This document provides an introduction to atomic structure and the periodic table. It defines atoms and elements, and explains that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit the nucleus in shells. Atoms are neutral when they have the same number of protons and electrons. Different elements are represented by symbols, while isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different neutrons. Electrons determine chemical properties and each shell can contain a maximum number of electrons, known as the electronic configuration. Noble gases have a completely filled outer shell.
This document provides an introduction to atomic structure and the periodic table. It defines atoms and elements, and explains that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit the nucleus in shells. Atoms are neutral when they have the same number of protons and electrons. Different elements are represented by symbols, while isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different neutrons. Electrons determine chemical properties and each shell can contain a maximum number of electrons, known as the electronic configuration. Noble gases have a completely filled outer shell.
This document provides an introduction to atomic structure and the periodic table. It defines atoms and elements, and explains that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit the nucleus in shells. Atoms are neutral when they have the same number of protons and electrons. Different elements are represented by symbols, while isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different neutrons. Electrons determine chemical properties and each shell can contain a maximum number of electrons, known as the electronic configuration. Noble gases have a completely filled outer shell.
Introduction: All Substances are made of Atoms A substance that has only kind (type) of atoms is called an Element Atoms are made up of three fundamental particles: Protons, Neutrons and Electrons. An atom consists of a small central nucleus (Protons & Neutrons) and around the nucleus you ill find electrons hich are re!ol!in" around the nucleus in shell#orbits. Atoms are neutral ($a!e no char"e) because the number of protons % the number of electrons &reated and Published by Mayur Patel 'epartment of &hemistry (()*+,()*-) $i"h School Attached to $arbin .nstitute of /echnolo"y Symbols: All atoms are represented by a symbol , Some ha!e a capital letter , Some ha!e a &apital letter folloed by a small case letter
Protons: &reated and Published by Mayur Patel 'epartment of &hemistry (()*+,()*-) $i"h School Attached to $arbin .nstitute of /echnolo"y , Protons ha!e a positi!e char"e , Atoms of the same element ha!e the same number of protons , .n a Neutral atom, the number of protons % number of electrons Neutrons: , Neutrons ha!e no char"e , Atoms of the same elements can ha!e different number of neutrons , So, atoms that ha!e the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are called ISOTOPES &reated and Published by Mayur Patel 'epartment of &hemistry (()*+,()*-) $i"h School Attached to $arbin .nstitute of /echnolo"y Electrons: , Electrons ha!e a ne"ati!e char"e , /hey are outside the nucleus in the shells , Electrons are responsible for the chemical properties of an element , E!ery shell can ha!e a certain ma0imum number of electrons &reated and Published by Mayur Patel 'epartment of &hemistry (()*+,()*-) $i"h School Attached to $arbin .nstitute of /echnolo"y Electronic Coni!uration: /he arran"ement of electrons in an atom is called Electronic &onfi"uration E": the electronic confi"uration of &alcium is (,1,1,( E": /he electronic confi"uration of 2a"nesium is (,1,(
&reated and Published by Mayur Patel 'epartment of &hemistry (()*+,()*-) $i"h School Attached to $arbin .nstitute of /echnolo"y Noble "as Coni!uration Atoms that ha!e a completely filled outermost orbit are called Noble 3ases# .nert 3ases# Non 4eacti!e 3ases. E": $e, Ne, Ar555. 6alence Electrons /he electrons in the outermost shell are called !alence electrons. &reated and Published by Mayur Patel 'epartment of &hemistry (()*+,()*-) $i"h School Attached to $arbin .nstitute of /echnolo"y