ECUADOR

ECUADORS SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STRUCTURE

Sense of identity Ecuador has a large
indigenous population.
Social hierarchy >> indigenous people have
the lowest socio-economic means.
Represented by CONAIE (Pressure group)

MILITARY GOVERNMENTS (1960-1979)
- Oil Era (3
rd
Economic Boom)
*Catalyst for 1972 coup of President Ibarra
*Military spoken nationalist terms Inspiring the
people.

-Military governed was is said to be Ecuadors
most stable and economic era.
Oil Industry nationalized, Infrastructure,
development, urbanization, expansion of the
middle class

TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY
1974 military government lost public support
rapidly.
*Military keeping a majority of the oil
revenues to itself Not distributing wealth to
the nation.
Public demanded a democracy
*1972 was the first democratically elected
president
CURRENT DEMOCRACY RAFAEL CORREA
2000 Coup Crash in Banking system

2007 till now: Rafael is a leftist-wing populist
Ecuadors 20
th
constitution
Increased spending in education
Reliant on a single export for income: Oil prices
are high
Default on loans; Partnership with China
Increased control of the press
WHAT IS NEEDED
A larger-non commodity based economy
(Will encourage FDI)
Continued expenditure on education
Integration of indigenous people in positions
of authority and decision making (GEM)
Transparency, good governance, and
accountability.
PREDICTION OF THE STATE OF ECUADORS
DEMOCRACY
Stagnation in democracy >>> autocracy
- Rafaels control on the media
Partnership with China
Reliance on Oil
Corruption
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliography
Cohen, Isaac. "Democracy and Economic Growth in Latin America." In Latin American Democracy, edited by Richard L. Millet, Jennifer S. Holmes, and Orlando J. Perez, 284-300.
New York, NY: Routledge, 2009.

"Ecuador." In The CIA World Factbook. N.p.: n.p., 2008. Accessed September 17, 2013. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ec.html.


"Equador." Columbia International Affairs Online. Last modified 2008. Accessed September 18, 2013. http://www.ciaonet.org/atlas/EC/.


Freedom House. "Charts and Graphs." Freedom House. Accessed November 21, 2013. http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world-2013/charts-and-graphs.

Freedom House. "Ecuador." Freedom House. Accessed November 20, 2013. http://www.freedomhouse.org/country/ecuador.

Gerlach, Allen. Indians, Oil, and Politics: a recent history of Ecuador. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Inc., 2003.

Holmes, Jennifer S. "Democratic Consolidation in Latin America?" In Latin American Democracy, edited by Richard L. Millet, Jennifer S. Holmes, and Orlando J. Perez, 5-20. New
York, NY: Routledge, 2009.

Latinobarometro. "2010 Report." Latinobarometro Corporation. Accessed November 21, 2013. http://www.asep-sa.org/latinobarometro/LATBD_Latinobarometro_Report_2010.pdf.

Lucero, Jose Antonio. "Crisis and Contention in Ecuador." Journal of Democracy 12, no. 2 (April 2001): 59-73.

Marwick, Sandy. "Ecuador." Europa World Online. Last modified 2003-2013. Accessed September 18, 2013. http://www.europaworld.com/entry/ec.hi.


Partlow, Joshua, and Stephan Kuffner. "Voters in Ecuador Approve Constitution." The Washington Post. Last modified September 29, 2008. Accessed November 19, 2013.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/28/AR2008092802644.html.

Trading Economics. "School Enrollment; Tertiary (% Gross) in Ecuador." Trading Economics. Accessed November 20, 2013. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/ecuador/school-
enrollment-tertiary-percent-gross-wb-data.html.

Trading Economics "United States GDP Per Capita PPP." Trading Economics. Accessed November 19, 2013. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/gdp-per-capita-ppp.

Transparency International. "Corruption Perceptions Index 2012." Transparency International. Accessed November 21, 2013. http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2012/results/.

United Nations. "Gender Empowerment Measure." Human Development Report. Accessed November 19, 2013. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_GEM.pdf.

The World Bank Group. "Ecuador." The World Bank. Accessed November 18, 2013. http://data.worldbank.org/country/ecuador.