Ratio & Proportion

of the mixture are removed and the same quantity of

liquid A is added, the ratio becomes4:5. What quantity
doesthe vessel hold?
a) 72 litres b) 90 litres c) 64 litres d) 80 litres
3. A vessel containsliquids A and B in ratio 3 :2. I f 15 litres
of the mixture are removed and the same quantity of
liquid B is added, the ratio becomes2:3. What quantity
doesthe vessel hold?
a) 30 litres b) 35 litres c) 40 litres d) 45 litres
4. A vessel containsliquids A and B in ratio 3 : 1. I f 8 litres
of the mixture are removed and the same quantity of
liquid B is added, the ratio becomes1:3. What quantity
doesthe vessel hold?
a) 12 litres b) 14 litres c) 16 litres d) 10 litres
5. A vessel containsliquids A and B in ratio 7:6. I f 26 litres
of the mixture are removed and the same quantity of
liquid B is added, the ratio becomes6:7. What quantity
doesthe vessel hold?
a) 142 litres b) 172 litres c) 156 litres d) 182 litres
Answers
1. c
2. a; Hint: Seethe 'note'.
The removed quantity contains
A and 18 -10 =8 litresof B. Now,
18
5 + 4
x5 =10litres of
(5 + 4)2
Total quantity = 2 . x quantity of B in the removed
mixture =72 litres.
3.d 4. a 5.d
Rule 38
Ex.: An employer reducesthe number of his employeesin
the ratio 9 : 8 and increasestheir wagesin the ratio 14
: 15. State whether hisbil l of total wages increasesor
decreases, and in what ratio.
Soln: 9: 8
14:15
We know that the total bil l =wage per person * no. of
total employees.
Therefore, the ratio of change in bil l
=9x 14:8x 15 = 126:120=21:20
The ratio showsthat there is a decrease in thebil l .
Note: For a detailed method let the no. of employeesin two
cases=9x & 8x. Wagesin two casesbe 14y & 15 y
Initial wage =9x * 14y = I26xy
Changed wage =8x * 15y =120xy
This showsthe decrease in bil l and ratio is 126xy :
120xy=21:20.
Exercise
1. An employer reducesthe number of his employeesin
the ratio 7 : 6 and increasestheir wagesin i
14. State whether his bill of total wages
decreases, and in what ratio?
a) Increase, 13:12 b) Decrease, 13 :12
c) Increase, 14: 13 d) Decrease, 13:14
2. An employer reducesthe number of his employeesin
the ratio 8 : 7 and increasestheir wagesin the ratio " 1
State whether his bil l of total wages increasesor de-
creases, and in what ratio?
a) Decrease, 4:1 b) Increase, 1 :4
c) Decrease, 5:2 d) Increase, 2 : 5
3. An employer reducesthe number of his employeesin
the ratio 7: 5 and increasestheir wagesin the ratio 10 : 9.
State whether his bil l of total wages increasesor de-
creases, and in what ratio?
a) Decrease, 13:9 b) Decrease 14:9
c) Increase 9:14 d) Increase 9:13
4. An employer reducesthe number of his employeesin
the ratio 8 :3 and increasestheir wagesin the ratio 3 : 8.
State whether his bil l of total wages increasesor de-
creases, and in what ratio?
a) Remains unchanged, 1:1 b) Decrease, 3 : 1
c) Decrease, 2:1 d) Can't be determined
5. An employer reducesthe number of his employeesin
the ratio 9 :4 and increasestheir wagesin the ratio 2:5.
State whether his bil l of total wages increasesor de-
creases, and in what ratio?
a) Decrease, 10:9 b) Increase, 10:9
c) Decrease 9:11 d) Increase, 9:10
Answers
l .b 2. a 3.b 4. a 5.d
Rule 39
Theorem: Two candles of the same height are lighted at the
same time. The first is consumed in Tx hours and the sec-
ond in T2 hours. Assuming that each candle burns at a
constant rate, the time after which the ratio of first candle
to second candle becomes x :y is given by
hours.
X
X
T,-T2
Illustrative Example
Ex.: Two candlesof the same height are lighted at the
same time. The first is consumed in 4 hoursand the
second in 3 hours. Assuming that each candle burns
at a constant rate, in how many hoursafter being
lighted, was the first candle twice the height of the
second?
122 PRACTI CE BOOK ON QUI CKER MATHS
18. a; Let Ram, Gopal and Krishan have rupees x, y and z
respectively.
Then, and
i / z
1_
17
x y
x
y
1 7
x
17 17
49
289
Thus, i f Ram has Rs 49, Krishan has Rs 289.
'289
49
= Rs2890.
I f Ram has Rs 490, Krishan has Rs
x490
19. c; Let the number of students in the class be 2x, 3x and
5x respectively. Then,
(2x + 20): (3x + 20): (5x + 20):: 4:5 :7.
2s + 20 3s + 20 5.X + 20
4 5 7
Solving these equations, we get x = 10.
.-. total number of students in the class
= (2x+3x+5x)=10x=100.
20. a; Let the salaries of Laxman and Gopal one year before
beJ C , , y, and now it be x2, y2 respectively. Then,
3 x.
4 s.
1 A
s'y2
and x2 +y2 =4160
Solving these equations, we get x2 = 1600
21.a;
First number _ 3 3 _ 9
Second number 2 3 6
First number 3 2 6
and ~. , : _ xx ^r = : ~r
Third number 2 2 4
.-. First: Second: Third = 9: 6: 4
As per the question
.-. (9s)2 +{6xf + (4s)2 =532
or, 133s2 =532 or,x = 2
Second Number is 6x = 12
22. c;
bc=l
ac 2
a b
or, a: b = 2:1
a ca _ a
be ca be b b2
4
1
23. a; Let the numbers bex, y.
.-. x+y = c(given)
and (given)
x+y p+q
* = P
c p + q
x =
PC
p + q
and y =
qc_
p + q
Since =
y Q.
24. a; Let the number of coins bex, 3x, 5x, 7x respectively as
rupees, f if ty paise, twenty f ive paise and ten paise.
Since
Number of coin * Valueof coin in rupee = Amount in
rupees
Now, valueof 50-paisecoin in rupee:
Valueof 25-paisecoin in rupee:
1
Value of 10-paisecoin in rupee =
10
or,
(xxl)+
89s
20 "
' f
3xx
2
5x x I H
7xx-
10
= 22.25
22.5 or, x = 5
:. number of rupee coins = 5 x 1=5
Number of 50-paise coins = 3x = 15
Number of 25-paise coins = 5x = 25
Number of 10-paise coins = 7x = 35
25. c; Let the number of boys be 2x and the number of girls
be3x.
120 12*
No. of boys is increased by 20% = 2x x =
, 110 33*
No. of girls is increased by 10% = 3x x - =
The new ratio of the number of boys to that of girls
12s
5
33s
10
8:11
26. a; Let thesum of P, Q, andR be6x, 19x and 7x.
.-. total sum = 6x + 19x + 7x=32x
Fromthe question
6x:19x+200:7x-200= 3:10:3
ie6x = 7x-200 .-. x = 200
.-. total sum = 32 x 200 = Rs 6400
27. b; 35percentof x + y =
120
100
y
35s + 100>- 120 ^
or, = y => 35s = 20y
100 100
Ratio & Proportion
^ =7:4
a
b
20
5 , 4 2
-- b = -a Given, (40% of a =) - a =12.
4 5 5
123
33. d; Here, neither the total amount nor the individual
amount is given. So the share of Q cannot be deter-
mined.
a 2
34. a; Given - ^
o J
.-. a =5 x6and 6 =^x5x6 =24
, 24 ,
;. 50% of b = =12
2
29.d; P:Q:R =5:8:12
Total share of Q and R 8 +12 20
=4
Share of P 5 5
So, we see that not new information has been given
in question and P's share can't be determined.
30. b; Let the first and the second numbers be x and y re-
spectively then
y +30% of x =140% of y or, y +0.3x =1.4y
or, 0.3x =0.4y .-. x: y =0.4:0.3 =4:3
31. a; Let the first and second number be x and y respec-
tively
y-xx
25
100
yx-
1
x:y =2:3
Let the numbers be y andx respectively.
4x 4x y
x +50%of ^=or, -
Now,
3a + 4b
4a + 5b A a .
4| - | + 5
[Dividing numerator and
denominator by b.]
3x- +4
5
4x~+ 5
5
26
33
.-. (3a+4b): (4a +5b) =26:33
35. a; Ratio of values of the coins:
5 6 7
1 2 4
=20:12:7
Value of one-rupee coins =Rs
Value of 50-paise coins =Rs 3 9 0 X T T = R S 120
390,3
v 3 9
12
Rs 200
39
Value of 25-paise coins =Rs ^3 9 0x ^ j =Rs 70
.-. Number of one-rupee coins =200
Number of 50-paise coins =(120 x 2) =240
Number of 25-paise coins =(70 M) =280.