1 | P a g e

COMPUTER SYSTEM


BY: MUQRI AQIL BIN MAZMAN
4 al-Farabi











2 | P a g e


COMPUTER SYSTEM
DEFINITION
A computer system is defined as combination of components designed
to process data and store files. A computer system consist of four
major hardware components; input devices, output devices, processor
and storage devices. A computer system requires hardware, software
and a user to fully function.
A system of interconnected computers that share a central storage
system and various peripheral devices such as a printers, scanners, or
routers. Each computer connected to the system can operate
independently, but has the ability to communicate with other external
devices and computers.






3 | P a g e

COMPUTER SYSTEM
COMPUTER HARDWARE BLOCK DIAGRAM


















INPUT
PROCESSOR
OUTPUT
STORAGE

4 | P a g e

COMPUTER SYSTEMD
DEFINITION OF INPUT

In computing, an input device is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used
to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or
other information appliance. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners,
digital cameras and joysticks.

Many input devices can be classified according to:

modality of input (e.g. mechanical motion, audio, visual, etc.)
the input is discrete (e.g. key presses) or continuous (e.g. a mouse's position, though
digitized into a discrete quantity, is fast enough to be considered continuous)
the number of degrees of freedom involved (e.g. two-dimensional traditional mice, or
three-dimensional navigators designed for CAD applications)
Pointing devices, which are input devices used to specify a position in space, can further be
classified according to:
Whether the input is direct or indirect. With direct input, the input space coincides with
the display space, i.e. pointing is done in the space where visual feedback or the pointer
appears. Touchscreens and light pens involve direct input. Examples involving indirect
input include the mouse and trackball.
Whether the positional information is absolute (e.g. on a touch screen) or relative (e.g.
with a mouse that can be lifted and repositioned)
Direct input is almost necessarily absolute, but indirect input may be either absolute or
relative.[clarification needed] For example, digitizing graphics tablets that do not have an
embedded screen involve indirect input and sense absolute positions and are often run in an
absolute input mode, but they may also be set up to simulate a relative input mode like that of
a touchpad, where the stylus or puck can be lifted and repositioned.
Input and output devices make up the hardware interface between a computer and a scanner
or 6DOF controller.


5 | P a g e

COMPUTER SYSTEM
EXAMPLE OF INPUT DEVICES



6 | P a g e










7 | P a g e

COMPUTER SYSTEM
DEFINITION OF PROCESSOR

A processor, or "microprocessor," is a small chip that resides in computers and other electronic
devices. Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may
seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second.
The central processor of a computer is also known as the CPU, or "central processing unit." This
processor handles all the basic system instructions, such as processing mouse and keyboard
input and running applications. Most desktop computers contain a CPU developed by either
Intel or AMD, both of which use the x86 processor architecture. Mobile devices, such as laptops
and tablets may use Intel and AMD CPUs, but can also use specific mobile processors
developed by companies like ARM or Apple.
Modern CPUs often include multiple processing cores, which work together to process
instructions. While these "cores" are contained in one physical unit, they are actually individual
processors. In fact, if you view your computer's performance with a system monitoring utility
like Windows Task Manager (Windows) or Activity Monitor (Mac OS X), you will see separate
graphs for each processor. Processors that include two cores are called dual-core processors,
while those with four cores are called quad-core processors. Some high-end workstations
contain multiple CPUs with multiple cores, allowing a single machine to have eight, twelve, or
even more processing cores.
Besides the central processing unit, most desktop and laptop computers also include a GPU.
This processor is specifically designed for rendering graphics that are output on a monitor.
Desktop computers often have a video card that contains the GPU, while mobile devices
usually contain a graphics chip that is integrated into the motherboard. By using separate
processors for system and graphics processing, computers are able to handle graphic-intensive
applications more efficiently.






8 | P a g e

COMPUTER SYSTEM
EXAMPLE OF PROCESSOR



9 | P a g e

COMPUTER SYSTEM
DEFINITION OF STORAGE
A computer storage device is any type of hardware that stores data. The
most common type of storage device, which nearly all computers have,
is a hard drive. The computer's primary hard drive stores the operating
system, applications, and files and folders for users of the computer.
While the hard drive is the most ubiquitous of all storage devices, several
other types are common as well. Flash memory devices, such as USB
keychain drives and iPod nanos are popular ways to store data in a small,
mobile format. Other types of flash memory, such as compact flash and
SD cards are popular ways to store images taken by digital cameras.
External hard drives that connect via Firewire and USB are also common.
These types of drives are often used for backing up internal hard drives,
storing video or photo libraries, or for simply adding extra storage.
Finally, tape drives, which use reels of tape to store data, are another
type of storage device and are typically used for backing up data.









10 | P a g e

COMPUTER SYSTEM
EXAMPLE OF STORAGE







11 | P a g e

COMPUTER SYSTEM
DEFINITION OF OUTPUT
Any device that outputs information from a computer is called, not
surprisingly, an output device. Since most information from a computer
is output in either a visual or auditory format, the most common output
devices are the monitor and speakers. These two devices provide instant
feedback to the user's input, such as displaying characters as they are
typed or playing a song selected from a playlist.

While monitors and speakers are the most common output devices,
there are many others. Some examples include headphones, printers,
projectors, lighting control systems, audio recording devices, and
robotic machines. A computer without an output device connected to it
is pretty useless, since the output is what we interact with. Anyone who
has ever had a monitor or printer stop working knows just how true this
is. Of course, it is also important to be able to send information to the
computer, which requires an input device.













12 | P a g e

COMPUTER SYSTEM
EXAMPLE OF OUTPUT DEVICES



13 | P a g e

COMPUTER SYSTEM
REFERENCE

http://www.techterms.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/
www.computerhope.com/jargon/o/outputde.
html
PCmagazine