LEC 05 Computer Applications in Construction - Database 2013

1
Computer Applications for Computer Applications for p pp p pp

Construction Construction
:: Database :: :: Database ::
Presented by Presented byyy
Assist.Prof.Dr. Vachara Peansupap Assist.Prof.Dr. Vachara Peansupap
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Chulalongkorn University Chulalongkorn University
Bangkok, Thailand Bangkok, Thailand
Introduction to database Introduction to database
11 Needs of database Needs of database 1. 1. Needs of database Needs of database
2. 2. Database concept Database concept
3. 3. Database structure Database structure
4. 4. Design of database Design of database
55 Application of database Application of database
Copyright 2007 Vachara Peansupap. All Rights Reserved.
5. 5. Application of database Application of database
6. 6. Example of database Example of database
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Needs of database Needs of database
Why do we need database in Why do we need database in Why do we need database in Why do we need database in
construction and infrastructure construction and infrastructure
management? management?
Construction is fragmented by its Construction is fragmented by its
nature. nature.
Several information are stored in Several information are stored in
different places. different places.
11. Needs of database . Needs of database
Without information, project managers and Without information, project managers and Without information, project managers and Without information, project managers and
engineers are hardly to manage and make a engineers are hardly to manage and make a
decision on project processes. decision on project processes.
Several construction processes are required Several construction processes are required
information such as information such as
Estimating needs material price, labor price, equipment, Estimating needs material price, labor price, equipment,
supplier contact data, problems and risk of previous supplier contact data, problems and risk of previous
project; project;
project; project;
Planning and control needs information related to work Planning and control needs information related to work
plan, delay, defects, sub plan, delay, defects, sub- -contractor, document, drawing contractor, document, drawing
Procurement needs stock information, average time Procurement needs stock information, average time
delivery delivery
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11. Needs of database . Needs of database
Estimating
Document
Estimating
Inventory
Contractor
database
Maintenance
Payment
Infrastructur
e Project
Tendering
Inspection
Planning&
monitoring
Change order
Customer
records
Training
11. Needs of database in . Needs of database in
construction construction
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Estimating database Estimating database
Change Order Change Order
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Life cycle cost Life cycle cost
Document database Document database
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Inspection Inspection
Inspection Inspection
Digital Camera
DSS
Result
Image
Acquistion
Image Transfer to Computer
Fitering
Gray Scale
Black&White
Input Image
Knowl edge
Management
Image Processi ng
- Result of assessment
(Defect/Non Defect)
- Management method
(Non action, repair and
maintenance method)
Add new data/
knowledge
Edge Detection
Segmentation
Height Level Image
Processing
Data Extraction/
Output Image
Data Generation
- Crack Type
Classification
- Crack assessment
(Defect/Non Defect)
- Alternative
Management (Non
action, repair and
maintenance method)
Peansupap and Laofor (2008)
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3. QA MANAGEMENT MODULE (DOT)
Other Databases
Contracts
Acceptance
System
Specification
System
Pay
System
Analysis
System
Analysis
System
1.DATABASE
SERVER
MODULE
INTERNET
4. DATA
TRANSLATION
MODULE
Contracts
Inventory
PMS
Cost
Safety, etc
Contract
Information
Material
Design
QC
Testing
Acceptance
Testing
Construction
Records
Checklist
Internal Audit
Evaluation
Architecture for construction quality database system(www.fhwa.dot.gov)
Certification
Qualification
Contractors Contractors
2.QA DATA I NPUT MODULE (Contractor & DOT)
Maintenance Maintenance
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Bridge management Bridge management
EE--Procurement Procurement
http://www.e-nvision.org/
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Construction material Construction material
database database
Construction material Construction material
database database
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22. Database concept . Database concept
What is the database? What is the database? What is the database? What is the database?
Database is a structured collection of Database is a structured collection of
records or data that is stored in a records or data that is stored in a
computer system. computer system.
The structure is achieved by organizing The structure is achieved by organizing
the data according to a database model the data according to a database model
the data according to a database model. the data according to a database model.
Many ways of organizing and storing Many ways of organizing and storing Many ways of organizing and storing Many ways of organizing and storing
information information
Two main categories, which are Two main categories, which are
simpler simpler data files data files that contain records of that contain records of
complex complex databases databases that might provide that might provide
integrate access to interrelated blocks of integrate access to interrelated blocks of
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Organization Organization of of data file data file helps helps Organization Organization of of data file data file helps helps
determine the means for creating, determine the means for creating,
processing, selecting, and extracting processing, selecting, and extracting
information. information.
In In data file data file, it should define the , it should define the key key
that are used to contain that are used to contain data elements data elements
for sorting or searching a file. for sorting or searching a file.
22. Database concept: data . Database concept: data
file file
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The keys also contains the The keys also contains the attributes attributes The keys also contains the The keys also contains the attributes attributes
of the records. of the records.
When the organization of the file is When the organization of the file is
known, program can be written to known, program can be written to
perform actions with the data such as perform actions with the data such as
the telephone book has the telephone book has a name, a name,
address, and telephone number address, and telephone number as as
attributes attributes in each of its records. in each of its records.
33. Database structure . Database structure
DATABASE FI LE DATABASE FI LE DATABASE FI LE DATABASE FI LE
Attribute
-Name
-Surname
Table Table
-Address
-Telephone
Records
1. Mary J im Christine St New York 8101236634
2. J erry J ohnson Saint Kilda Beach Virginia 8101236548
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TABLES
DATABASE
FI ELDS/
ATTRI BUTES
Database Database
Create Relationship Create Relationship Create Relationship Create Relationship
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Input Data Input Data
If the telephone book is available in electronic If the telephone book is available in electronic If the telephone book is available in electronic If the telephone book is available in electronic
format file, it would be easy to write program that format file, it would be easy to write program that
could search rapidly through file for a given name could search rapidly through file for a given name
and report address or telephone number. and report address or telephone number.
However, it would be harder to take a given However, it would be harder to take a given
address or telephone number and find the address or telephone number and find the
corresponding person if the file is not well corresponding person if the file is not well
organized for the purpose For example organized for the purpose For example
organized for the purpose. For example, organized for the purpose. For example,
the find the person who live in city of Bangkok and the find the person who live in city of Bangkok and
Phayathai suburb or Phayathai suburb or
telephone number is stored into telephone number is stored into 8 8 or or 9 9 digit. digit. 2186460 2186460 or or
022186460 022186460
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File processing File processing
Sequential file processing Sequential file processing Sequential file processing Sequential file processing
Direct access file processing Direct access file processing
File processing File processing
sequential data access sequential data access
Sequential file processing Sequential file processing Sequential file processing Sequential file processing
It is suitable for handling many It is suitable for handling many
transactions together in a batch mode. transactions together in a batch mode.
Pros Pros Simple to design and maintain, Simple to design and maintain,
suitable for low suitable for low--cost media cost media
Cons Cons data much be sorted before data much be sorted before
Cons Cons data much be sorted before data much be sorted before
processing, the master file is only up processing, the master file is only up- -to to--date date
to the last period when the transactions were to the last period when the transactions were
run run
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File processing File processing direct direct
access data access data
Direct access file processing Direct access file processing Direct access file processing Direct access file processing
As the low cost of disk storage and the As the low cost of disk storage and the
increase of powerful computer processors increase of powerful computer processors
drive the way to process data directly so drive the way to process data directly so
called direct access called direct access
Cons Cons the file do become fragmented as new the file do become fragmented as new
d dd d d ld difi d d dd d d ld difi d
records are added and old ones are modified records are added and old ones are modified
or deleted. (file may be corrupted) or deleted. (file may be corrupted)
Pros Pros the master file is online all the time the master file is online all the time
and is available for inquires from terminals and is available for inquires from terminals
Information organization Information organization
and storage in database and storage in database
Database Database refers to a complex system refers to a complex system Database Database refers to a complex system refers to a complex system
of software and hardware that of software and hardware that
integrates the various files. integrates the various files.
It enhances different applications into It enhances different applications into
on commonly accessible pool of on commonly accessible pool of
information. information.
This integration makes it possible to This integration makes it possible to
reduce the duplication of items. reduce the duplication of items.
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Components of Databases Components of Databases
Database Database an organized collection of an organized collection of Database Database an organized collection of an organized collection of
information that pertains to a particular information that pertains to a particular
subject or purpose subject or purpose
Table Table a collection of data about a specific a collection of data about a specific
topic, organized into columns and rows topic, organized into columns and rows
Field Field a category of information in a table a category of information in a table
( l ) ( l )
(column) (column)
Record Record a collection of information a collection of information
consisting of one or more related fields consisting of one or more related fields
about a specific entity (row) about a specific entity (row)
Relational Databases Relational Databases
Relational database Relational database a database that a database that Relational database Relational database a database that a database that
contains multiple tables related through contains multiple tables related through
common fields common fields
Common field Common field a field, contained in two or a field, contained in two or
more tables, that forms a relationship more tables, that forms a relationship
between the tables between the tables
between the tables between the tables
Relationship Relationship a connection between two or a connection between two or
more tables based on a common field more tables based on a common field
Relating tables eliminates the duplication of Relating tables eliminates the duplication of
data data
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Relational Databases Relational Databases
(contd) (contd)
Tables are related through their common Tables are related through their common Tables are related through their common Tables are related through their common
fields fields
The common field is the primary key in one The common field is the primary key in one
table and the foreign key in another table table and the foreign key in another table
Primary key Primary key a field containing a value that a field containing a value that
uniquely identifies each record in a table uniquely identifies each record in a table
q y q y
Foreign key Foreign key a field in a related table that refers a field in a related table that refers
to the primary key in another table to the primary key in another table
Standard Relationships Standard Relationships
One One--to to--one relationship one relationship each record in each record in One One to to one relationship one relationship each record in each record in
Table A can have only one matching record Table A can have only one matching record
in Table B. For example, the ID of personal in Table B. For example, the ID of personal
is one to one relationship with Staff. is one to one relationship with Staff.
One One- -to to--many relationship many relationship a record in a record in
Table A can have many matching records in Table A can have many matching records in
y g y g
Table B, but a record in Table B has only Table B, but a record in Table B has only
one matching record in Table A (the most one matching record in Table A (the most
common table relationship) For example, common table relationship) For example,
the staff in table users can be shown in the staff in table users can be shown in
borrowing equipment table) borrowing equipment table)
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Many Many--to to--one relationship one relationship one record one record Many Many--to to--one relationship one relationship one record one record
in Table A can related to many in Table A can related to many
recordings in Table B (Many records recordings in Table B (Many records
from maintenance table may have one from maintenance table may have one
record to one crane in equipment record to one crane in equipment
bl ) bl )
table) table)
Many Many--to to--many relationship many relationship one one Many Many--to to--many relationship many relationship one one
record in either Table A or B can relate record in either Table A or B can relate
to many matching records in the other to many matching records in the other
table table
Established by creating multiple one Established by creating multiple one- -to to--
many relationships with a third table many relationships with a third table
(junction table) (junction table)
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Relating Database Tables Relating Database Tables
(contd) (contd)
One-to-many
relationship
Many-to-one
relationship
One One- -to to- -one one
Personal identification of staff with Personal identification of staff with Personal identification of staff with Personal identification of staff with
name and surname name and surname
Contact number with staff name Contact number with staff name
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One One- -to to- -many relationship many relationship
Worker A borrows several safety Worker A borrows several safety Worker A borrows several safety Worker A borrows several safety
equipments equipments
An engineer inspects quality of rooms An engineer inspects quality of rooms
A machine is used by several A machine is used by several
construction projects construction projects
construction projects construction projects
Many Many- -to to- -one relationship one relationship
Sub Sub--contractors involve in construction contractors involve in construction Sub Sub--contractors involve in construction contractors involve in construction
project project
History of machine drivers (assume History of machine drivers (assume
many drivers may use this machine) many drivers may use this machine)
Maintenance historical data on a Maintenance historical data on a
Maintenance historical data on a Maintenance historical data on a
tunnel section tunnel section
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Many Many- -to to- -many many
Maintenance historical data of tunnel Maintenance historical data of tunnel Maintenance historical data of tunnel Maintenance historical data of tunnel
sections or tunnel projects sections or tunnel projects
Knowledge of problem solving in Knowledge of problem solving in
several infrastructure projects several infrastructure projects
Applications of Database Applications of Database
Material management Material management Material management Material management
Personal systems Personal systems
Equipment information systems Equipment information systems
Accounting systems Accounting systems
Knowledge database Knowledge database
Knowledge database Knowledge database
Quality management system Quality management system
23
Database Database - - MSAccess MSAccess
Database Database - - MSAccess MSAccess
24
PhpMySQL PhpMySQL
25
26
27
44 Design of database Design of database 44. Design of database . Design of database
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Component of database Component of database
Database design Form
Database
Table
Query
data from
field
Output
& Report
Table
Field
Input
data into
field
11. Conceptual design of . Conceptual design of
Database Database
Conceptual design aims to understand Conceptual design aims to understand Conceptual design aims to understand Conceptual design aims to understand
the basic data and relationships for the basic data and relationships for
developing database. developing database.
This process may simulate objects and This process may simulate objects and
interaction. interaction.
For example database of equipment For example database of equipment
For example, database of equipment For example, database of equipment
maintenance consists of equipment, maintenance consists of equipment,
records, maintenance types. records, maintenance types.
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11. Conceptual design . Conceptual design
For example database of equipment For example database of equipment For example, database of equipment For example, database of equipment
maintenance consists of equipment, maintenance consists of equipment,
records, and maintenance tables. records, and maintenance tables.
Equip ID
Equipment
Rec ID
Record
Maint ID
Maintenance
Equip_ID
Equip_Model
Equip_Type
Equip_Cost
Equip_Age
Rec_ID
Equip_ID
Maint_ID
Rec_MileNumber
Rec_Date
Maint_ID
Maint_Type
Maint_Cost
Material procurement Material procurement
For example database of material For example database of material
MAT ID
For example, database of material For example, database of material
procurement consists of material, procurement consists of material,
order, and project tables order, and project tables
MATERI AL
ORDER ID
ORDER
PROJ ID
PROJ ECT
MAT_ID
MAT_DES
MAT_PRICE
MAT_UNIT
ORDER_ID
MAT_ID
PROJ _ID
ORDER_QUANTITY
ORDER_DATE
PROJ _ID
PROJ _NAME
PROJ _LOCATION
PROJ _CONTACT
PROJ _BUDGET
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Quality control Quality control process process
For example, database of quality For example, database of quality
t l i t f h t l i t f h control process consists of house, control process consists of house,
qc_check, defects and position. qc_check, defects and position.
HOUSE
QC_ID
HOUSE_ID
QC_CHECK
DEF_ID
DEF_NAME
DEFECTS
HOUSE_ID
HOUSE_MODEL
HOUSE_STORY
HOUSE_FL_AREA
HOUSE_BUDGET
DEF_ID
QC_DATE
QC_QUALITY
POS_ID
DEF_COST
DEF_AMOUNT
POS_ID
POS_NAME
POSI TI ON
MAT_ID
MAT_DES
MAT_PRICE
MATERI AL
ORDER_ID
MAT_ID
PROJ _ID
ORDER
MAT_UNIT ORDER_QUANTITY
ORDER_DATE
MAT_ID
MATERI AL
ORDER_ID
ORDER
MAT_DES
MAT_PRICE
MAT_UNIT
MAT_ID
PROJ _ID
ORDER_QUANTITY
ORDER_DATE
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22. Create database . Create database
Table Table Table Table
Query Query
Form Form
Macro Macro
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22. Create database: table . Create database: table
Basic group of information that will Basic group of information that will Basic group of information that will Basic group of information that will
use to store data. use to store data.
The table sometimes has the The table sometimes has the
relationship between each other. relationship between each other.
22. Create database: query . Create database: query
Query is the command that helps to Query is the command that helps to Query is the command that helps to Query is the command that helps to
manipulate information. manipulate information.
Query can link data from one table Query can link data from one table
with other table. Therefore, it can with other table. Therefore, it can
present data in many dimension. present data in many dimension.
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22. Create database: form . Create database: form
Formis an object that helps to Formis an object that helps to Form is an object that helps to Form is an object that helps to
communicate with table/query. communicate with table/query.
In addition, form is one of user In addition, form is one of user
interface that allows user to input and interface that allows user to input and
display information. display information.
22. Create database: . Create database:
macro macro
Macro is the series of command that Macro is the series of command that Macro is the series of command that Macro is the series of command that
automatically interact with user. automatically interact with user.
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33. Input data . Input data
This process involves the transfer of This process involves the transfer of This process involves the transfer of This process involves the transfer of
data into database. data into database.
This data is one of the basic elements This data is one of the basic elements
that need to analyze the information. that need to analyze the information.
In fact, this input data should be In fact, this input data should be
In fact, this input data should be In fact, this input data should be
designed according to the report designed according to the report
output. output.
44. Access and Report data . Access and Report data
Report data is the expected Report data is the expected Report data is the expected Report data is the expected
information, which obtain from data information, which obtain from data
manipulation. manipulation.
The database should be flexible and The database should be flexible and
allows user to manage data in allows user to manage data in
different perspectives. different perspectives.
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http://www.itcon.org/2002/7/paper.pdf
55. Database Language . Database Language
SQL (Structured Query Language) is SQL (Structured Query Language) is SQL (Structured Query Language) is SQL (Structured Query Language) is
the standard language designed to the standard language designed to
interact with data and database. interact with data and database.
SQL can use to create, input, modify SQL can use to create, input, modify
and process data in database. and process data in database.
The processing data includes sorting The processing data includes sorting
and searching data. and searching data.
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SQL database SQL database
Free database applications are Free database applications are Free database applications are Free database applications are
available such as MySQL and SQL available such as MySQL and SQL
Server Express Server Express. .
Commercial database applications are Commercial database applications are
SQL server, IBM, Oracle SQL server, IBM, Oracle
Questions? Questions?

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Computer Applications for Computer Applications for p pp p pp

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