Chapter two Slab

design

42

3 Slab design

A
B
C
D
1' 2' 3' 4'
1 2 3 4
A
'
B
'
C
'
D
'
R0.28m
0.57m
0.40m
0.40m
5.00m
7.00m
5.50m
2.50m
0.57m
R0.28m
0.40m
0.40m
2.00m
1.10m
1.65m
0.40m
0.40m
7.0 m
5.0 m 5.0 m
15.0 m
22.0 m
EE
'
S1
S2
S3
S4 S5
S6
S7 S8 S9
S10
S11 S12

Chapter two Slab
design

43

Figure (2-1) plan of slab and notations.
In multistory building, there isnt rectangular reinforced concrete
beam in whole frame; all beams are T-shape or L-shape.






Figure (2-2) T-beam and L-beam.
Design of two way slabs
There are several methods for analysis and design of two way slab systems;
more useful methods include:
1. Direct Design Method DDM.
2. Equivalent Frame Method EFM.
3. Yield Line Theory YLT.
4. Coefficient method.
The ACI code 13.5.1.1 specifies two methods for designing two-way slabs for
gravity loads, its Direct Design Method and Equivalent Frame Method.
1. Direct Design Method
The code 13.6 provides a procedure with which a set of moment coefficients
can be determined. The method in effect ,involves a single cycle moment
distribution analysis of the structure based on (a) the estimated flexural
stiffness of the slabs, beams(if any) and columns (b) the torsional stiffnesses of
the slabs and beams(if any) transverse to the direction in which flexural
h
be
t
h
bw
be
t
bw
Chapter two Slab
design

44

moments are being determined. Some types of moment coefficients have been
used statistically for many years for slab design. They do not, however, give
very satisfactory results for slabs with unsymmetrical dimensions and loading
patterns.
Limitations of DDM:
1. There shall be minimum of three continuous spans in each direction.
The panels shall be rectangular, with the ratio of longer to shorter spans within
a panel not greater than 2.
3. The successive span lengths in each direction shall not differ by more than
one third the longer span.
4. Columns may be offset a maximum of 10 percent of the span in the direction
of the offset from either axis between centerlines of successive columns.
5. All loads must be due gravity and uniformly distributed, the live load shall
not exceed 2 times of dead load.
6. If beams are used on the columns lines, the relative stiffness of the beams in
the tow perpendicular directions, given by the ratio

, must be between
0.2 and 5.
2. Equivalent Frame Method
In this method a portion of the structure is taken out by itself, the same
stiffness values used for direct design method are used for equivalent frame
method. This latter method, which is very satisfactory for symmetrical frames
as well as for those with unusual dimensions or loadings.
The only difference between the DDM and the EFM is in the determination of
the longitudinal moments in the spans of the equivalent rigid frame. Whereas
the DDM involves one cycle moment distribution, the EFM involves a normal
moment distribution of several cycles. The design moments obtained by either
method are distributed to column and middle strips in the same fashion. There
are no such limitations (as in DDM) on EFM. This is a very important matter
Chapter two Slab
design

45

because so many floor systems do not meet the limitations specified for the
DDM.

3. Yield Line Theory
Although the yield line theory not included in the ACI code slab analysis by this
method may be useful in providing the needed information for understanding
the behavior of irregular or single panel with various boundary condition.
A yield line analysis uses rigid plastic theory to compute the failure loads
corresponding to given plastic moment resistances in various parts of the slab.
It does not give any information about deflections or about the loads at which
yielding first starts.
K.W Johansson 1948 developed modern yield line theory. These types of
analysis are widely used for the design in the Scandinavian countries. Although
the concepts of YLT was first presented by Ingerslev 1921-23. For solving the
yield line problems two methods are available







Figure (2-3) mode of failure of a slab.
For designing two way slabs (continuous system) all supports are assumed to be fixed and several
modes of failure are taken into consideration to find the ultimate capacity of the slab.
1.Equilibrium Method 2.Virtual Work Method

Chapter two Slab
design

46

4. Coefficient method:
(Method 3 of the ACI-code 1963 (Marcos method).
Limitation of coefficient method:
1. The method is applicable for slabs supported of the edges by required
concrete walls, steel beams or monolithic concrete beams having total
depth, h3 hf.
2. The design is based on coefficient from tables for the middle strip of the
slab.
3. The moment at the discontinuous edge is taken as 1/3 of the positive
moment.
4. The moments at the column strip are taken as 2/3 of that at the middle
strip.
Slab design calculation:
The slabs in the our project are designed by coefficient method.
For slab(1) with panels (7*5).
1. slab thickness:
i. Perimeter= 2*(5+7)=24 m.
t
primary
=

=133.33 mm.
t
provided
by architecture =180 mm not economic.
ii. finding t by DDM.






600
150
1300 mm
400mm
850mm
150mm
400mm
h
=
6
0
0

m
m

Chapter two Slab
design

47

Figure (2-3) dimension of beam cross-sections.
beT-section=bw+2(h-t)bw+8t
beL-section=bw+ (h-t)bw+4t
kf
1
=
(

)(
t
hf
)(
t
hf
(
t
hf
)

)(
t
hf
)

)(
t
hf
)

KfL-beam=1.388
KfT-beam=1.642
Ib T-beam=

=11.822*10
9
mm
4

Ib L-beam=

=9.993*10
9
mm
4

Is:
Sec 1 Is=2500*

=0.703*10
9
mm
4

Sec 2 Is=3500*

=0.984*10
9
mm
4

Sec 3 Is=5000*

=1.406*10
9
mm
4

Sec 4 Is=7000*

=1.968*10
9
mm
4

Sec 5 Is=2500*

=0.703*10
9
mm
4

Sec 6 Is=6250*

=1.758*10
9
mm
4

=

1=14.214
2=10.155

1
From Chu-kia Wang , Charles G. Salmon, Jose A. Pincheira, Reinforced concrete design,7
th
ed.,2007,John
Wiley & sons inc., page 632.

Chapter two Slab
design

48

3=8.408
4=6.0
5=14.214
6=6.724
m for each panel:
panel A m=

=9.694
panel B m=

=8.242
panel C m=

=8.836
panel D m=

=7.385
panel E m=

=9.0175
panel F m=

=7.566
*For all panels m >2.0 Use ACI eq.9.13
tmin=

c=

=1.434
for critical panel A,B ln=7000-400=6600mm
tmin=

=141.68 mm use 150mm

Chapter two Slab
design

49

2. Weights:
L.L= 4 KPa
Selfweight=([0.05+0.02]*23)+(0.15*
24)+(0.02*14)
Self weight= 5.49 KPa use 5.5 KPa.
W
u
= 1.2 W
ud.l
+1.6 W
ul.l
2


W
ud
=1.2*5.5=6.6 KPa.
W
ul
=1.6*4=6.4 KPa.
W
u
=6.6+6.4=13.0 KPa.
3. Using coefficient method to determining factored moments:
la and lb are clear spans.
la=shorter span length, m.
lb=longer span length, m.
la=5.0-0.4=4.6 m
lb=7-0.4=6.6 m
m=
la
l
=

=0.69690.7
from appendix(B), table (B-1,2,3,4) case 4 for one end continuous in each
direction may be critical case for slabs (multi-bays).
Negative moments:
For m=0.7
Ca=0.081
Cb=0.019
Ma=Ca Wu la
2
=0.081*13.0*4.6
2
=22.28 kN.m
Mb=Cb Wu lb
2


2
From ASCE 7-05, page 5.
Tile
Plastering (gypsum) R.C slab
Mortar
15 cm
2
5
2
figure(2-4)slab layers.




7
.
0
m

5.0m
M
b

Ma
These slab moments
becomes torsion (t
u
) on
the beams.
Chapter two Slab
design

50

=0.019*13.0*6.6
2
=10.76 kN.m
Positive moments:
Dead positive moments:
Ca=0.046
Cb=0.011
Ma=0.046*6.6*4.6
2
=6.42 kN.m
Mb=0.011*6.6*6.6
2
=3.16 kN.m
Live load positive moments:
Ca=0.057
Cb=0.014
Ma=0.057*6.4*4.6
2
=7.72 kN.m
Mb=0.014*6.4*6.6
2
=3.90 kN.m
Total positive moments:
Ma
total
=Ma
L
+Ma
D

Ma
total
=6.42+7.72=14.14 kN.m
Mb
total
=Mb
L
+Mb
D

Mb
total
=3.16+3.9=7.06 kN.m
4. Determining Reinforcement:
In two way slab the main reinforcement placed in two directions.
Reinforcement can be determining according to (7.12) ACI 318M-08:
i. Slab with grade 50 (350 MPa) or less
min
=0.002.
ii. Slab with grade 60 (420 MPa)
min
=0.0018.
iii. Slab with grade more than 60
min
=0.0018*

f
but
min
should not
less than 0.0014.
Use fy=350 MPa, fc=21 MPa.

min
=0.002
The down main reinforcement is along shorter span.
Negative moments:
Short direction reinforcement:

Figure (2-5) panel (1,3)
Chapter two Slab
design

51

d= 150-20-

=123.65 mm.
Ma=22.28 kN.m

m
(1-
mR
f
)
m=
f
fc
; R=
u
d

m=

=19.6 ; R=

=1.619140

(1-

)=0.004858 >
min
=0.002 ok.
As= bd=0.004858*1000*123.65=600.609 mm
2
/m
Use 13Ab=129 mm
2

No. of bars=

=4.65588 bars/m
Spacing=

=214.78 mm
S
max
=2h=2*150=300 mm S
provided
=214.78mm Ok.
Use S=200 mm
Use No. 13@200 mm.
Long direction reinforcement:
d= 150-20-

-12.7=110.95 mm.
Mb=10.76 kN.m

m
(1-
mR
f
)
m=
f
fc
; R=
u
d

m=

=19.6; R=

=0.971153
Chapter two Slab
design

52

(1-

)=0.002855 >
min
=0.002 ok.
As= bd=0.002855*1000*110.95=316.719 mm
2
/m
Use 13Ab=129 mm
2

No. of bars=

=2.455 bars/m
Spacing=

=407.33 mm
S
max
=2h=2*150=300 mm S
provided
=407.33 mm not Ok.
Use S=300 mm
Use No. 13@300 mm.
Positive moment reinforcements (mid span reinforcement):
Short direction reinforcement:
d= 150-20-

=123.65 mm.
Ma=14.14 kN.m

m
(1-
mR
f
)
m=
f
fc
; R=
u
d

m=

=19.6 ; R=

=1.02759

(1-

)=0.003026 >
min
=0.002 ok.
As= bd=0.003026*1000*123.65=374.125 mm
2
/m
Use 13Ab=129 mm
2

No. of bars=

=2.9 bars/m
Spacing=

=344.8 mm
Chapter two Slab
design

53

S
max
=2h=2*150=300 mm S
provided
=344.8mm not ok.
Use S=300 mm
Use No. 13@300 mm.
Long direction reinforcement:
d= 150-20-

-12.7=110.95 mm.
Mb=7.06 kN.m

m
(1-
mR
f
)
m=
f
fc
; R=
u
d

m=

=19.6 ; R=

=0.0.6372

(1-

)=0.0018544 <
min
=0.002 use
min
.
As= bd=0.002*1000*110.95=221.9 mm
2
/m
Use 13Ab=129 mm
2

No. of bars=

=1.720 bars/m
Spacing=

=581.343 mm
S
max
=2h=2*150=300 mm S
provided
=581.343 mm not Ok.
Use S=300 mm
Use No. 13@300 mm.
5. Check for shear:
Also by coefficient method [appendix (B-4)].
m=
la
l
=0.7
Wa=0.81
Wb=0.19
Chapter two Slab
design

54

Wa,WbBoth direction is checked.
Vu
short
=
Wa

=24.22 kN
Vu
long
=
W

=8.15 kN

Strength of slab:
=0.75
Vc=
fc

*b*d
Vc=

*1000*123.65
Vc=94.439 kN
Vc=70.83 kN
Vc=70.83 >24. 22 Ok. for shear.
Design of slab (7) with panel 5.5*5.0:
la=5.0-0.4=4.6 m
lb=5.5-0.4=5.1 m
m=
la
l
=

=0.9
from appendix(B), table (B-1,2,3,4) case 9 for three end continuous may be
critical case for slabs (multi-bays).
Negative moments:
For m=0.9
Ca=0.068
Cb=0.025
Ma=Ca Wu la
2
=0.068*13.0*4.6
2
=18.71 kN.m
Mb=Cb Wulb
2
=0.025*13.0*5.1
2
=8.453 kN.m
Positive moments:
Dead positive moments:
Ca=0.026
Cb=0.015
Ma=0.026*6.6*4.6
2
=3.63 kN.m
5.0 m
5
.
5

m

Figure (2-6) panel (7).
Chapter two Slab
design

55

Mb=0.015*6.6*5.1
2
=2.58 kN.m
Live load positive moments:
Ca=0.036
Cb=0.022
Ma=0.036*6.4*4.6
2
=4.88 kN.m
Mb=0.022*6.4*5.1
2
=3.66 kN.m
Total positive moments:
Ma
total
=Ma
L
+Ma
D

Ma
total
=3.63+4.88=8.51 kN.m
Mb
total
=Mb
L
+Mb
D

Mb
total
=2.58+3.66=6.24 kN.m
6. Determining Reinforcement:
Short direction reinforcement:
Negative reinforcement:
d= 150-20-

=123.65 mm.
Ma=18.71 kN.m

m
(1-
mR
f
)
m=
f
fc
; R=
u
d

m=

=19.6 ; R=

=1.3597

(1-

)=0.004045 >
min
=0.002 ok.
As= bd=0.004045*1000*123.65=500.191 mm
2
/m
Use 13Ab=129 mm
2

No. of bars=

=3.878 bars/m
Spacing=

=257.9 mm
Chapter two Slab
design

56

S
max
=2h=2*150=300 mm S
provided
=257.9mm ok.
Use S=250 mm
Use No. 13@250 mm.
Long direction reinforcement:
d= 150-20-

-12.7=110.95 mm.
Mb=8.45 kN.m

m
(1-
mR
f
)
m=
f
fc
; R=
u
d

m=

=19.6 ; R=

=0.7708

(1-

)=0.002252 >
min
=0.002 ok.
As= bd=0.002242*1000*110.95=249.87 mm
2
/m
Use 13Ab=129 mm
2

No. of bars=

=1.937 bars/m
Spacing=

=516.27 mm
S
max
=2h=2*150=300 mm S
provided
=516.27 mm not ok.
Use S=300 mm
Use No. 13@300 mm.
Positive moment reinforcements (mid span reinforcement):
Short direction reinforcement:
d= 150-20-

=123.65 mm.
Chapter two Slab
design

57

Ma=8.51 kN.m

m
(1-
mR
f
)
m=
f
fc
; R=
u
d

m=

=19.6 ; R=

=0.61844

(1-

)=0.001799 <
min
=0.002 not ok.
As= bd=0.002*1000*123.65=247.3 mm
2
/m
Use 13Ab=129 mm
2

No. of bars=

=1.9171 bars/m
Spacing=

=521.63 mm
S
max
=2h=2*150=300 mm S
provided
=463.55mm not ok.
Use S=300 mm
Use No. 13@300 mm.
Long direction reinforcement:
d= 150-20-

-12.7=110.95 mm.
Mb=6.24 kN.m

m
(1-
mR
f
)
m=
f
fc
; R=
u
d

m=

=19.6 ; R=

=0.5632

(1-

)=0.001635 <
min
=0.002 not ok.
Chapter two Slab
design

58

As= bd=0.002*1000*110.95=221.9 mm
2
/m
Use 13Ab=129 mm
2

No. of bars=

=1.72 bars/m
Spacing=

=581.34 mm
S
max
=2h=2*150=300 mm S
provided
=581.34 mm not Ok.
Use S=300 mm
Use No. 13@300 mm.
7. Check for shear:
Also by coefficient method [appendix (-)].
m=
la
l
=0.9
Wa=0.75
Wb=0.25
Wa,WbBoth direction is checked.
Vu
short
=
Wa

=
7

=22.43 kN
Vu
long
=
W

=8.29 kN
Strength of slab:
=0.75
Vc=
fc

*b*d
Vc=

*1000*123.65
Vc=94.44 kN
Vc=70.83 kN
Vc=70.83 >22.43 Ok. for shear.
Design of cantilever slab (12):
All slabs are (5*2.5)
la=2.5-.2=2.3 m
lb=5-0.4=4.6 m
Chapter two Slab
design

59

m=
la
l
=

=0.5
from appendix(B), table(B-1) case 4 for one end continuous in each
direction may be critical case for slabs (multi-bays).
Negative moments:
For m=0.5
Ca=0.094
Cb=0.060
Ma=Ca Wu la
2
=0.094*13*2.3
2

=6.46 kN.m
Mb=Cb Wu lb
2

=0.006*13.0*4.6
2
=1.65 kN.m

*Cantilever slab there isnt positive moment.
Finding reinforcement:
Short direction reinforcement:
d= 150-20-

=123.65 mm.
Ma=6.46 kN.m

m
(1-
mR
f
)
m=
f
fc
; R=
u
d

m=

=19.6 ; R=

=0.4694

(1-

)=0.00136 <
min
=0.002 use =0.002 .
As= bd=0.002*1000*123.65=247.3 mm
2
/m
Use 13Ab=129 mm
2

No. of bars=

=1.917 bars/m
2
.
5

m

5.0 m
figure (2-7) panel(10,12).
Chapter two Slab
design

60

Spacing=

=521.63 mm
S
max
=2h=2*150=300 mm S
provided
=521.63mm not ok.
Use S=300 mm
Use No. 13@300 mm.
Long direction reinforcement:
d= 150-20-

-12.7=110.95 mm.
Mb=1.65 kN.m

m
(1-
mR
f
)
m=
f
fc
; R=
u
d

m=

=19.6 ; R=

=0.1489

(1-

)=0.0004273 <
min
=0.002 NOT
As= bd=0.002*1000*110.95=221.9 mm
2
/m
Use 13Ab=129 mm
2

No. of bars=

=1.72 bars/m
Spacing=

=581.34 mm
S
max
=2h=2*150=300 mm S
provided
=581.34 mm OK.
Use S=300 mm
Use No. 13@300 mm.
Check for shear:
Also by coefficient method [appendix (-)].
Chapter two Slab
design

61

m=
la
l
=0.5

Wa=0.94
Wb=0.06
Wa,WbBoth direction is checked.
Vu
short
=
Wa

=14.05 kN

Vu
long
=
W

=1.79 kN

Strength of slab:
=0.75
Vc=
fc

*b*d
Vc=

*1000*123.65
Vc=94.439 kN
Vc=70.83 kN
Vc=70.83 >14.05 Ok. for shear.
Design of slab 6:
Panel 6 can be divided into three one-way slab systems.
Slab 1
la
l
=

=0.27 < 0.5 one way slab

Slab 2
la
l
=

=0.457 < 0.5 one way slab

Slab 3
la
l
=

=0.428 < 0.5 one way slab

7
.
0

m

5
.
4

m

1
.
6
m

5.0 m
1.5m
3.5 m



3
.
5
m

1.5m
2
1
3
Chapter two Slab
design

62

Design of slab1 @ panel 6:
Wu=13.0 kN.m
1. Check depth for moment and shear:
a. Check for moment:
Mu
cantilever
=
Wul

Mu= fy b d (1-

7 fc
)
Mu
cantilever
=

=14.63 kN.m
14.63*10=0.9*350*0.01*1000*d*(1-

)
d=71.75 mm < 123.65 ok.
b. Check for shear:
Vu=Wu.l= 13.0* 1.5=19.5 kN
VuVc
Vc=

bd
19.5=0.75*

d=34.04 mm < 123.65 mm ok.
2. Finding reinforcement:
Mu= As fy z
Assume z=0.925 d
d=123.65 mm
14.63*10=0.9*As*350*0.925*123.65
As=406.067 mm
Number of bars=
As
A
=

=3.1478 bars
Spacing=

oof ars
=

7
=317.68 mm
S
max
=3h=3*150=450 mm
Chapter two Slab
design

63

S
max
=450 mm
S
max
=

f
-2h=

-2*20=412.38 mm
S
max
=

=360 mm
S
provided
=317.68 < all S
max

Use No. 13@300 mm
Design of slab2 @ panel 6:
Wu=13.0 kN.m
1. Check depth for moment and shear:
a. Check for moment:
Mu
cantilever
=
Wul

Mu= fy b d (1-

7 fc
)
Mu
cantilever
=

=16.64 kN.m
16.64*10=0.9*350*0.01*1000*d*(1-

)
d=76.53 mm < 123.65 ok.
b. Check for shear:
Vu=Wu.l= 13.0* 1.6=20.8 kN
VuVc
Vc=

bd
20.8=0.75*

d=36.31 mm < 123.65 mm ok.
2. Finding reinforcement:
Mu= As fy z
Assume z=0.925 d
Chapter two Slab
design

64

d=123.65 mm
16.64*10=0.9*As*350*0.925*123.65
As=461.856 mm
Number of bars=
As
A
=

=3.58 bars
Spacing=

oof ars
=

=279.31 mm
S
max
=3h=3*150=450 mm
S
max
=450 mm
S
max
=

f
-2h=

-2*20=412.38 mm
S
max
=

=360 mm
S
provided
=279.31 < all S
max

Use No. 13@275 mm
Design of slab3 @ panel 6:
Wu=13.0 kN.m
3. Check depth for moment and shear:
c. Check for moment:
Mu
cantilever
=
Wul

Mu= fy b d (1-

7 fc
)
Mu
cantilever
=

=14.63 kN.m
14.63*10=0.9*350*0.01*1000*d*(1-

)
d=71.75 mm < 123.65 ok.
d. Check for shear:
Vu=Wu.l= 13.0* 1.5=19.5 kN
VuVc
Vc=

bd
Chapter two Slab
design

65

19.5=0.75*

d=34.04 mm < 123.65 mm ok.
4. Finding reinforcement:
Mu= As fy z
Assume z=0.925 d
d=123.65 mm
14.63*10=0.9*As*350*0.925*123.65
As=406.067 mm
Number of bars=
As
A
=

=3.1478 bars
Spacing=

oof ars
=

7
=317.68 mm
S
max
=3h=3*150=450 mm
S
max
=450 mm
S
max
=

f
-2h=

-2*20=412.38 mm
S
max
=

=360 mm
S
provided
=317.68 < all S
max

Use No. 13@300 mm
S
max
=

=360 mm
S
provided
=255 < all S
max

Use No. 13@250 mm
Other holes and openings can be neglected because all panels remain two-
way system.








Chapter two Slab
design

66

Table of moments, ,As, and spacing of the floor panels:
Negative parameters:
fc=21 MPa; fy=350 Mpa
by using 13mm(Ab=129 mm
2
)
min=0.002 for fy<420 Mpa.
Max. spacing for t
slab
=150 mm is 300mm.
WD.L=5.5 KPa ;WL.L=4 KPa(for all floors)
Wu=13 KN/m
2

b=1000 mm; da=123.65 mm; db=110.95mm
Ma=Ca*Lna*Wu; Mb=Cb*Lnb*Wu
Slab
No.
La Lb
ha
col.
hb
col. Lan Lbn m
Cas
e
NO. Ca Cb Ma Mb a Asa Sa b Asb Sb
S1 5.0 7.0 0.40 0.40 4.60 6.60 0.70 4 0.078 0.021 21.46 11.89 0.0047 577.29 223.5 0.0032 351.16 300.0
S2 5.0 7.0 0.40 0.45 4.60 6.60 0.70 8 0.068 0.029 18.71 16.42 0.0040 500.07 258.0 0.0044 491.21 262.6
S3 5.0 7.0 0.40 0.40 4.60 6.55 0.70 4 0.081 0.019 22.28 10.60 0.0049 600.66 214.8 0.0028 311.80 300.0
S4 5.0 7.0 0.45 0.40 4.60 6.60 0.70 9 0.081 0.011 22.28 6.23 0.0049 600.66 214.8 0.0016 221.90 300.0
S5 5.0 7.0 0.51 0.51 4.49 6.49 0.69 2 0.074 0.017 19.42 9.32 0.0042 519.96 248.1 0.0025 273.16 300.0
S6 5.0 7.0 0.45 0.40 4.55 6.60 0.69 9 0.081 0.011 21.80 6.23 0.0047 587.01 219.8 0.0016 221.90 300.0
S7 5.0 5.5 0.40 0.40 4.55 5.10 0.89 8 0.068 0.025 18.30 8.45 0.0040 488.81 263.9 0.0022 247.28 300.0
S8 5.0 5.5 0.45 0.45 4.60 5.10 0.90 2 0.055 0.037 15.13 12.51 0.0032 401.20 300.0 0.0033 370.07 300.0
S9 5.0 5.5 0.40 0.40 4.55 5.05 0.90 8 0.068 0.025 18.30 8.29 0.0040 488.81 263.9 0.0022 242.34 300.0
S10 2.5 5.0 0.20 0.40 2.30 4.60 0.50 4 0.094 0.006 6.46 1.65 0.0014 247.30 300.0 0.0004 221.90 300.0
S11 2.5 5.0 0.20 0.40 2.30 4.60 0.50 8 0.089 0.010 6.12 2.75 0.0013 247.30 300.0 0.0007 221.90 300.0
S12 2.5 5.0 0.20 0.40 2.30 4.60 0.50 4 0.094 0.006 6.46 1.65 0.0014 247.30 300.0 0.0004 221.90 300.0
Chapter two Slab
design

67


Positive parameters:
fc=21 MPa; fy=350 Mpa
by using 13mm(Ab=129 mm
2
)
min=0.002 for fy<420 Mpa.
Max. spacing for t
slab
=150 mm is 300mm.
WuD.L=6.6 KN/m
2
(factored dead load); WuL.L=6.4KPa (factored live load).
b=1000 mm; da=123.65 mm; db=110.95mm
MaD.L=CaD.L*Lna*WuD.L; MbD.L=CbD.L*Lnb*WuD.L
MaL.L=CaL.L*Lna*WuL.L; MbL.L=CbL.L*Lnb*WuL.L
MaTot. =MaD.L+MaL.L; MbTot.=MbD.L+MbL.L
Slab
No.
Lan Lbn m
Case
NO.
Ca
D.L
Cb
D.L
Ma
D.L
Mb
D.L
Ca
L.L
Cb
L.L
Ma
L.L
Mb
L.L
Ma
Tot.
Mb
Tot.
a Asa Sa b Asb Sb
S1 4.60 6.60 0.70 4 0.046 0.011 6.42 3.16 0.057 0.014 7.72 3.90 14.14 7.07 0.0030 374.2 300 0.0019 221.9 300
S2 4.60 6.60 0.70 8 0.040 0.011 5.59 3.16 0.054 0.014 7.31 3.90 12.90 7.07 0.0028 340.4 300 0.0019 221.9 300
S3 4.60 6.55 0.70 4 0.046 0.011 6.42 3.11 0.057 0.014 7.72 3.84 14.14 6.96 0.0030 374.2 300 0.0018 221.9 300
S4 4.60 6.60 0.70 9 0.033 0.006 4.61 1.72 0.050 0.011 6.77 3.07 11.38 4.79 0.0024 299.3 300 0.0013 221.9 300
S5 4.49 6.49 0.69 2 0.030 0.007 4.00 1.95 0.049 0.012 6.33 3.24 10.33 5.19 0.0022 270.9 300 0.0014 221.9 300
S6 4.55 6.60 0.69 9 0.033 0.006 4.51 1.72 0.050 0.011 6.62 3.07 11.13 4.79 0.0024 292.6 300 0.0013 221.9 300
S7 4.55 5.10 0.89 8 0.025 0.019 3.42 3.26 0.035 0.024 4.64 4.00 8.05 7.26 0.0017 247.3 300 0.0019 221.9 300
S8 4.60 5.10 0.90 2 0.022 0.000 3.07 0.00 0.034 0.022 4.60 3.66 7.68 3.66 0.0016 247.3 300 0.0010 221.9 300
S9 4.55 5.05 0.90 8 0.025 0.019 3.42 3.20 0.035 0.024 4.64 3.92 8.05 7.12 0.0017 247.3 300 0.0019 221.9 300
S10 2.30 4.60 0.50 4 0.059 0.004 2.06 0.56 0.077 0.005 2.61 0.68 4.67 1.24 0.0010 247.3 300 0.0003 221.9 300
S11 2.30 4.60 0.50 8 0.056 0.004 1.96 0.56 0.076 0.005 2.57 0.68 4.53 1.24 0.0009 247.3 300 0.0003 221.9 300
S12 2.30 4.60 0.50 4 0.059 0.004 2.06 0.56 0.077 0.005 2.61 0.68 4.67 1.24 0.0010 247.3 300 0.0003 221.9 300
Chapter two Slab
design

68

Design of over roof slab:
7.00
5
.
0
0
0
.
3
0
0.30
PARAPET
SLAB
0
.
3
0
? 1
d
d
? 2


By using yield line method we can find moment of the slab:
W=Wu*[(

*5*

)+(

*(

)
2
*

*2 )+( 2*

*)]
=Wu*(2.0833+2.0833+2.5)*
W=6.667**Wu ..(1)
1=2=

M=(Mn+Mp)*5*1+(Mn+Mp)*7*2
M=(Mn+Mp)*5*

+(Mn+Mp)*7*

M=4.8*(Mn+Mp)*
Assume Mn=2Mp
M=14.4*Mp* (2)
By equating (1) and (2) we get the slab moments:
M=W

2
1

Figure (3-9) detail of parapet slab.
Chapter two Slab
design

69

Wu=(1.2D.L+1.6L.L)
LL=1.5 KPa for parapet.
Wu=(1.2*5.5)+(1.6*1.5)=9.0 KN/m
2

6.667*9=14.4*Mp
Mp=4.166 KN.m
Mn=2*4.166=8.33KN.m
Design for negative reinforcement:
Using fy=350 MPa, fc=21 MPa.

min
=0.002
d= 150 -20-

=123.65 mm (using 13mm).

m
(1-
mR
f
)
m=
f
fc
; R=
u
d

m=

=19.6 ; R=

=0.60536

(1-

)=0.0017599 <
min
=0.002
Use min=0.002
As= bd=0.002*1000*123.65=247.3 mm
2
/m
Use 13Ab=129 mm
2
No. of bars=

=1.917bars/m
Spacing=

=521.63 mm
S
max
=2h=2*150=300 mm S
provided
=521.63mm NOT OK.
Chapter two Slab
design

70

Use S=300 mm ;Use No. 13@300 mm.Other direction and positive
reinforcement also minimum control.
Use 13mm@300mm c/c.
Table (2-1) distribution of the reinforcement for the floor panels.
Slab No. Short Long
Top Bottom Top Bottom
Right 13@200 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
S1 Mid .. 13@300 mm c/c .. 13@300 mm c/c
Left 13@200 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
Right 13@225 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@250 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
S2 Mid ..... 13@300 mm c/c .. 13@300 mm c/c
Left 13@225 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@250 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
Right 13@200 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
S3 Mid .. 13@300 mm c/c .. 13@300 mm c/c
Left 13@200 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
Right 13@200 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
S4 Mid .. 13@300 mm c/c .. 13@300 mm c/c
Left 13@200 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
Right 13@225 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
S5 Mid .. 13@300 mm c/c .. 13@300 mm c/c
Left 13@225 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
S6-1 13@300mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c
S6 S6-2 13@275mm c/c 13@300mm c/c
S6-3 13@300 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c
Right 13@250 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
S7 Mid .. 13@300 mm c/c .. 13@300 mm c/c
Left 13@250 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
Right 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
S8 Mid .. 13@300 mm c/c .. 13@300 mm c/c
Left 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
Right 13@250 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
S9 Mid .. 13@300 mm c/c .. 13@300 mm c/c
Left 13@250 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
Right 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
S10 Mid .. 13@300 mm c/c .. 13@300 mm c/c
Left 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
Right 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
S11 Mid .. 13@300 mm c/c .. 13@300 mm c/c
Left 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
Right 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
Chapter two Slab
design

71

S12 Mid .. 13@300 mm c/c .. 13@300 mm c/c
Left 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c 13@300 mm c/c 13@600 mm c/c
Chapter two Slab
design

72

1
2
3 4
A
B
C
D
E
5.00 5.00 5.00
7.00
7.00
5.50
2.50
22.20
15.46
4.60
1.30
4.60
1.30
2.90
1.28
3.40
1.30
a
b
c
d
e
f
a:13mm@600mmc/cBOT
b:13mm@600mmc/c BOT
c:13mm@200mmc/c TOP
d:13mm@600mmc/cBOT
e:13mm@600mmc/c BOT
f:13mm@250mmc/c TOP
g
g:213mm@bottom&top
@ all open corners
90
h
h:313mm@bottom&top
@ all corners
Chapter two Slab
design

73


Cutoff point for bars:
L1 L2
L1/7 L1/5 L2/4 L2/4
L2/3
L2/3
L1/3
L1/5
15cm
minimum
L1 L2
L1/8 L2/8 L2/8
L2/3
L2/3
L1/3
L1/4
15cm
minimum