!n0t I !o= They are slo*ing me !o*nH
Coals in Ceneral
6oth the language an! primary consciousness can notice an!
try to incorporate the other consciousness0s goals)
The language consciousness can notice *hat 1"eels goo!2 &ie *hat is a
primary consciousness goal( an! try to incorporate those goals into it
J
primary consciousness goal( an! try to incorporate those goals into it
These goals can -e !istorte! !ue to the less accurate language consciousness
mo!el o" the *orl!
For example, i" a something "eels goo!, then go get LKTS more o" itH
&lea!ing to a!!ictions(
The primary consciousness !oes un!erstan! language so it can
incorporate the language consciousness goals)
For exampleA i" the language consciousness has create! a goal o" 1al*ays
-eing right2 an! i" someone says 1you are *rong2, the primary
consciousness *ill notice an! can create an angry "eeling
/hat the Language Consciousness
Thinks $t $s
Language Consciousness
. Who I Am
Sensory
$nput
$t thinks it is the one *ho !erceives an! !oes all Actions &
that it /nderstands Language an! Translates it into /or!s
The unimportant
su-conscious stu""5
'@
#otor
Kutput
Language
$nput
Language
Kutput
$nner
Loice
$t thinks it0s decisions an!
0udgments are exactly the *ay
the World I$ &or shoul! -e(
*ecisions 1
-udgments
/hat the Primary & Language
Consciousnesses Really +re)
"anguage
Consciousness
!rimary
Consciousness
Sensory
$nput
Language
/nderstands Language
& Translates into /or!s
Fu77y
6oun!ary
''
The Primary &
Language Consciousness
each ha.e a full model o" the *orl! &
a mo!el o" itself in that *orl!, inclu!ing it0s goals
#otor
Kutput
Language
$nput
Language
Kutput
Mn!erstan!ing
'
Translate into /or!s
,
2
Perhaps /erneke0s +rea
3
Perhaps 6roca0s +rea
$nner
Loice
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Increasing "evels of Abstraction
6rain +rchitecture !i.ision -et*een
Language an! Primary Consciousness
!#IMA#4
C56$CI5/$6($$
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C56$CI5/$6($$
Sensory $nput
Categories
+nalogies
Emotions
&
Feelings
Clo-al /orkspace
',
Executi.e Function
/orking #emory
Top3Do*n +ttention
Episo!ic #emory
Explicit #emory
$mplicit #emory
+nalogies
#otor Kutput
#otor
Schemas
Feelings
Coals
Dri.es
#oti.ations
6ottom Mp
+ttention
Language Consciousness
Strengths)
$t is goo! at planning things out se;uentially in time
< it is the time traveler!
The au!itory system excels at timing se;uences
Expresse! language is al*ays a linear se;uence o" *or!s
$t ena-le! agriculture an! thus the !e.elopment o" .ery large communities
'4
$t ena-le! agriculture an! thus the !e.elopment o" .ery large communities
/ith the a-ility to !o long range planning an! to use language to parcel out the
!i.ision o" la-or
$t ena-les Science an! TechnologyH
This has many o-.ious sur.i.al a!.antages
+n! some o-.ious !isa!.antages like nuclear *eapons an! pollutionH
The *orl! mo!el o" the language consciousness can -e exporte! -y one
human to another through language &an! -ooks(
So the language *orl! mo!el an! hence the language consciousness gets -etter an!
stronger "rom one generation to the next
Language Consciousness
/eaknesses)
The language consciousness !oes ha.e pro-lems li.ing in the *orl!
$t ten!s to get easily frustrated -y its ina-ility to achie.e its goals
$t can orry en!lessly a-out things it cannot !o anything a-out
$t li.es in fear o" the "uture or else it li.es in resentment a-out the past
$n other *or!s, the language consciousness !oes not kno* ho* to li.e the 1$erenity
'8
$n other *or!s, the language consciousness !oes not kno* ho* to li.e the 1$erenity
!rayer2)
Crant me the serenity to accept the things $ cannot change, the courage to change the things $
can an! the isdom to kno* the !i""erence
/hereas the primary consciousness has ha! '@@#N years to learn ho* to get along in
the *orl! so it can easily li.e the 1Serenity Prayer2
The language consciousness is o"ten complaining, Bu!ging an! making up
"alse stories a-out the *orl!
These can lea! to !ecisions that -ecome goals that are un*orka-le)
The *orl! shoul! not -e this *ay5H $ shoul! al*ays -e rightH
Language Consciousness Constantly
6om-ar!s the Primary Consciousness
"anguage Consciousness
an! the Language Consciousness
#o!el o" the /orl!
1This is not goo!2
1$ hate that guy2
1$0ll ne.er -e a-le to !o this2
1$ gi.e up2
These !ecisions an! Bu!gments
can -e ma!e no or coul! ha.e
-een ma!e in the past an! are
recalle! an! rea""irme! no*5
'?
/orl!
!rimary Consciousness
an! the Primary Consciousness
#o!el o" the /orl!
1$ hate that guy2
1$ nee! #KREH2
1$ am *orthless2
1$0ll ne.er -e a-le to !o this2
1$0ll !o it tomorro*2
1$0m going to !ieHH2
1$ cannot li.e *ithout herH2
This can result in !ys"unction o" the primary consciousness mo!el
o" the *orl! since the messages "rom the language consciousness
*ill cause !istorte! goals an! mo!els o" the *orl! to -e
constructe! < can lea! to a!!iction an! other mental !iseases
(vidence "or a Primary &
a Language Consciousness)
(7plains Many !sychological
(7periments and 5bservations
Top Do*n .s 6ottom Mp +ttention
Split -rain experiments
Theory o" #in! &Sally < +nn tests(
Consistent With and 8elps to (7plain
other Theories and Models about
Consciousness
Daniel Dennett0s meme complex
Thinking Fast an! Slo* -y Daniel
Oahneman
'D
Theory o" #in! &Sally < +nn tests(
6lin! Sight Phenomenon
>on3conscious Perception an!
Priming
Li-et0s !ecision !elay experiments
Oahneman
>e! 6lock0s Phenomenal Consciousness
.s +ccess Consciousness
6ernar! 6arrs0s Clo-al /orkspace #o!el
+ntonio Damasio0s 1Core2 an! 1Exten!e!2
consciousnesses
Eulian Eaynes0 6icameral #in!
Consciousness
The Mser $llusion -y Tor >orretran!ers
Spirituality & Religions
The primary consciousness an! the language consciousness
explain all kin!s o" spiritual tra!itions an! religions
The primary consciousness is the mostly the source o" the
spiritual virtues &-ut not the only source(
'9
spiritual virtues &-ut not the only source(
The language consciousness is mostly the source o" the
spiritual vices &-ut not the only source(
$n general, *e ten! to i!enti"y *ith the language
consciousness
1#an2 &or 1sel"2 or ego( is the language consciousness
1Co!2 &or 1Sel"2 or the higher sel"( is the primary consciousness
Since it is more po*er"ul an! controls the *orl! *e li.e inA an! since it
the source o" most o" the spiritual virtues
Primary Consciousness is the sourceP o" Spiritual Lirtues
Language Consciousness is the sourceP o" Spiritual Lices
$piritual Virtues
Lo.e
+ltruism &or Sel"lessness(
Forgi.eness
$piritual Vices
Hate &or Hatre!(
Sel"ishness
Resentment &or Regret or 6lame(
'F
Forgi.eness
Humility
Compassion &or Empathy(
Fairness &or Eustice(
+cceptance
Patience
Resentment &or Regret or 6lame(
+rrogance &or Pri!e or Sel"3centere!ness(
$n!i""erence
Mn"airness &or $nBustice(
ReBection &or Eu!ging(
$mpatience
9Mostly the source < the language consciousness can sometimes -e
lo.ing an! altruistic an! the primary consciousness can sometimes -e sel"ish
The Split into T*o Consciousnesses Ca.e
Rise to the Theistic Spiritual Tra!itions)
/hen the language consciousness *as "irst !e.eloping an! it *as
*eak, it experience! a stronger consciousness &the primary
consciousness( that ha! more po*er in the *orl! an! e.en po*er
o.er the language consciousness
'J
The language consciousness *oul! ha.e a .ague sense o" a more
po*er"ul -eing that *asn0t itsel" & ha! ;uite a -it o" po*er o.er its li"e
These .ague senses o" another -eing -ecame i!enti"ie! as Co!
Thus the Primary Consciousness -ecame Co!
Co! creates the *orl! &the primary consciousness *orl! mo!el( that the
language consciousness tries to mo!el *ith language
+n! the Language Consciousness -ecame #an
Co! create! man an! ga.e #an &an illusion o"( a Free /ill
Ceneric /estern Co!)
Co! is all po*er"ul
The primary conscious &Co!( "ilters an! controls *hate.er the language consciousness
&man( percei.es an! in that sense is all po*er"ul
Co! is all kno*ing
The primary consciousness &Co!( kno*s e.erything that the language consciousness
,@
The primary consciousness &Co!( kno*s e.erything that the language consciousness
&man( kno*s < an! really more since the primary consciousness kno*s a-out all the
unconscious things going on in the -o!y an! -rain
Co! can per"orm miracles
Since all perception comes through the primary consciousness &Co!( it coul!
theoretically change the perception that the language consciousness &man( recei.es
an! there"ore it may appear that the la*s o" physics are .iolate!
Co! is only goo!, -ut man can -e either goo! or e.il
This is un!erstan!a-le in the sense that the primary consciousness &Co!( has social
goals that support the spiritual virtues, *hereas the language consciousness &man(
is more sel"3centere! an! is more incline! to the spiritual vices+
Reinterpretation o" a Selecte!
Passage o" Cenesis
Co! sai!, IQou shall not eat o" the "ruit o" the tree 5 6ut the serpent
sai! to the *oman, RQou *ill not !ieA "or Co! kno*s that *hen you
eat o" it your eyes *ill -e opene!, an! you *ill -e like Co!, kno*ing
goo! an! e.ilR 3 Cenesis 4)4
,'
The primary consciousness &Co!( kno*s that *hen the language system
-ecame consciousness &man( then it can choose -et*een goo! an! e.il
&ie make !ecisions( so then it *ill -e conscious Bust like Co!
$o eating the fruit of this tree is the story of hen the language
consciousness became conscious
#an then ha! to lea.e the para!ise o" E!en an! li.e in the !i""icult real
*orl! that *e "in! oursel.es in no* Li"e *as har!er -ecause the
language consciousness is not as goo! at li.ing as the primary
consciousness
Reinterpretation o" Selecte!
Passages o" the >e* Testament
SEesus sai!T 3 1The Father an! $ are one2 3 Eohn '@)4@
Christ0s reali7ation that the language consciousness &Eesus the man( an! the primary
consciousness &Eesus the Co!( are really the same single human -eing
$t is also the statement that they shoul! -e one < they shoul! act more in harmony
*ith one another < e.en i" they are currently not experience! as -eing one
,,
*ith one another < e.en i" they are currently not experience! as -eing one
SEesus sai!T < 1So $ tell you, *hate.er you ask "or in prayer, -elie.e that you
ha.e recei.e! it, an! it *ill -e yours2 3 #ark ''),8
This is expressing the "act that the primary consciousness &Co!( is much more
po*er"ul than the language consciousness &man( so that i" the language
consciousness hum-ly an! con"i!ently asks the primary consciousness "or help in a
prayer, the primary consciousness *ill !o its -est to help the language consciousness
1Qour *ill -e !one, on earth as it is in hea.en2 3 #atthe* D)'@
1Qour *ill2 is Co!0s &the primary consciousness0( *ill Earth is the *orl! mo!el *here
man &language consciousness( li.es an! hea.en is the *orl! mo!el *here Co!
&primary consciousness( li.es
+lcoholics +nonymous an! other
', Step Programs
The primary consciousness can -ecome a!!icte!
6ut the language consciousness greatly intensi"ie! the a!!iction *hen it o-sesses a-out pleasures
"rom the su-stance use an! a-out su""ering "rom the su-stance *ith!ra*al
Step ') /e a!mitte! *e *ere po*erless o.er alcohol < that our li.es ha! -ecome
unmanagea-le
This is the language consciousness a!mitting that it cannot control the alcohol or our li.es in
,4
This is the language consciousness a!mitting that it cannot control the alcohol or our li.es in
general
Step ,) Came to -elie.e that a Po*er greater than oursel.es coul! restore us to sanity
This is the language consciousness coming to -elie.e that the primary consciousness exists an!
coul! help
Step 4) #a!e a !ecision to turn our *ill an! our li.es o.er to the care o" Co! as *e
un!erstoo! Him
This is the language consciousness letting go o" control an! letting the primary consciousness run
our li.es
This is *here the so-riety comes "rom < letting 1Co!2 take o.er
The ', Steps then go on to help the alcoholic clear up mistakes o" the past an! present, let
go o" other character !e"ects, pray an! me!itate an! carry the message
Prayer & #e!itation
Prayer *oul! -e an example o" the language consciousness trying to explicitly
communicate *ith the primary consciousness
$" the prayer is a re;uest o" some kin! the primary consciousness may -e con.ince! to
use its po*ers to achie.e the result
$" the prayer is to kno* Co!0s *ill "or us then it is the language consciousness
,8
$" the prayer is to kno* Co!0s *ill "or us then it is the language consciousness
!eclaring it0s *illingness to "ollo* the !irection o" the primary consciousness
The .arious me!itation techni;ues are all attempts to ;uiet the language
consciousness an! experience the primary consciousness !irectly
#antras 3 Repeating the same *or! or phrase o.er an! o.er keeps the language
consciousness -usy
Concentrating on -reathing 3 6reathing is one area *here the language consciousness
an! primary consciousness share motor control
The Split into T*o Consciousnesses Ca.e
Rise to non3Theistic Spiritual Tra!itions)
Su""ering comes "rom the o-sessi.e attachments o" the language
consciousness to o-Bects it thinks it nee!s an! to it0s stories
The Bu!gments o" the language consciousness also create su""ering
since it "in!s it har! to accept things it Bu!ges as -a!
an! it ten!s to get a!!icte! or at least !istorte! in the pursuit o" *hate.er it
,?
an! it ten!s to get a!!icte! or at least !istorte! in the pursuit o" *hate.er it
Bu!ges as goo!
the Dualistic State)
$s the misi!enti"ication o" the sel" as only -eing the Language Consciousness
the >on!ualistic State)
The >on!ual State is *hen *e reali7e that *e really are the Primary Consciousness
/e see that the Language Consciousness is a use"ul tool,
6ut not something that *e in!enti"y as -eing the sel"
Uen 6u!!hism
Uen masters achie.e nir.ana a"ter years o" sitting me!itation
>ir.ana is uni.ersally !escri-e! as something that cannot -e !escri-e!
< it is -eyon! *or!s
This is exactly true "or any experience o" the primary consciousness since any use
o" *or!s automatically makes it a language consciousness experience or concept
,D
o" *or!s automatically makes it a language consciousness experience or concept
+nother Uen techni;ue is to concentrate on a koan)
+ koan is a statement or ;uestion gi.en -y the teacher that !oes not
make logical 1sense2 &to the language consciousness(
For example) 1/hat is the soun! o" one han! clapping=2
This has no logical ans*er, so trying to ans*er this unans*era-le ;uestion may
result in experiencing conscious "rom the primary consciousness point o" .ie*
instea! o" the language consciousness
Dualism
+ person *ho is experiencing li"e "rom a Dualistic point o"
.ie*)
6elie.es he $S his language consciousness
He -elie.es all the stories create! -y the language consciousness are
,9
He -elie.es all the stories create! -y the language consciousness are
a-solutely true
6elie.es that he li.es in the *orl! !irectly
6ut in "act he K>LQ li.es in the mo!el o" the *orl! create! -y the
primary consciousness
He com-ines the primary consciousness, the primary
consciousness mo!el o" the *orl! an! the *orl! itsel" together
+n! thinks o" this as some 1other2 thing
+n! thinks o" himsel" as a .ictim o" this 1other2
Dualism
"anguage
Consciousness:
1$2 N the /or!
mo!el o" the *orl!
1sel"2
The /orl! *here
the 1sel"2 Li.es <
the /orl! an! the
1sel"2 are 65T one
,F
!rimary Consciousness:
$elf +
The World:
The
1Kther2
The >on!ual State
The >on!ual State is uni.ersally !escri-e! as something that
cannot -e !escri-e! in *or!s < it is -eyon! *or!s
K-.iously any use o" *or!s automatically creates a language
consciousness thought or concept an! there"ore "ails to !escri-e
,J
consciousness thought or concept an! there"ore "ails to !escri-e
the true >on!ual state *hich !oes not ha.e *or!sH
$t is also sai! that you cannot seek the >on!ual State
Seeking is *hat the Language Consciousness !oes
$t is the time tra.eler that tries to seek something in the "uture that it
!oes not alrea!y ha.e in the present moment
6ut the present moment is the K>LQ place *here >on!uality can -e
"oun! since that is *here the Primary Consciousness $S
>on!ualism
"anguage
Consciousness:
1$2 N the /or!
mo!el o" the *orl!
1Sel"2
The /orl! *here
the 1Sel"2 Li.es <
the /orl! an! the
1Sel"2 are 56(
This is seen as a
tool an! the 1Sel"2
!oes not i!enti"y
itsel" *ith this tool
4@
!rimary Consciousness:
$elf +
The World:
There
is >o
1Kther2
:
>on!ual Teachings
#any >on!uality teachers say to pay attention to perception
Direct perception is exclusi.ely part o" the primary consciousness
< so it makes sense that this coul! help to reali7e that *e are
the primary consciousness an! lea! to >on!uality
4'
the primary consciousness an! lea! to >on!uality
There is also an emphasis on letting go o" the search or
seeking "or enlightenment
Seeking is al*ays in the "uture an! is thus exclusi.ely part o" the
language consciousness
so seeking implies i!enti"ication *ith the language consciousness
Enlightenment G non!uality can only -e attaine! *hen the
seeking ceases
Trans"ormation
Lan!mark an! other secular trans"ormati.e training programs
e7perientially get across these i!eas)
There is a !i""erence -et*een the *ay the *orl! is or *as an! the story
that the language consciousness makes up a-out it
4,
Encourages people to clean up or complete the past so they !o not ha.e
to continually "in! con"irmation o" past !ecisions or Bu!gments in the
"uture
/hen it is recogni7e! that the stories o" the language consciousness !o
not mean anything, then those stories can -e !iscar!e!
The *orl! o" the language consciousness is essentially empty an! meaningless
This then presents the person *ith the "irst opportunity to create a ne*
"uture an! a ne* *orl! out o" *hat is important to their primary an!
language consciousness
$nstea! o" continually recreating the past into the "uture
This Theory
$s a Language Consciousness Theory
Mn!erstan!ing this Theory *ill >KT pro!uce >on!uality
#y hope is that "or engineers, scientists, atheists an! non3
spiritual people &an! e.en "or spiritual people()
44
spiritual people &an! e.en "or spiritual people()
This theory coul! gi.e an un!erstan!ing ho* spirituality coul!
*ork an!
That a non!ual consciousness coul! -e a *orth*hile goal an!
There"ore it is a goo! i!ea to "ollo* the practices that spiritual
teachers a!.ise
Hope"ully, this Theory coul! -e a 1pointing2 to the >on!ual
state5
Conclusion
The hypothesis that there are t*o conscious entities in the
-rain explains)
#any characteristics o" consciousness an! o" our conscious
experiences
48
experiences
+re consistent *ith an! explain psychological experiments an!
other consciousness mo!els
Sho*s ho* perception can result in meaning an! un!erstan!ing
Ci.e insight to the origin an! purpose o" the Theistic an! >on3
Theistic Spiritual Tra!itions
Explains Duality an! >on!uality an! can moti.ate practices5
+!!itional Sli!es
>ot presente! !ue to lack o" time5
The "ollo*ing sli!es "ill in some a!!itional areas an! present
more e.i!ence, -ut !o not tell a coherent storyH
They *oul! ha.e to -e inserte! at .arious points in the talk to
4?
They *oul! ha.e to -e inserte! at .arious points in the talk to
really make senseH
They may also -e ol!er .ersions o" some sli!es that *ere use!
in other presentations
Mse at your o*n risk
(vidence "or a Primary &
a Language Consciousness)
(7plains Many !sychological
(7periments and 5bservations
Top Do*n .s 6ottom Mp +ttention
Split -rain experiments
Theory o" #in! &Sally < +nn tests(
Consistent With and 8elps to (7plain
other Theories and Models about
Consciousness
Daniel Dennett0s meme complex
Thinking Fast an! Slo* -y Daniel
Oahneman
4D
Theory o" #in! &Sally < +nn tests(
6lin! Sight Phenomenon
>on3conscious Perception an!
Priming
Li-et0s !ecision !elay experiments
Oahneman
>e! 6lock0s Phenomenal Consciousness
.s +ccess Consciousness
6ernar! 6arrs0s Clo-al /orkspace #o!el
+ntonio Damasio0s 1Core2 an! 1Exten!e!2
consciousnesses
Eulian Eaynes0 6icameral #in!
Consciousness
The Mser $llusion -y Tor >orretran!ers
Top Do*n .s 6ottom Mp +ttention
+ttention is a characteristic o" -oth the primary an!
language systems
Language consciousness can only atten! to ' o-Bect at a time
Top Do*n +ttention < *hen the language consciousness instructs the
49
Top Do*n +ttention < *hen the language consciousness instructs the
primary consciousness to pay attention to some perceptual "eature
Primary consciousness can atten! to se.eral &8 or ? or =( o-Bects
at a time
6ottom Mp +ttention < *hen the primary consciousness -rings
something to the attention o" the language consciousness
Top Do*n +ttention < the primary consciousness also has use o" the
executi.e "unction *hich can also "ocus the attention on some signi"icant
or important perceptual "eature
Split 6rain Experiments
E.en *hen the language consciousness !oes
not kno* *hat is going on, it *ill make up a
story &or lie( a-out it
+s an example, consi!er some o" the split
-rain experiments)
$n these patients, the corpus collosum is cut
4F
$n these patients, the corpus collosum is cut
to control epilepsy
Then present one .isual pro-lem to the right
hemisphere an! a !i""erent pro-lem to the le"t
Each hemisphere sol.es the pro-lem an! the
han! controlle! -y each is mo.e! to the
correct ans*er
Since the le"t hemisphere is *here most
o" the language input an! output a-ility
"or the patient resi!es, the patient is a-le
to tell *hy the han! controlle! -y the le"t
hemisphere ma!e its choice
Ho*e.er the patient reports a ma!e up reason "or *hy the han! controlle! -y the right hemisphere
ma!e its choice < usually relate! to *hat the le"t sa*
This is the language consciousness con"a-ulating or making up a lie to explain *hy it !i!
something that it !i!, in "act, not !o
Theory o" #in!) the Sally3+nn Test
+ to!!ler is sho*n t*o !olls, Sally an! +nn
Sally has a -asket an! +nn has a -ox
Sally puts a mar-le in her -asket an! then lea.es the room
+nn takes the mar-le out o" the -asket an! puts it in her -ox
/hen Sally comes -ack, the experimenter asks the to!!ler *here Sally *ill look
4J
/hen Sally comes -ack, the experimenter asks the to!!ler *here Sally *ill look
"or the mar-le
To!!lers, at age 4, say that Sally *ill look "or the mar-le in +nn0s -ox since they kno*
the mar-le is there
+t age 8, the to!!ler *ill say that Sally *ill look "or the mar-le in her -asket < *here
Sally last kne* it to -e
$ claim this is e.i!ence that -et*een ages 4 an! 8 the chil!0s mo!el o" other
people -egins to inclu!e the "act that they also contain a mo!el o" the *orl!, an!
that their mo!el o" the *orl! may !i""er "rom the chil!0s mo!el o" the *orl!
This is also e.i!ence that consciousness !oes inclu!e a mo!el o" the *orl! an! a
mo!el o" other humans mo!els o" the *orl!
6lin!3Sight
The phenomenon o" -lin!3sightP sho*s that something else
is percei.ing that *hich cannot -e reporte! -y the language
consciousnessH
That something else is actually someone else < our primary
8@
That something else is actually someone else < our primary
consciousnesses
Thus although the -rain path*ay use! to !irectly report the
stimulus *as !amage!, the primary consciousness !oes still
percei.e the stimulus an! can gi.e an intuiti.e nu!ge *hen the
language consciousness makes guesses
9 ;lind<sight is the phenomenon here some in0ury to the brain causes the patient to be blind to the presence
of an ob0ect in some part of the visual field =and therefore is not conscious of the ob0ect because he is unable to
verbal report the presence of the ob0ect>+ 8oever upon testing, it is evident that some part of the brain does
kno about the ob0ect since the patient does much better than chance on guessing the position, identity or other
properties of the ob0ect+
>on3conscious Perception
>on conscious perception is *hen a stimulus is presente! "or such a
short time that the person cannot report that the stimulus *as seen
Ho*e.er, the non3percei.e! stimulus can in"luence -eha.ior or
choices ma!e later &priming(
8'
choices ma!e later &priming(
+gain, this sho*s that something else is percei.ing that *hich
cannot -e reporte! -y the language consciousnessH
That something else is actually someone else < our primary
consciousnesses
Since the primary consciousness is parallel an! the language
consciousness is serial
$t takes time to !o the parallel to serial con.ersion
$" the stimulus is remo.e! -e"ore that con.ersion is complete, the language
consciousness *ill not kno* a-out the stimulus
Li-et0s Decision Delays
6enBamin Li-et !emonstrate! that the -rain -egins to prepare to
make a spontaneous "inger mo.ement @?? secon!s -e"ore the
mo.ement, -ut that the reporta-le consciousness o" making the
mo.ement *as only @4? secon!s -e"ore the mo.ement V
8,
$ interpret this result as saying that the primary consciousness actually
makes the !ecision to start the mo.ement @,@ secon!s -e"ore the
language consciousness is a*are o" the impen!ing mo.ement
+n! yet the language consciousness thinks that 1$T2 ma!e the !ecisionH
This time !elay can -e thought o" as the time nee!e! to !o a
parallel &primary( to serial &language( 1signal2 con.ersion
? 6 Li-et, et al, 1Time o" Conscious $ntention to +ct in Relation to Knset o" Cere-ral
+cti.ity &Rea!iness Potential(,2 6rain '@D &'JF4( p D8@
(vidence "or a Primary &
a Language Consciousness)
(7plains Many !sychological
(7periments and 5bservations
Top Do*n .s 6ottom Mp +ttention
Split -rain experiments
Theory o" #in! &Sally < +nn tests(
Consistent With and 8elps to (7plain
other Theories and Models about
Consciousness
Daniel Dennett0s meme complex
Thinking Fast an! Slo* -y Daniel
Oahneman
84
Theory o" #in! &Sally < +nn tests(
6lin! Sight Phenomenon
>on3conscious Perception an!
Priming
Li-et0s !ecision !elay experiments
Oahneman
>e! 6lock0s Phenomenal Consciousness
.s +ccess Consciousness
6ernar! 6arrs0s Clo-al /orkspace #o!el
+ntonio Damasio0s 1Core2 an! 1Exten!e!2
consciousnesses
Eulian Eaynes0 6icameral #in!
Consciousness
The Mser $llusion -y Tor >orretran!ers
Comparison to Kther Theories
Daniel DennettV has a hypothesis a-out consciousness that states in part)
1Human consciousness is itsel" a huge complex o" memes5that can -est -e
un!erstoo! as the operation o" a5.irtual machine implemente! in the parallel
architecture o" a -rain that *as not !esigne! "or any such acti.ity The po*ers o" this
.irtual machine .astly enhance the un!erlying po*ers o" the organic har!*are on
*hich is runs, -ut at the same time5its limitations can -e explaine!5-y the klu!ges
88
*hich is runs, -ut at the same time5its limitations can -e explaine!5-y the klu!ges
that make this reuse5Spossi-leT2
This is compati-le *ith my hypothesis) the .irtual machine running memes is our
language consciousness *ith language, *hereas the un!erlying machine is our
primary consciousness
Dennett !oes not, ho*e.er, claim that there are t*o consciousness -eings
? D Dennett, 'JJ', Consciousness Explaine!, 6oston, Little 6ro*n an! Company, p ,'@
Comparison to Kther Theories
Daniel Oahnemann in Thinking Fast an! Slo*
Fast System ' W Primary Consciousness G Slo* System , W Language Consciousness
Oahneman !oes not call them consciousness < more like !i""erent agents or !ecision systems
>e! 6lock)
Phenomenal Consciousness W Primary Consciousness
+ccess Consciousness W Language Consciousness
6ernar! 6arrs et al)
8?
6ernar! 6arrs et al)
Clo-al /orkspace #o!el W Language Consciousness
+ntonio DamasioP proposes the a 1Core2 consciousness an! an 1Exten!e!2 consciousness
The Core Consciousness is only a*are o" the current time right no* an! is thus relate! to the Primary
Consciousness
The Exten!e! Consciousness can plan "urther into the "uture an! re"lect on the past an! is thus relate!
to the Language Consciousness
The 6icameral #in! Consciousness theory o" Eulian Eaynes
The Le"t 6rain is the Language Consciousness
The Right 6rain is the Primary Consciousness
The Mser $llusion -y Tor >orretran!ers
9 + Damasio, The Feeling o" /hat Happens, San Diego, Harcourt $nc, p 'D
Reinterpretation o" Selecte!
Passages o" Cenesis
$n the -eginning *hen Co! create! the hea.ens an! the earth 3 Cenesis ')'
Since e.erything that the language consciousness &man( percei.es comes through the
sensory systems o" the primary consciousness &Co!(, it is true that Co! create! an!
continuously creates the *orl! "or man
So Co! create! humankin! in his image, 5 an! Co! sai! to them, R6e "ruit"ul
8D
So Co! create! humankin! in his image, 5 an! Co! sai! to them, R6e "ruit"ul
an! multiply, an! "ill the earth25 3 Cenesis '),9
The primary consciousness &Co!( !i! create the language consciousness &man( in the
sense that the language consciousness runs on top o" the har!*are o" the primary
consciousness The primary consciousness is also .ery intereste! in telling the
language consciousness to -e "ruit"ul an! multiply since procreation is one o" the
maBor primary goals o" the primary consciousness
The LKRD Co! "orme! e.ery animal o" the "iel! an! e.ery -ir! o" the air, an!
-rought them to the man to see *hat he *oul! call them 3 Cenesis 4)'J
The primary consciousness presente! e.ery animal to the language consciousness an!
let it name them
Decisions as E.i!ence o" T*o
Conscious Entities
The e.i!ence that humans ha.e t*o !istinctly !i""erent
!ecision making mechanisms is e.i!ence "or t*o conscious
entities)
1Thinking, Fast an! Slo*2 -y >o-el /inner Daniel Oahneman)
89
1Thinking, Fast an! Slo*2 -y >o-el /inner Daniel Oahneman)
1t*o mo!es o" thought) System ' is "ast, instincti.e & emotionalA
System , is slo*er, more !eli-erati.e, & more logical52
System ' !ecisions W Primary Consciousness
System , !ecisions W Language Consciousness
16link2 -y #alcolm Cla!*ell) 15your min! takes a-out t*o secon!s to
Bump to a series o" conclusions &an!( those instant conclusions that *e
reach are really po*er"ul an! really important an!, occasionally, really
goo!52
1-linke!2 !ecisions W System ' W Primary Consciousness
>on3-linke! !ecisions W System , W Language Consciousness